Individual Intrapreneurial Behavior Effect on Project Success: Profiles and Distinct Outcomes

Sakalauskas, Eduardo Carvalho; Martens, Cristina Dai Prá; Bizarrias, Flávio Santino; Martens, Mauro Luiz

doi:10.1590/1807-7692bar2023220090

Eduardo Carvalho Sakalauskas

cconceptualization

data curation

formal analysis

funding acquisition

investigation

methodology

project administration

resources

software

supervision

validation

visualization

writing - original draft

writing - review & editing

Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-7202

Cristina Dai Prá Martens

conceptualization

data curation

formal analysis

funding acquisition

investigation

methodology

project administration

supervision

validation

visualization

writing - original draft

writing - review & editing

Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0955-9786

Flávio Santino Bizarrias

conceptualization

data curation

formal analysis

methodology

project administration

software

supervision

validation

visualization

writing - original draft

Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-7820

Mauro Luiz Martens

funding acquisition

investigation

methodology

project administration

supervision

validation

visualization

writing - original draft

writing - review & editing

Universidade Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1242-8795

Corresponding author: Flávio Santino Bizarrias Universidade Nove de Julho, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil fbizarrias1973@gmail.com

Conflict of Interests:

The authors have stated that there is no conflict of interest.

Editor-in-Chief:

Ivan Lapuente Garrido (Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil).

Associate Editor:

Gustavo Barrera Verdugo (Universidad de Las Américas, Chile).

Reviewers:

Denis Forte (Fundação Getulio Vargas, Brazil) and one anonymous reviewer.

Editorial assistants:

Kler Godoy and Simone Rafael (ANPAD, Maringá, Brazil).

Authors

Eduardo Carvalho Sakalauskas

Universidade Nove de Julho

Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

dusakalauskas@gmail.com

Cristina Dai Prá Martens

Universidade Nove de Julho

Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-000 , São Paulo, SP Brazil

cristinadpmartens@gmail.com, cristinadm@uninove.br

Flávio Santino Bizarrias

Universidade Nove de Julho

Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

fbizarrias1973@gmail.com

Mauro Luiz Martens

Universidade Paulista

Rua Dr. Bacelar 1212, CEP 04026-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

mauro.martens@gmail.com

Characteristics	Studies
Creativity	Baruah & Ward, 2014Baruah, B. & Ward, A. (2014). Metamorphosis of intrapreneurship as an effective organizational strategy. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 811-822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0318-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0318-... ; Knörr et al., 2013Knörr, H., Alvarez, C., & Urbano, D. (2013). Entrepreneurs or employees: A cross-cultural cognitive analysis. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(2), 273-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-012-0235-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-012-0235-... ; Kuratko & Audretsch, 2013Kuratko, D. F. & Audretsch, D. B. (2013). Clarifying the domains of corporate entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(3), 323-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0257-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0257-... ; Ma et al., 2016Ma, H., Liu, T. Q. & Karri, R. (2016). Internal corporate venturing: Intrapreneurs. institutions. and initiatives. Organizational Dynamics, 45(2), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.02.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.02... )
Effectiveness	Douglas & Fitzsimmons, 2013Douglas, E. J., & Fitzsimmons, J. R. (2013). Intrapreneurial intentions versus entrepreneurial intentions: distinct constructs with different antecedents. Small Business Economics, 41(1), 115-132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-012-9419-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-012-9419-... ; Valsania et al., 2016Valsania, S. E., Moriano, J. A. & Molero, F. (2016). Authentic leadership and intrapreneurial behavior: Cross-level analysis of the mediator effect of organizational identification and empowerment. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(1), 131-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0333-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0333-... ; Gawke et al., 2017Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Employee intrapreneurship and work engagement: A latent change score approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.00...
Personal initiative	Baruah & Ward, 2014Baruah, B. & Ward, A. (2014). Metamorphosis of intrapreneurship as an effective organizational strategy. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 811-822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0318-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0318-... ; Belousova & Gailly, 2013Belousova, O. & Gailly, B. (2013). Corporate entrepreneurship in a dispersed setting: Actors, Behavior, and process. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(3), 361-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0259-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0259-... ; Gawke et al., 2017Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Employee intrapreneurship and work engagement: A latent change score approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.00... ; Rigtering & Weitzel, 2013Rigtering, J. C., & Weitzel, U. (2013). Work context and employee behaviour as antecedents for intrapreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9, 337-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0258-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0258-...
Innovation	Baruah & Ward, 2014Baruah, B. & Ward, A. (2014). Metamorphosis of intrapreneurship as an effective organizational strategy. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 811-822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0318-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0318-... ; Belousova & Gailly, 2013Belousova, O. & Gailly, B. (2013). Corporate entrepreneurship in a dispersed setting: Actors, Behavior, and process. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(3), 361-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0259-2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0259-... ; Burström & Wilson, 2015Burström, T., & Wilson, T. L. (2015). Managing intrapreneurial equivocality by exploring the relationship between flagship platform projects and intrapreneurial self-renewal activities. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 38, 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2015.07.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.201... ; Valsania et al., 2016Valsania, S. E., Moriano, J. A. & Molero, F. (2016). Authentic leadership and intrapreneurial behavior: Cross-level analysis of the mediator effect of organizational identification and empowerment. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(1), 131-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0333-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0333-... ; Gawke et al., 2017Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Employee intrapreneurship and work engagement: A latent change score approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.00... ; Kühn et al., 2016Kühn, C., Eymann. T., Urbach. N. & Schweizer, A. (2016). From professionals to entrepreneurs: Human resources practices as an enabler for fostering corporate entrepreneurship in professional service firms. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(2), 125-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002216632134 https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002216632134... ; Kuratko & Audretsch, 2013Kuratko, D. F. & Audretsch, D. B. (2013). Clarifying the domains of corporate entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9(3), 323-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0257-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0257-... ; Rigtering & Weitzel, 2013Rigtering, J. C., & Weitzel, U. (2013). Work context and employee behaviour as antecedents for intrapreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9, 337-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0258-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0258-...
Persistence	Di Fabio, 2014Di Fabio, A. (2014). Intrapreneurial self-capital: A new construct for the 21st century. Journal of Employment Counseling, 51(3), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014.00045.x https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014... ; Rigtering & Weitzel, 2013Rigtering, J. C., & Weitzel, U. (2013). Work context and employee behaviour as antecedents for intrapreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9, 337-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0258-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0258-...
Self-esteem	Di Fabio, 2014Di Fabio, A. (2014). Intrapreneurial self-capital: A new construct for the 21st century. Journal of Employment Counseling, 51(3), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014.00045.x https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014... ; Gawke et al., 2017Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Employee intrapreneurship and work engagement: A latent change score approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.00...
Proactivity	Valsania et al., 2016Valsania, S. E., Moriano, J. A. & Molero, F. (2016). Authentic leadership and intrapreneurial behavior: Cross-level analysis of the mediator effect of organizational identification and empowerment. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(1), 131-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0333-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0333-... ; Gawke et al., 2017Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Employee intrapreneurship and work engagement: A latent change score approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.00... ; Kühn et al., 2016Kühn, C., Eymann. T., Urbach. N. & Schweizer, A. (2016). From professionals to entrepreneurs: Human resources practices as an enabler for fostering corporate entrepreneurship in professional service firms. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(2), 125-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002216632134 https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002216632134... ; Rigtering & Weitzel, 2013Rigtering, J. C., & Weitzel, U. (2013). Work context and employee behaviour as antecedents for intrapreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9, 337-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0258-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0258-...
Resilience	Di Fabio, 2014Di Fabio, A. (2014). Intrapreneurial self-capital: A new construct for the 21st century. Journal of Employment Counseling, 51(3), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014.00045.x https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014... ; Gawke et al., 2017Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Employee intrapreneurship and work engagement: A latent change score approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.00... ; Ma et al., 2016Ma, H., Liu, T. Q. & Karri, R. (2016). Internal corporate venturing: Intrapreneurs. institutions. and initiatives. Organizational Dynamics, 45(2), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.02.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.02...
Optimism	Gawke et al., 2017Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Employee intrapreneurship and work engagement: A latent change score approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.00...
Cautious	Di Fabio, 2014Di Fabio, A. (2014). Intrapreneurial self-capital: A new construct for the 21st century. Journal of Employment Counseling, 51(3), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014.00045.x https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014...
Visionaries	Ma et al., 2016Ma, H., Liu, T. Q. & Karri, R. (2016). Internal corporate venturing: Intrapreneurs. institutions. and initiatives. Organizational Dynamics, 45(2), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.02.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.02...
Autonomous	Valsania et al., 2016Valsania, S. E., Moriano, J. A. & Molero, F. (2016). Authentic leadership and intrapreneurial behavior: Cross-level analysis of the mediator effect of organizational identification and empowerment. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 12(1), 131-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0333-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0333-... ; Rigtering & Weitzel, 2013Rigtering, J. C., & Weitzel, U. (2013). Work context and employee behaviour as antecedents for intrapreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 9, 337-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0258-3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-013-0258-...
Tenacity	Di Fabio, 2014Di Fabio, A. (2014). Intrapreneurial self-capital: A new construct for the 21st century. Journal of Employment Counseling, 51(3), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014.00045.x https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014...
Engaged	Gawke et al., 2017Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Employee intrapreneurship and work engagement: A latent change score approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.00...
Persevering	Ma et al., 2016Ma, H., Liu, T. Q. & Karri, R. (2016). Internal corporate venturing: Intrapreneurs. institutions. and initiatives. Organizational Dynamics, 45(2), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.02.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.02...
Self-development	Di Fabio, 2014Di Fabio, A. (2014). Intrapreneurial self-capital: A new construct for the 21st century. Journal of Employment Counseling, 51(3), 98-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014.00045.x https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2014... ; Gawke et al., 2017Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Employee intrapreneurship and work engagement: A latent change score approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.00...
Motivation	Ma et al., 2016Ma, H., Liu, T. Q. & Karri, R. (2016). Internal corporate venturing: Intrapreneurs. institutions. and initiatives. Organizational Dynamics, 45(2), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.02.005 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.02...
Self-educated	Gawke et al., 2017Gawke, J. C., Gorgievski, M. J. & Bakker, A. B. (2017). Employee intrapreneurship and work engagement: A latent change score approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 88-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.002 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.03.00...

Internal consistency						Correlations between the variables
Variable	AVE	Composite reliability	R²	Cronbach alpha	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	0.715	0.908	0.628	0.862	0.846*
2	0.700	0.942	0.893	0.929	0.550	0.837*
3	0.664	0.797	0.217	0.504	0.268	0.373	0.815*
4	0.599	0.882	0.598	0.831	0.163	0.310	0.379	0.774*
5	0.612	0.863	0.533	0.787	0.153	0.329	0.319	0.456	0.782*
6	0.538	0.874	0.575	0.827	0.380	0.423	0.238	0.434	0.376	0.733*
7	0.584	0.874	0.597	0.819	0.283	0.315	0.221	0.435	0.489	0.464	0.764*

Hypothesis	Structural relationship	Gama	Subsamples	SD	t-test	Sig.	Status
H1+	Intrapreneurial behavior → Project success	0.481	0.484	0.053	9.051	0.001	Supported
-	Intrapreneurial behavior → Venture creation	0.793	0.792	0.031	25.901	0.001	-
-	Intrapreneurial behavior → Strategic renewal	0.945	0.945	0.006	159.551	0.001	-
-	Project success → Efficiency	0.466	0.467	0.060	7.828	0.001	-
-	Project success → Impact on the team	0.773	0.775	0.029	26.451	0.001	-
-	Project success → Impact on the client	0.730	0.728	0.061	12.054	0.001	-
-	Project success → Preparation for the future	0.758	0.762	0.038	19.748	0.001	-
-	Project success → Commercial success	0.772	0.776	0.030	25.958	0.001	-

Construct	AVE	CR	R²	CA	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1. Client impact	0.608	0.861	0.097	0.787	0.78
2. Commercial success	0.581	0.873	0.120	0.819	0.484	0.76
3. Efficiency	0.577	0.708	0.139	0.501	0.313	0.217	0.76
4. Team impact	0.587	0.876	0.100	0.831	0.467	0.436	0.377	0.77
5. Preparation for the future	0.539	0.874	0.210	0.827	0.366	0.468	0.232	0.44	0.73
6. Strategic renewal	0.700	0.942	0.899	0.928	0.337	0.322	0.369	0.33	0.42	0.84
7. Venture creation	0.714	0.908	0.619	0.862	0.161	0.289	0.265	0.18	0.39	0.55	0.84

Hypothesis	Structural relationships	Γ	SD	t-test	Sig.	Status
H2+	Intrapreneurial behavior → Efficiency	0.373	0.061	61.134	0.001	Supported
H3+	Intrapreneurial behavior → Client impact	0.311	0.064	48.717	0.001	Supported
H4+	Intrapreneurial behavior → Team impact	0.317	0.058	54.266	0.001	Supported
H5+	Intrapreneurial behavior → Commercial success	0.347	0.054	63.495	0.001	Supported
H6+	Intrapreneurial behavior → Preparation for the future	0.459	0.046	98.499	0.001	Supported
-	Intrapreneurial behavior → Strategic renewal	0.948	0.005	1,662.3	0.001	-
-	Intrapreneurial behavior → Venture creation	0.786	0.033	237.214	0.001	-

Structural relations	Class 1	Class 2	Class 3
Strategic renewal → Client impact	0.345*	0.226	0.223
Strategic renewal → Commercial success	0.179	0.302	-0.333
Strategic renewal → Efficiency	0.317*	0.135*	-0.150
Strategic renewal → Preparation for the future	0.236*	0.407*	0.221
Strategic renewal → Team impact	0.518*	0.252	0.366
Venture creation → Client impact	0.040	0.015	-0.261
Venture creation → Commercial success	0.167	-0.136	0.017
Venture creation → Efficiency	0.017	0.378	-0.393
Venture creation → Preparation for the future	0.297*	0.047	-0.309
Venture creation → Team impact	0.041	0.035	0.118

[1] Corresponding author: Flávio Santino Bizarrias Universidade Nove de Julho, Rua Vergueiro, 235/249, CEP 01504-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil fbizarrias1973@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Individual Intrapreneurial Behavior Effect on Project Success: Profiles and Distinct Outcomes

ABSTRACT