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Menor flexibilidade adaptativa (Adler et al., 2011Adler, P., Heckscher, C., & Prusak, L. (2011). Cómo construir una empresa colaborativa: cuatro claves para crear una cultura de confianza y trabajo en equipo. Harvard Business Review, 89(6), 44-52.; Fjeldstad et al., 2012Fjeldstad, Ø. D., Snow, C. C., Miles, R. E., & Lettl, C. (2012). The architecture of collaboration. Strategic Management Journal, 33(6), 734-750.; Zebari et al., 2019Zebari, R. R., Zeebaree, S. R., Jacksi, K., & Shukur, H. M. (2019). E-business requirements for flexibility and implementation enterprise system: A review.International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research ,8(11), 655-660.) |
Maior flexibilidade adaptativa (Adler et al., 2011Adler, P., Heckscher, C., & Prusak, L. (2011). Cómo construir una empresa colaborativa: cuatro claves para crear una cultura de confianza y trabajo en equipo. Harvard Business Review, 89(6), 44-52.; Faraj et al., 2011Faraj, S., Jarvenpaa, S. L., & Majchrzak, A. (2011). Knowledge collaboration in online communities. Organization Science, 22(5), 1224-1239.; Fjeldstad et al., 2012Fjeldstad, Ø. D., Snow, C. C., Miles, R. E., & Lettl, C. (2012). The architecture of collaboration. Strategic Management Journal, 33(6), 734-750.; Zebari et al., 2019Zebari, R. R., Zeebaree, S. R., Jacksi, K., & Shukur, H. M. (2019). E-business requirements for flexibility and implementation enterprise system: A review.International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research ,8(11), 655-660.) |
Confidencialidade e finalidade comercial (Lee & Cole, 2003Lee, G. K., & Cole, R. E. (2003). From a firm-based to a community-based model of knowledge creation: The case of the Linux kernel development. Organization Science, 14(6), 633-649.; Chen & O’Mahony, 2009Chen, K. K., & O’Mahony, S. (2009). Differentiating organizational boundaries. In B. G. King, T. Felin, & D. A. Whetten (Eds.). Studying Differences Between Organizations: Comparative Approaches to Organizational Research, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 183-220.; Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.; Miscione et al., 2018Miscione, G., Ziolkowski, R., Zavolokina, L., & Schwabe, G. (2018, September). Tribal governance: The business of blockchain authentication. Proceedings of the HICSS, Hawaii, 1-10.) |
Livre criação e compartilhamento de conhecimentos (Lee & Cole, 2003Lee, G. K., & Cole, R. E. (2003). From a firm-based to a community-based model of knowledge creation: The case of the Linux kernel development. Organization Science, 14(6), 633-649.; Demil & Lecocq, 2006Demil, B., & Lecocq, X. (2006). Neither market nor hierarchy nor network: The emergence of bazaar governance. Organization Studies, 27(10), 1447-1466.; Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.; Miscione et al., 2018Miscione, G., Ziolkowski, R., Zavolokina, L., & Schwabe, G. (2018, September). Tribal governance: The business of blockchain authentication. Proceedings of the HICSS, Hawaii, 1-10.) |
Membros dependentes em suas escolhas para contribuir (Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.; Lindberg et al., 2016Lindberg, A., Berente, N., Gaskin, J., & Lyytinen, K. (2016). Coordinating interdependencies in online communities: A study of an open source software project. Information Systems Research, 27(4), 751-772.) |
Membros independentes em suas escolhas para contribuir, mas com produção interdependente (Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.; Lindberg et al., 2016Lindberg, A., Berente, N., Gaskin, J., & Lyytinen, K. (2016). Coordinating interdependencies in online communities: A study of an open source software project. Information Systems Research, 27(4), 751-772.; Kolbjørnsrud, 2016Kolbjørnsrud, V. (2016). Agency problems and governance mechanisms in collaborative communities. Strategic Organization, Special Issue Article, 1-36.) |
Hierárquica e com autoridade formal (Lee & Cole, 2003Lee, G. K., & Cole, R. E. (2003). From a firm-based to a community-based model of knowledge creation: The case of the Linux kernel development. Organization Science, 14(6), 633-649.; Demil & Lecocq, 2006Demil, B., & Lecocq, X. (2006). Neither market nor hierarchy nor network: The emergence of bazaar governance. Organization Studies, 27(10), 1447-1466.; Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.; Arazy et al., 2016Arazy, O., Daxenberger, J., Lifshitz-Assaf, H., Nov, O., & Gurevych, I. (2016). Turbulent stability of emergent roles: The dualistic nature of self-organizing knowledge coproduction. Information Systems Research, 27(4), 792-812.; Lindberg et al., 2016Lindberg, A., Berente, N., Gaskin, J., & Lyytinen, K. (2016). Coordinating interdependencies in online communities: A study of an open source software project. Information Systems Research, 27(4), 751-772.) |
Horizontalizada e com autoridade lateral (Panchal, 2010Panchal, J. H. (2010). Coordination in collective product innovation. Proceedings of the ASME, Vancouver, 333-346. ; Dahlander & O’Mahony, 2011Dahlander, L., & O'Mahony, S. (2011). Progressing to the center: Coordinating project work. Organization Science, 22(4), 961-979.; O’Mahony & Lakhany, 2011; Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.) |
Estrutura organizacional e decisória bem definida (Vasconcellos & Hemsley, 2002Vasconcellos, E., & Hemsley, J. R. (2002). Estrutura das organizações. São Paulo: Thomson Pioneira Learning.; Mintzberg, 2011Mintzberg, H. (2011). Criando organizações eficazes: estrutura em cinco configurações. São Paulo: Atlas.; Demil & Lecocq, 2006Demil, B., & Lecocq, X. (2006). Neither market nor hierarchy nor network: The emergence of bazaar governance. Organization Studies, 27(10), 1447-1466.; Lindberg et al., 2016Lindberg, A., Berente, N., Gaskin, J., & Lyytinen, K. (2016). Coordinating interdependencies in online communities: A study of an open source software project. Information Systems Research, 27(4), 751-772.) |
Estrutura organizacional e decisória pouco definida, com forte atuação da liderança (Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.; Arazy et al., 2016Arazy, O., Daxenberger, J., Lifshitz-Assaf, H., Nov, O., & Gurevych, I. (2016). Turbulent stability of emergent roles: The dualistic nature of self-organizing knowledge coproduction. Information Systems Research, 27(4), 792-812.;Lindberg et al., 2016Lindberg, A., Berente, N., Gaskin, J., & Lyytinen, K. (2016). Coordinating interdependencies in online communities: A study of an open source software project. Information Systems Research, 27(4), 751-772.; Guimarães, 2013Guimarães, A. L., Korn, H. J., Shin, N., & Eisner, A. B. (2013). The life cycle of open source software development communities. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 14(2), 167-182.; Mäenpää et al., 2017Mäenpää, H., Munezero, M., Fagerholm, F., & Mikkonen, T. (2017, August). The many hats and the broken binoculars: State of the practice in developer community management. Proceedings of the OpenSym, Galway, 1-9.) |
Limites bem estabelecidos (Child & Rodrigues, 2003Child, J., & Rodrigues, S. B. (2003). Corporate governance and new organizational forms: Issues of double and multiple agency. Journal of Management and Governance, 7(4), 337-360.; Lee & Cole, 2003Lee, G. K., & Cole, R. E. (2003). From a firm-based to a community-based model of knowledge creation: The case of the Linux kernel development. Organization Science, 14(6), 633-649.; Chen & O’Mahony, 2009Chen, K. K., & O’Mahony, S. (2009). Differentiating organizational boundaries. In B. G. King, T. Felin, & D. A. Whetten (Eds.). Studying Differences Between Organizations: Comparative Approaches to Organizational Research, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 183-220.) |
Limites fluidos, com fronteiras permeáveis de adesão (Faraj et al., 2011Faraj, S., Jarvenpaa, S. L., & Majchrzak, A. (2011). Knowledge collaboration in online communities. Organization Science, 22(5), 1224-1239.; Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.; Li et al., 2016Li, X., Yoo, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2016). Searching for “Stability” in Fluidity: A Routine-based View of Open Source Software Development Process. Proceedings of the ICIS, Dublin.) |
Trabalho formalizado por contrato e remuneração (Lattermann & Stieglitz, 2005Lattemann, C., & Stieglitz, S. (2005). Framework for governance in open source communities. Proceedings of the HICSS, Hawaii, 192-201.; Dahlander & Wallin, 2006Dahlander, L., & Wallin, M. W. (2006). A man on the inside: Unlocking communities as complementary assets. Research Policy, 35(8), 1243-1259.; O’Mahony & Ferraro, 2007O’Mahony, S., & Ferraro, F. (2007). The Emergence of Governance in an Open Source Community. Academy of Management Journal, 50(5), 1079-1106.) |
Significante incorporação do trabalho voluntário (Shah, 2006Shah, S. K. (2006). Motivation, governance, and the viability of hybrid forms in open source software development. Management Science, 52(7), 1000-1014.; Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.; Lindberg et al., 2016Lindberg, A., Berente, N., Gaskin, J., & Lyytinen, K. (2016). Coordinating interdependencies in online communities: A study of an open source software project. Information Systems Research, 27(4), 751-772.) |
Infraestrutura física e tecnológica (Lee & Cole, 2003Lee, G. K., & Cole, R. E. (2003). From a firm-based to a community-based model of knowledge creation: The case of the Linux kernel development. Organization Science, 14(6), 633-649.; O’Mahony & Lakhany, 2011O'Mahony, S., & Lakhani, K. R. (2011). Organizations in the shadow of communities. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 3-36.; Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.) |
Infraestrutura essencialmente tecnológica (Lee & Cole, 2003Lee, G. K., & Cole, R. E. (2003). From a firm-based to a community-based model of knowledge creation: The case of the Linux kernel development. Organization Science, 14(6), 633-649.; Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.; Zheng et al., 2013Zheng, Y., Zhao, K., & Stylianou, A. (2013). The impacts of information quality and system quality on users' continuance intention in information-exchange virtual communities: An empirical investigation. Decision Support Systems, 56, 513-524.) |
Controle com perfil mais formal e burocrático (O’Mahony & Ferraro, 2007O’Mahony, S., & Ferraro, F. (2007). The Emergence of Governance in an Open Source Community. Academy of Management Journal, 50(5), 1079-1106.; O’Mahony & Lakhany, 2011O'Mahony, S., & Lakhani, K. R. (2011). Organizations in the shadow of communities. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 3-36.; Seidel & Stewart, 2011Seidel, M. D. L., & Stewart, K. J. (2011). An initial description of the C-form. In C. Marquis, M. Lounsbury, & R. Greenwood (Eds.). Communities and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited , 37-72.; Arazy et al., 2016Arazy, O., Daxenberger, J., Lifshitz-Assaf, H., Nov, O., & Gurevych, I. (2016). Turbulent stability of emergent roles: The dualistic nature of self-organizing knowledge coproduction. Information Systems Research, 27(4), 792-812.) |
Controle com perfil mais informal, democrático e com forte presença da meritocracia (O’Mahony & Ferraro, 2007O’Mahony, S., & Ferraro, F. (2007). The Emergence of Governance in an Open Source Community. Academy of Management Journal, 50(5), 1079-1106.; Panchal, 2010Panchal, J. H. (2010). Coordination in collective product innovation. Proceedings of the ASME, Vancouver, 333-346. ; Arazy et al., 2016Arazy, O., Daxenberger, J., Lifshitz-Assaf, H., Nov, O., & Gurevych, I. (2016). Turbulent stability of emergent roles: The dualistic nature of self-organizing knowledge coproduction. Information Systems Research, 27(4), 792-812.; Miscione et al., 2018Miscione, G., Ziolkowski, R., Zavolokina, L., & Schwabe, G. (2018, September). Tribal governance: The business of blockchain authentication. Proceedings of the HICSS, Hawaii, 1-10.) |
Controle de comportamentos, controle de resultados (Lattemann & Stieglitz, 2005Lattemann, C., & Stieglitz, S. (2005). Framework for governance in open source communities. Proceedings of the HICSS, Hawaii, 192-201.; Xu et al., 2005Xu, B., Xu, Y., & Lin, Z. (2005). Control in open source software development. Proceedings of the AMCIS, Omaha, 433.; Markus, 2007Markus, M. L. (2007). The governance of free/open source software projects: monolithic, multidimensional, or configurational? Journal of Management & Governance, 11(2), 151-163.) |
Controle social, controle entre pares e autocontrole (Lattemann & Stieglitz, 2005Lattemann, C., & Stieglitz, S. (2005). Framework for governance in open source communities. Proceedings of the HICSS, Hawaii, 192-201.; Xu et al., 2005Xu, B., Xu, Y., & Lin, Z. (2005). Control in open source software development. Proceedings of the AMCIS, Omaha, 433.; Kolbjørnsrud, 2016Kolbjørnsrud, V. (2016). Agency problems and governance mechanisms in collaborative communities. Strategic Organization, Special Issue Article, 1-36.) |