Precariousness of Higher Education Teaching Work in Brazilian Private HEIs

Gemelli, Catia Eli; Closs, Lisiane

doi:10.15728/bbr.2023.20.3.6.en

Catia Eli Gemelli

investigation

formal analysis

data curation

Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - Campus Osório - Administração, Osório, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7163-0494

Lisiane Closs

investigation

methodology

validation

writing – review & editing

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-9341

Email:
catia.gemelli@osorio.ifrs.edu.br

Email:
lisiane.closs@ufrgs.br

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in relation to the research developed

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Author 1 worked on textual production, development of theoretical framework, statistical analysis and results. Author 2 guided and reviewed the research in all stages (theoretical framework, methodology, results and discussion)

V1	I believe that the number of subjects I teach is adequate to carry out the work satisfactorily.
V2	I believe that the number of classes in which I teach is adequate to carry out the work satisfactorily.
V3	I consider that the number of students per class is adequate to carry out the work satisfactorily.
V4	I consider that the workload contracted by the HEIs is sufficient to carry out all the required activities.
V5	I consider extra-class pedagogical activities - for example, the correction of activities, preparation of classes, etc. - that I perform are consistent with my workload formalized by the HEIs.
V6	I consider that the extra-class administrative activities - for example, participation in meetings, filling out documents, etc. - that I perform are consistent with my workload formalized by the HEIs.
V7	I have the conditions to organize and carry out my teaching work activities, without harming my schedules intended for rest and leisure - weekends, holidays, vacations, etc.
V8	HEIs offer all equipment - e.g. notebook, projector, copies, etc. - I need to carry out my teaching activities.
V9	HEIs offer all technology - e.g. systems, internet, etc. - I need to carry out my teaching activities.
V10	I consider that the classrooms provided by the HEIs are suitable for carrying out my teaching activities.
V11	I consider that the laboratories provided by the HEIs are suitable for conducting classes.
V12	The HEIs offer technical support - equipment assembly, problem solutions, etc. - necessary for the realization of my teaching activities.
V13	The HEIs promote the realization of projects and research actions - for example, offering investment, support, availability of time, structure and/or materials.
V14	The HEIs promote the realization of projects and extension actions - for example, offering investment, support, availability of time, structure and/or materials.
V15	The working conditions - number of classes and students, workload at the HEI, research and extension activities, etc. - allow me to develop bonds with students.
V16	The working conditions - number of classes and students, workload at the HEI, research and extension activities, etc. - allow me to develop bonds with the HEI.
V17	The working conditions - number of classes and students, workload at the HEI, research and extension activities, etc. - allow me to develop bonds with co-workers.
V18	The HEIs comply with the contractual terms of my employment bond, with no inconsistencies between the activities, schedules and remuneration agreed and fulfilled.
V19	I receive all labor rights due in accordance with my employment bond with the HEIs.
V20	I think my pay is consistent with the work I do.
V21	I receive my remuneration from the HEI within the established time limit, without delay in payment.
V22	I receive my remuneration in the amount agreed with the HEI, without undue changes.
V23	I feel confident about my stay as a professor at HEI.
V24	I feel confident in drawing up future life plans that depend on my teaching career.
V25	I participate in discussions about the construction and alteration of the pedagogical projects of the courses, especially with regard to the subjects I teach.
V26	I have the freedom to communicate with the highest hierarchical levels of the HEIs.
V27	I have autonomy in the choice of teaching-learning strategies that I use in my classes.
V28	I have autonomy to establish the criteria for evaluation, approval and disapproval of students in my classes, provided that the institutional regiments are respected.
V29	I believe that the instruments of institutional evaluation contribute to the development of my work as a professor.
V30	I have autonomy in the choice of contents to be addressed in the classroom, provided that the pedagogical project of the course is respected.
V31	I don't feel pressured to hold attractive classes to retain and/or attract new students.
V32	My stay in the teaching career is independent of the publication of scientific articles.
V33	My rise in the teaching career is independent of the publication of scientific articles.
V34	I feel that my work as a professor is recognized by the HEI in which I work.
V35	I feel that my work as a professor is recognized by students of the HEI in which I work.
V36	I feel that my work as a professor is recognized by society.
V37	I get institutional incentive - for example, schedule release, course offering, etc. - for my training/development as a professor.

Variables	Categories	Percentage
Sex	Female	54,9%
Sex	Male	45,1%
Age	≤ 30 years old	10,2%
	31 - 40 years old	35,4%
	41 - 50 years old	30,8%
	51 - 60 years old	18,1%
	≥ 60 years old	5,4%
Color/Ethnicity	Black	3%
	White	81,2%
	Mixed-race	14,3%
	Asian	1,3%
	Indigenous	0,2%
Education	Undergraduate	0,3%
	Lato sensu postgraduate	11,5%
	Master	49,4%
	Doctorate	38,7%
State of residence	Rio Grande do Sul	28,2%
	Santa Catarina	5,1%
	Paraná	12,2%
	São Paulo	22,7%
	Minas Gerais	9,9%
	Rio de Janeiro	14,8%
	Espírito Santo	7,1%

Variables	Categories	Percentage
Areas of CNPQ	Exact and Earth Sciences	6,1%
	Biological Sciences	2,7%
	Engineering	6,9%
	Health Sciences	20,1%
	Agricultural Sciences	1,6%
	Applied Social Sciences	41,8%
	Human Sciences	18,8%
	Linguistics, Languages and Arts	2%
Teaching experience time	≤ 5 years	32,8%
	6 - 10 years	27,7%
	11 - 15 years	15,7%
	16 - 20 years	12,5%
	21 - 30 years	8,1%
	31 - 40 years	2,6%
	≥ 41 years	0,5%
Gross income from teaching activity	Less than half a minimum wage	1,3%
	From half to less than 1	5,8%
	Between 1 and less than 3	32,5%
	Between 3 and less than 5	24,5%
	Between 5 and less than 7	12,5%
	Between 7 and less than 9	7,1%
	Between 9 and less than 11	9,2%
	Between 11 and under 13	2,8%
	Between 13 and less than 15	2,0%
	More than 15	2,3%
Works in other paid activity besides teaching	Never	19,8%
	Rarely	27,7%
	Often	18%
	Always	34,5%
Employment bonds/contracts	Full-time monthly worker	18,3%
	Part-time monthly worker	20,1%
	Hourly worker	47,1%
	Part-time worker + other bond/contract	2,8%
	Other bond/contract	11,7%
Characterization of the HEIs operating by accreditation in the Ministry of Education (MEC)	University	37,6%
	University Center	28,8%
	College	22,6%
	Two or more HEIs of different accreditations	11%
Teaches in lato sensu postgraduate	Never	26,2%
	Rarely	35,7%
	Often	24,1%
	Always	14%
Teaches in stricto sensu postgraduate	Never	82,7%
	Rarely	6,8%
	Often	2,6%
	Always	7,9%
Interest in entering the teaching career in public HEIs by civil service exam	Yes	47,9%
	Maybe	30%
	No	22,1%

Dimension	Factor	Mean	SD	α
Organization of work and working conditions	Number of subjects, classes and students	3,5	1,24	,933
	Working hours	2,6	1,26
	Physical, technological infrastructure and technical support	3,4	1,11
	Promotion of research and extension and bonds with HEIs, colleagues and students	3,0	1,15
Labor rights, contractual relations and remuneration	Labor rights, contractual relations and remuneration	3,8	1,09	,847
Career prospects, autonomy and recognition	Career planning, participation in decision-making processes and teaching autonomy	3,3	1,02	,898
	Demand for scientific productivity	3,1	1,37
	Education recognition and encouragement	3,3	1,03

Factors	Variables	Mean	SD	α
Number of subjects, classes and students	Number of subjects	3,7	1,35	,848
	Number of classes	3,6	1,40
	Number of students by class	3,4	1,49
Working hours	Working hours	2,8	1,49	,905
	Extra-class pedagogical activities	2,4	1,42
	Extra-class administrative activities	2,6	1,44
	Balance between working hours and rest/leisure hours	2,6	1,39
Physical, technological infrastructure and technical support	Equipment Availability	2,8	1,52	,871
	Technology Availability	3,1	1,52
	Structure of classrooms	3,9	1,24
	Structure of laboratories	3,7	1,27
	Technical support	3,7	1,27
Promotion of research and extension and bonds with HEIs, colleagues and students	Promotion for research activities	2,7	1,43	,906
	Promotion for extension activities	2,9	1,42
	Bonds with students	3,1	1,29
	Bonds with HEIs	3,2	1,32
	Bonds with colleagues	3,3	1,27
Labor rights, contractual relations and remuneration	Compliance with contractual terms	3,7	1,48	,847
	Perception of labor rights	4,0	1,42
	Salary value	2,6	1,48
	Compliance with the term of remuneration	4,4	1,23
	Compliance with the amount of remuneration	4,3	1,28
Career planning, participation in decision-making processes and teaching autonomy	Security for staying in HEIs	2,5	1,47	,887
	Work and career planning	2,2	1,39
	Participation in the design and changes in the pedagogical projects of the courses	3,3	1,49
	Access to HEIs hierarchical levels	3,5	1,43
	Autonomy in the choice of teaching-learning strategies	4,0	1,35
	Autonomy in the evaluation of students	3,7	1,42
	Institutional evaluation	3,4	1,36
	Autonomy in the choice of contents	4,1	1,28
	Accountability for student attraction and retention	3,0	1,51
Demand for scientific productivity	Demand for scientific productivity to stay in the career	3,3	1,43	,858
Demand for scientific productivity	Demand for scientific productivity to ascend in the career	2,9	1,50	,858
Education recognition and encouragement	Recognition by the institution	3,3	1,40	,841
	Recognition by students	4,2	1,05
	Recognition by society	3,2	1,38
	Encouraging teacher training and education	2,7	1,47

ANOVA
		Sum of squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
Organization of work and working conditions	Between Groups	23,025	4	5,756	6,400	,000
	In groups	541,417	602	,899
	Total	564,442	606
Labor rights, contractual relations and remuneration	Between Groups	15,441	4	3,860	3,282	,011
	In groups	708,007	602	1,176
	Total	723,448	606
Career prospects, autonomy and recognition	Between Groups	12,033	4	3,008	3,787	,005
	In groups	478,218	602	,794
	Total	490,251	606

[1] Email:
catia.gemelli@osorio.ifrs.edu.br

Brasil

Brasil

Precariousness of Higher Education Teaching Work in Brazilian Private HEIs

Abstract