Social enterprises refer to non-profit organization, revenue-generating ventures or social ventures that create social impact. |
Dees (1998DEES, J. G. 1998. The meaning of social entrepreneurship. ) |
Social enterprise is an organization with a social mission that works as commercial and innovative enterprises and are financially self-sufficient to enable the creation, dissemination and distribution of social or environmental value. |
Granados et al. (2001GRANADOS, Maria L. et al. 2001 Social Enterprise And Social Entrepreneurship Research And Theory: A Bibliometric Analysis From 1991 To 2010. Social Enterprise Journal, V. 7, N. 3, p. 198-218.) |
A social enterprise is a type of business with a social mission, with profits being reinvested in the company itself, rather than being distributed to shareholders. |
DTI (2002)DTI. 2002. Unit, Social Enterprise. Social Enterprise: A Strategy For Success. London: Department For Trade And Industry
|
In Europe, social enterprise is defined by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) as any private activity or operation with community interests. Its main objective is not to maximize profits, but to obtain certain economic benefits and social objectives. |
Kerlin (2006KERLIN, Janelle A. 2006, Social Enterprise In The United States And Europe: Understanding And Learning From The Differences. Voluntas: International Journal Of Voluntary And Nonprofit Organizations, V. 17, N. 3, p. 246.) |
The main objective of a social enterprise is to serve social areas that have been neglected by the government, generating social value and non-profitability. |
Nicholls (2006NICHOLLS, A. 2006, “Introduction: The Meanings Of Social Entrepreneurship”, In Nicholls, A. (Ed.), Social Entrepreneurship: New Paradigms For Sustainable Social Change, Press, Oxford University, p. 1-36. ) |
They are organizations with a clear objective whose purpose is to help the community, creating citizens, and the substantial benefits of capital investment are limited. |
Defourny; Nyssens (2008aDEFOURNY, J.; NYSSENS, M. 2008a Conceptions of Social Enterprises in Europe and the United States: Convergences and Divergences. HIVA Working Paper, 20p.) |
“They are not private organizations that offer goods or services directly related to their explicit objective of benefiting the community”. |
Defourny; Nyssens (2008bDEFOURNY, J.; Nyssens, M.; 2008b Social Enterprise in Europe: Recent Trends and Developments. Social Enterprise Journal 4 (3), 202-228.) |
An organization that uses business to fulfill a social objective and adopts various strategies to solve social problems and opportunities. |
Alter (2007)ALTER, S. K. 2007 Social Enterprise Typology [online]. Virtue Venture LLC.
|
The social enterprise is a non-profit organization, with a sustainable and scalable income stream generated from social activities. |
Brozek (2009BROZEK, Kathy O. 2009 Exploring the continuum of social and financial returns. San Francisco: Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.) |
Although the organization of social organizations is based on a non-destructive and dividend-free basis, social enterprises are different from NGOs and non-governmental organizations. |
Yunus et al. (2010YUNUS, M.; MOINGEON, B.; LEHMANN-ORTEGA, L. 2010. Building Social Business Models: Lessons from the Grameen Experience. Long Range Planning,43(2-3), p. 308-325.) |
They are organizations that seek to solve social problems by applying business practices and principles. |
Dacin et al. (2010DACIN, Peter A.; DACIN, M. Tina; MATEAR, Margaret. Social entrepreneurship: Why we don't need a new theory and how we move forward from here. The academy of management perspectives, v. 24, n. 3, 2010, 37-57.) |
They are private organizations that use strategies to achieve society-oriented goals. |
Dacin et al. (2010DACIN, Peter A.; DACIN, M. Tina; MATEAR, Margaret. Social entrepreneurship: Why we don't need a new theory and how we move forward from here. The academy of management perspectives, v. 24, n. 3, 2010, 37-57.) |
Social Business Knowledge Network (SEKN) defines a social enterprise as an organization that generates social changes through market activities. |
Comini et al. (2012COMINI, G.; BARKI, E.; AGUIAR, L. T. D. 2012 A three-pronged approach to social business: A Brazilian multi-case analysis. Revista de Administração (São Paulo), 47(3), p. 385-397.) |
They solve social problems through commercial organizations, combining innovation and the resources of a traditional company with efficiency. |
Battilana et al. (2012BATTILIANA, J.; LEE, M.; WALKER, J.; & DORSEY, C. 2012 In search of the hybrid ideal. Stanford Social Innovation Review, v. 10, n. 3, p. 50-55.) |
As the name suggests, social companies employ multiple stakeholders to carry out social missions through commercial companies. |
Smith; GoninSMITH, W. K.; GONIN, M.; BESHAROV, M. L. 2013 Managing Social-Business Tensions: A Review And Research Agenda For Social Enterprise. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(3), p. 407-442.; Besharov (2013BESHAROV, M. L. 2013 Toward a relational ecology of identification: A process model of managing identification based on divergent values. Working paper, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.) |
In social enterprises, the social mission defines the purpose of the business and vice versa. |
Smith; GoninSMITH, W. K.; GONIN, M.; BESHAROV, M. L. 2013 Managing Social-Business Tensions: A Review And Research Agenda For Social Enterprise. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(3), p. 407-442.; Besharov (2013BESHAROV, M. L. 2013 Toward a relational ecology of identification: A process model of managing identification based on divergent values. Working paper, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.) |
The social enterprise is an organization that combines commercial and social guidelines and operates in the gap between the market and the country. |
Alegre; Berbegal-Mirabent (2016ALEGRE, Inês; BERBEGAL-MIRABENT, Jasmina. 2016 Social innovation success factors: hospitality and tourism social enterprises. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, v. 28, n. 6, p. 1155-1176.) |
Social enterprises give rise to new methods and innovative solutions to social problems and a better way to integrate employees and customers. |
Konsti-Laakso et al. (2016KONSTI-LAAKSO, Suvi et al. 2016 Participatory Design of a Social Enterprise for Rehabilitees. Work, V. 55, N. 1, p. 145-153.) |