Sensitivity of ocean-wave spectra retrieved by synthetic aperture radar

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is the only sensor to date on-board satellites able to measure the directional wind wave spectrum. Its high spatial and temporal coverage allows the characterization of the sea state, especially at the low frequency region of the energy spectrum, which has been assimilated into numerical models at several operational centres world wide since the late 1990's. However, the extraction of the wave spectrum from a SAR image is a complex task. Not all imaging modes allow the use of sequential images to resolve the wave directional ambiguity, requiring some sort of additional, first guess information, in general from a wave model. The dependency of the wave retrieval on this first guess is investigated applying the classical Hasselmann inversion to some simple, theoretical, sea states. This approach is based on the analytical transformation relating the wind wave variance spectrum to its correspondent SAR image spectrum. The solution of this inverse problem is determined by a numerical algorithm, which minimizes a non-linear function. Although widely employed at operational forecasting centres, the method has not been extensively tested in experimental, well defined, situations. The results show that the first guess wave direction is fundamental to the reliability of the results obtained, raising questions about the accuracy of the technique.

Ocean Wave Spectra; Sensitivity; Synthetic Aperture Radar