Constructive technologies of the indigenous monticular architecture of the India Muerta region (Rocha, Uruguay). Formation processes of the Isla de los Talitas site

Abstract

Earthen architectures globally represents the earliest transformations of the environment by human populations. In Uruguay, the cerritos, indigenous mounds of earth, are the earliest and most extensive manifestation of constructed landscape. The results of the archaeological interventions at the Isla de los Talitas site contribute to the understanding of formation processes, construction dynamics, and patterns of use. The macro and micro stratigraphic approach characterized the different strata and interfacial units associated with formative phases, established chronologies, and functional aspects of different construction and occupation periods. A broader focus on the TALQ28 mound revealed a superposition of volume addition episodes with activity surfaces, periods of use, and moments of temporal discontinuity. A constructive technology is evidenced by the production of anthropogenic sediments, preparation of anthills remains, burnt soils, and waste materials within the construction sequence, along with alternate processes of use, maintenance, and cleaning. This pattern is shown as a constructive tradition spanning three thousand years, representing persistent and referential architectures with recurrent and enduring occupations. The context supposes the emergence of social structures with community organization, ecological management of the environment, and transmitted knowledge in ways of inhabitation.

Keywords
Indigenous earthern mounds; Stratigraphic context; Micromorphology; Formation processes; Constructive dynamics