Serpulids (Annelida Polychaeta) from Brazil (between Fernando de Noronha island, lat. about 4ºS, and Santa Catarina, lat. about 28ºS) are studied here. The resemblance between the serpulid fauna of the tropical American coasts of the Pacific ocean and that of the Atlantic is confirmed. Some of the species previously found on the Pacific coast are here recorded for the first time on the Atlantic coast. A new species is described: Spirorbis (Paralaeospira) calypso n. sp. The genus Pseudovermilia Bush is separated from the genus Vermiliopsis.