A surplus-yield model of Schaefer (1954; 1957) was used to study a maximum sustainable yield of the Brazilian sardine. Applying the prices of sardine and operation cost, an economical yield of sardine was discussed. The maximum sustainable yield of sardine was estimated on 173 thousands metric tons and the optimum fishing effort was 28,292 sets of net. With the operation cost of Cr$ 71,040.00 per cruise, the price of sardine has to be higher than Cr$ 10,00/kg.