Notes on the Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas in the lagoon region of Cananéia, Brazil

Sadowsky, V

doi:10.1590/S0373-55241971000200002

Abstracts

Ninety one young specimens and 3 adult females of BulI shark ("cação cabeça chata") caught in the lagoon region of Cananéia were examined, their tooth formula being 27/25 and the number of pre-caudal vertebrae ranging from 109 to 115. The proportion between the 1st and 2nd dorsal fins were found to be 2.3 and 2.8 for the young,and 2.9 to 3.1 for the adults. These data confirm that the studied form belongs to C. leuoas. Young occur regularly but in limited numbers.As regards the adults, however, females only appear during the short parturition period, i.e., from November to February. The number of embryos in the litters were from 7 to 9, their sizes ranging between 768-812 mm. The length of the smallest free young found was 697 mm, but young presumably 9 to 12 months old had 98 to 112 cm; between 21 and 24 months they were reaching 124 to 128 cm, that is, the same size they have when they start migrating to the open sea. The feeding inhibition phenomenon during the period of parturition was not observed in the female specimens caught in the lagoon. The more abundant species found in the stomach contents were: Arius spixii; Chloroscombrus chrysurus; A. grandicassus; A. barbus; Felichtys marinus; Genidens genidens; Chanophorus tajacica and Carcharhinus porosus.

Noventa e um espécimes jovens e 3 fêmeas adultas de "cação cabeça chata" capturados na região lagunar de Cananeia foram examinados, constatando-se a fórmula dental 27/25 e número de vértebras pré-caudais entre 109 e 115.Verificouse que as proporções entre a la. nadadeira dorsal e a 2a. foram de 2.3 e 2.8 para os jovens e de 2.9 até 3.1 para os adultos.Ficou assim confirmado que a forma es tudada pertence a C. leuaas. É comum a ocorrência de jovens dentro da região estudada~ no entanto,quanto aos adultos,as fêmeas só são encontradas durante o período de parição, i.é, de novembro a fevereiro. Constatou-se que o número de embriões nas ninhadas foi de 7 a 9 e seus tamanhos oscilaram ent re 768-812 mm. O comprimento do menor jovem livre encontrado foi de 697 mm, sendo que jovens de presumivelmente 9 a 12 meses têm de 98 a 112 cm; entre 21 e 24 meses alcançam 124 a 128 cm, ou seja, os tamanhos que apresentam quando emigram para mar aberto. Não ficou confirmado o fenômeno da inibição alimentar nas fêmeas capturadas, já observado em genetrizes da mesma espécie durante o período de parição no delta do Mississippi. O conteúdo estomacal apresentou, por ordem decrescente de abundância: Arius spixii (13); Chloroscombrus chrysurus (7); A. grandicassus (6); A. barbus (4); Felichtys marinus (3); Genidens genide ns (2); Chanophorus tajacica (2); Carcharhinus porosus (2); Conodon nobilis, Caranx crysos, scomberomorus maculatus, Sphyrna tiburo, Rhinoptera brasiliensis, Dasyatis americana, Diapterus rhombeus (1), além de cerca de 25/30 exemplares de Callinectes sp.

Notes on the Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas in the lagoon region of Cananéia, Brazil

V. Sadowsky

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo

SYNOPSIS

Ninety one young specimens and 3 adult females of BulI shark ("cação cabeça chata") caught in the lagoon region of Cananéia were examined, their tooth formula being 27/25 and the number of pre-caudal vertebrae ranging from 109 to 115. The proportion between the 1st and 2nd dorsal fins were found to be 2.3 and 2.8 for the young,and 2.9 to 3.1 for the adults. These data confirm that the studied form belongs to C. leuoas. Young occur regularly but in limited numbers.As regards the adults, however, females only appear during the short parturition period, i.e., from November to February. The number of embryos in the litters were from 7 to 9, their sizes ranging between 768-812 mm. The length of the smallest free young found was 697 mm, but young presumably 9 to 12 months old had 98 to 112 cm; between 21 and 24 months they were reaching 124 to 128 cm, that is, the same size they have when they start migrating to the open sea. The feeding inhibition phenomenon during the period of parturition was not observed in the female specimens caught in the lagoon.

The more abundant species found in the stomach contents were: Arius spixii; Chloroscombrus chrysurus; A. grandicassus; A. barbus; Felichtys marinus; Genidens genidens; Chanophorus tajacica and Carcharhinus porosus.

RESUMO

Noventa e um espécimes jovens e 3 fêmeas adultas de "cação cabeça chata" capturados na região lagunar de Cananeia foram examinados, constatando-se a fórmula dental 27/25 e número de vértebras pré-caudais entre 109 e 115.Verificouse que as proporções entre a la. nadadeira dorsal e a 2a. foram de 2.3 e 2.8 para os jovens e de 2.9 até 3.1 para os adultos.Ficou assim confirmado que a forma es tudada pertence a C. leuaas. É comum a ocorrência de jovens dentro da região estudada~ no entanto,quanto aos adultos,as fêmeas só são encontradas durante o período de parição, i.é, de novembro a fevereiro. Constatou-se que o número de embriões nas ninhadas foi de 7 a 9 e seus tamanhos oscilaram ent re 768-812 mm. O comprimento do menor jovem livre encontrado foi de 697 mm, sendo que jovens de presumivelmente 9 a 12 meses têm de 98 a 112 cm; entre 21 e 24 meses alcançam 124 a 128 cm, ou seja, os tamanhos que apresentam quando emigram para mar aberto. Não ficou confirmado o fenômeno da inibição alimentar nas fêmeas capturadas, já observado em genetrizes da mesma espécie durante o período de parição no delta do Mississippi. O conteúdo estomacal apresentou, por ordem decrescente de abundância: Arius spixii (13); Chloroscombrus chrysurus (7); A. grandicassus (6); A. barbus (4); Felichtys marinus (3); Genidens genide ns (2); Chanophorus tajacica (2); Carcharhinus porosus (2); Conodon nobilis, Caranx crysos, scomberomorus maculatus, Sphyrna tiburo, Rhinoptera brasiliensis, Dasyatis americana, Diapterus rhombeus (1), além de cerca de 25/30 exemplares de Callinectes sp.

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REFERENCES

BACKUS, R. H., SPRINGER, S. & ARNOLD Jr., E. L. 1956. A contribution to the natural history of the white-tip shark, Pterolamiops longimanus (Poey). Deep Sea Res., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 178-188.

BARCELLOS, B.N. 1962. Nomes comuns dos peixes da costa do Rio Grande do Sul e seus correspondentes em sistemática. Bolm Inst. Cienc. nat., no. 15, p. 7-20.

BAUGHMAN, J. & SPRINGER, S. 1950. Biological and economic notes on the sharks of the Gulf of Mexico, with special reference to those of Texas, and with a key for their identification. Am. Midl.Nat., vol. 44, no. 1, p. 96-152.

BIGELOW, H. & SCHROEDER, W. 1948. Sharks. In: Fishes of the western North Atlantic . Mem. Sears Found. mar. Res., Part I, p. 59-576.

CLARK, E. & SCHMIDT, K. 1965. Sharks of the central Gulf coast of Florida. Bull. mar. Sc., vol. 15, no. 1, p. 13-82.

D'AUBREY, J. 1964. Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Investl Rep., no. 8, p. 1-95.

______ 1965. Sharks of the family Carcharhinidae of the South West Indian Ocean. Bull. South African Ass. mar. Biol. Res., no. 5, p. 22-26.

FOURMANOIR, P. 1961. Requins de la côte ouest de Madagascar. Mem.Inst. scient. Madagasgar, ser. F, 4, p. 3-81.

______ 1963. Complement et correction concernant les requins de la côte ouest de Madagasgar. Cah. ORSTOM, Océanogr., no. 6, p. 57-58.

______ 1965. Liste complementaire des poissons marins de Nha-Trang. Cah. ORSTOM, Océanogr., no. spéciel, p. 1-114.

GERLACH, S. 1958. Die Mangroveregion tropischer Küsten ala Lebensraum. Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere, vol. 46, p. 636-730.

JAKOBI, H. & SOUZA, E. A. de 1968. Contribuição ao conhecimento da pesca no Paraná. Bolm Univ. Fed. Paraná, Zool, vol. 2, no. 14, p. 329-358.

KREFFT, G. 1968. Knorpelfische (Chondrichthyes) aus dem tropischem Ostatlantik. Atlantide Rep., vol. 10, p. 33-76.

LEMA, T. de 1963. Resultados ictiológicos da la. campanha oceanográfica do Museu Rio-Grandense de Ciências Naturais. Iheringia, Zool., no.30, p.1-56.

SADOWSKY, V. 1967. Selachier aus dem Litoral von São Paulo, Brasilien.Beitr. neotrop. Fauna, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 71-88.

______ 1968. On the measurement of the total length of sharks. Zoolo Anl., vol 181, no. 3/4, p. 197-199.

SCHWARTZ, F. 1961. Additional comments on adult bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, (Müller & Henle), from Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Chuapeake Sci. ,vol. 1, no. 1, p. 68-71.

SMITH, J. 1952. Carcharhinus sambezensis Peters, 1852, with notei on other chondrichthyan fishes. Ann. Mag. nato Hist., volt 12, no. 5, p. 837-863.

SPRINGER, S. 1940. The sex ratio and seasonal distribution of soma Florida sharks. Copeia, no. 3, p. 188-194.

______ 1960. Natural history of the sandbar shark, Eulamia milberti. Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl Serv. U.S., vol. 61, no. 178, p. 1-38.

______ 1963. Field ohservations on large sharks of the Florida - Caribbean region. In: GILBERT, P.W. ed.- Sharks and survival. Boston, Heatn & Co., p. 95-113.

______ & GARRICK, J. 1964. A survey of vertebral numbers in sharks. Proc. U.S. natn Mus., vol. 116, p. 73-96.

STEFFENS, F. & D'AUBREY, J. 1967. Regression analysis as an aid to shark taxonomy. Oceanogr. Res. Inst. Investl Rep., no. 18. p. 3-16.

THORSON, T., WATSON, D. & COWAN, C. 1966. The satatus, of the freshwater shark of Lake Nicaragua. Copeia, no. 3, p. 385-402.

______, COWAN, C. & WATSON, D. 1966. Sharks and sawfish in the Lake Isabal-Rio Dulce system, Guatemala. Copeia, no. 3, p. 620-622.

XIMENEZ, I. 1962. Notas sobre elasmobranquios. Cuadro sistematico y sinonímico provisional de los selaceos de la costa uruguaya. Rvta. Inst. Invest. pesq., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 35-44.

(Received 5/6/1971)

BACKUS, R. H., SPRINGER, S. & ARNOLD Jr., E. L. 1956. A contribution to the natural history of the white-tip shark, Pterolamiops longimanus (Poey). Deep Sea Res., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 178-188.
BARCELLOS, B.N. 1962. Nomes comuns dos peixes da costa do Rio Grande do Sul e seus correspondentes em sistemática. Bolm Inst. Cienc. nat., no. 15, p. 7-20.
BAUGHMAN, J. & SPRINGER, S. 1950. Biological and economic notes on the sharks of the Gulf of Mexico, with special reference to those of Texas, and with a key for their identification. Am. Midl.Nat., vol. 44, no. 1, p. 96-152.
BIGELOW, H. & SCHROEDER, W. 1948. Sharks. In: Fishes of the western North Atlantic .
Mem. Sears Found. mar. Res., Part I, p. 59-576.
CLARK, E. & SCHMIDT, K. 1965. Sharks of the central Gulf coast of Florida. Bull. mar. Sc., vol. 15, no. 1, p. 13-82.
D'AUBREY, J. 1964. Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Investl Rep., no. 8, p. 1-95.
______ 1965. Sharks of the family Carcharhinidae of the South West Indian Ocean. Bull. South African Ass. mar. Biol. Res., no. 5, p. 22-26.
FOURMANOIR, P. 1961. Requins de la côte ouest de Madagascar. Mem.Inst. scient. Madagasgar, ser. F, 4, p. 3-81.
______ 1963. Complement et correction concernant les requins de la côte ouest de Madagasgar. Cah. ORSTOM, Océanogr., no. 6, p. 57-58.
______ 1965. Liste complementaire des poissons marins de Nha-Trang. Cah. ORSTOM, Océanogr., no. spéciel, p. 1-114.
GERLACH, S. 1958. Die Mangroveregion tropischer Küsten ala Lebensraum. Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere, vol. 46, p. 636-730.
JAKOBI, H. & SOUZA, E. A. de 1968. Contribuição ao conhecimento da pesca no Paraná. Bolm Univ. Fed. Paraná, Zool, vol. 2, no. 14, p. 329-358.
KREFFT, G. 1968. Knorpelfische (Chondrichthyes) aus dem tropischem Ostatlantik. Atlantide Rep., vol. 10, p. 33-76.
LEMA, T. de 1963. Resultados ictiológicos da la. campanha oceanográfica do Museu Rio-Grandense de Ciências Naturais. Iheringia, Zool., no.30, p.1-56.
SADOWSKY, V. 1967. Selachier aus dem Litoral von São Paulo, Brasilien.Beitr. neotrop. Fauna, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 71-88.
______ 1968. On the measurement of the total length of sharks. Zoolo Anl., vol 181, no. 3/4, p. 197-199.
SCHWARTZ, F. 1961. Additional comments on adult bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, (Müller & Henle), from Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Chuapeake Sci. ,vol. 1, no. 1, p. 68-71.
SMITH, J. 1952. Carcharhinus sambezensis Peters, 1852, with notei on other chondrichthyan fishes. Ann. Mag. nato Hist., volt 12, no. 5, p. 837-863.
SPRINGER, S. 1940. The sex ratio and seasonal distribution of soma Florida sharks. Copeia, no. 3, p. 188-194.
______ 1960. Natural history of the sandbar shark, Eulamia milberti Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl Serv. U.S., vol. 61, no. 178, p. 1-38.
______ 1963. Field ohservations on large sharks of the Florida - Caribbean region. In: GILBERT, P.W. ed.- Sharks and survival. Boston, Heatn & Co., p. 95-113.
______ & GARRICK, J. 1964. A survey of vertebral numbers in sharks. Proc. U.S. natn Mus., vol. 116, p. 73-96.
STEFFENS, F. & D'AUBREY, J. 1967. Regression analysis as an aid to shark taxonomy. Oceanogr. Res. Inst. Investl Rep., no. 18. p. 3-16.
THORSON, T., WATSON, D. & COWAN, C. 1966. The satatus, of the freshwater shark of Lake Nicaragua. Copeia, no. 3, p. 385-402.
______, COWAN, C. & WATSON, D. 1966. Sharks and sawfish in the Lake Isabal-Rio Dulce system, Guatemala. Copeia, no. 3, p. 620-622.
XIMENEZ, I. 1962. Notas sobre elasmobranquios. Cuadro sistematico y sinonímico provisional de los selaceos de la costa uruguaya. Rvta. Inst. Invest. pesq., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 35-44.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
12 June 2012
Date of issue
1971

History

Received
05 June 1971

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BACKUS, R. H., SPRINGER, S. & ARNOLD Jr., E. L. 1956. A contribution to the natural history of the white-tip shark, Pterolamiops longimanus (Poey). Deep Sea Res., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 178-188.

[2] BARCELLOS, B.N. 1962. Nomes comuns dos peixes da costa do Rio Grande do Sul e seus correspondentes em sistemática. Bolm Inst. Cienc. nat., no. 15, p. 7-20.

[3] BAUGHMAN, J. & SPRINGER, S. 1950. Biological and economic notes on the sharks of the Gulf of Mexico, with special reference to those of Texas, and with a key for their identification. Am. Midl.Nat., vol. 44, no. 1, p. 96-152.

[4] BIGELOW, H. & SCHROEDER, W. 1948. Sharks. In: Fishes of the western North Atlantic .

[5] Mem. Sears Found. mar. Res., Part I, p. 59-576.

[6] CLARK, E. & SCHMIDT, K. 1965. Sharks of the central Gulf coast of Florida. Bull. mar. Sc., vol. 15, no. 1, p. 13-82.

[7] D'AUBREY, J. 1964. Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., Investl Rep., no. 8, p. 1-95.

[8] ______ 1965. Sharks of the family Carcharhinidae of the South West Indian Ocean. Bull. South African Ass. mar. Biol. Res., no. 5, p. 22-26.

[9] FOURMANOIR, P. 1961. Requins de la côte ouest de Madagascar. Mem.Inst. scient. Madagasgar, ser. F, 4, p. 3-81.

[10] ______ 1963. Complement et correction concernant les requins de la côte ouest de Madagasgar. Cah. ORSTOM, Océanogr., no. 6, p. 57-58.

[11] ______ 1965. Liste complementaire des poissons marins de Nha-Trang. Cah. ORSTOM, Océanogr., no. spéciel, p. 1-114.

[12] GERLACH, S. 1958. Die Mangroveregion tropischer Küsten ala Lebensraum. Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere, vol. 46, p. 636-730.

[13] JAKOBI, H. & SOUZA, E. A. de 1968. Contribuição ao conhecimento da pesca no Paraná. Bolm Univ. Fed. Paraná, Zool, vol. 2, no. 14, p. 329-358.

[14] KREFFT, G. 1968. Knorpelfische (Chondrichthyes) aus dem tropischem Ostatlantik. Atlantide Rep., vol. 10, p. 33-76.

[15] LEMA, T. de 1963. Resultados ictiológicos da la. campanha oceanográfica do Museu Rio-Grandense de Ciências Naturais. Iheringia, Zool., no.30, p.1-56.

[16] SADOWSKY, V. 1967. Selachier aus dem Litoral von São Paulo, Brasilien.Beitr. neotrop. Fauna, vol. 5, no. 2, p. 71-88.

[17] ______ 1968. On the measurement of the total length of sharks. Zoolo Anl., vol 181, no. 3/4, p. 197-199.

[18] SCHWARTZ, F. 1961. Additional comments on adult bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, (Müller & Henle), from Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Chuapeake Sci. ,vol. 1, no. 1, p. 68-71.

[19] SMITH, J. 1952. Carcharhinus sambezensis Peters, 1852, with notei on other chondrichthyan fishes. Ann. Mag. nato Hist., volt 12, no. 5, p. 837-863.

[20] SPRINGER, S. 1940. The sex ratio and seasonal distribution of soma Florida sharks. Copeia, no. 3, p. 188-194.

[21] ______ 1960. Natural history of the sandbar shark, Eulamia milberti Fishery Bull. Fish Wildl Serv. U.S., vol. 61, no. 178, p. 1-38.

[22] ______ 1963. Field ohservations on large sharks of the Florida - Caribbean region. In: GILBERT, P.W. ed.- Sharks and survival. Boston, Heatn & Co., p. 95-113.

[23] ______ & GARRICK, J. 1964. A survey of vertebral numbers in sharks. Proc. U.S. natn Mus., vol. 116, p. 73-96.

[24] STEFFENS, F. & D'AUBREY, J. 1967. Regression analysis as an aid to shark taxonomy. Oceanogr. Res. Inst. Investl Rep., no. 18. p. 3-16.

[25] THORSON, T., WATSON, D. & COWAN, C. 1966. The satatus, of the freshwater shark of Lake Nicaragua. Copeia, no. 3, p. 385-402.

[26] ______, COWAN, C. & WATSON, D. 1966. Sharks and sawfish in the Lake Isabal-Rio Dulce system, Guatemala. Copeia, no. 3, p. 620-622.

[27] XIMENEZ, I. 1962. Notas sobre elasmobranquios. Cuadro sistematico y sinonímico provisional de los selaceos de la costa uruguaya. Rvta. Inst. Invest. pesq., vol. 1, no. 1, p. 35-44.