Considering the great extension and the diversity of environmental conditions of the Brazilian coast, the study of the fauna of well-delimited regions seems to be advisable, as is the case of the region under study, namely the Bay of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil (from 23º58'S to 24º02'S; from 45º19'W to 46º24'W). This paper comprises part of a long-term program aiming at the ecological study of the ichthyological fauna of the Bay of Santos, which was initiated by the ichthyofauna of the region (1st part). The present series begins with the Scianidae since this is the family with a greater number of species represented in the region. As many as 21 species of 15 Sciaenidae genus recorded for the Brazilian waters, 9 occur in the Bay of Santos, represented by 12 species. Keys are given for the genus and species and also a brief description of the species, ecological notes for those recorded in Brazilian waters, drawings and photos.
