thematic category: Plagiarism
|
Vasconcelos S, Leta J, Costa L, Pinto A,
Sorenson MM 18
|
Discussing plagiarism in Latin American
science. Brazilian researchers begin to address an ethical
issue |
To check the conception of plagiarism among
Brazilian scientists |
Qualitative research. Procedures: 2 focal
groups, including 16 researchers from different areas of
knowledge |
1) The concept of plagiarism is not clear to
the researchers 2) Plagiarism is a sensitive issue that is
still not properly discussed and specific guidelines are
almost inexistent in Latin-American institutions |
1) The theme must be introduced in the
process of academic training 2) There is a need for the
design of specific guidelines to orient specific
institutional policies in Brazil and in Latin-America |
Berlinck RGS 22
|
The academic plagiarism and its punishments:
A review |
Introduce the concept of plagiarism, its
implications, consequences and possible penalties |
Not mentioned |
1) The concept of plagiarism is complex and
must be understood from its historical-cultural integration
2) Teachers must introduce the early discussion on the
theme, including notions of authorship and authenticity of
sources |
Early discussion of the theme in the process
of academic training, including issues related to early
detection and possible penalties |
Author(s)
|
Title of the article
|
Objective(s)
|
Methods
|
Evidence produced
|
Applicability and/or recommendations
|
Krokoscz M 24
|
Abordagem do plágio nas três melhores
universidades de cada um dos cinco continentes e do
Brasil |
1) Identify and analyze the approaches to
plagiarism adopted in these institutions 2) Compare the
approaches of the world's best universities with the
approaches of the best Brazilian universities 3) Present
proposals to combat plagiarism in Brazil |
Documentary descriptive research |
1) Presentation of comparative data on
plagiarism in the five continents and the three best
Brazilian universities 2) Systematization of information
about plagiarism: a) Institutional hotsite
with exclusive content on plagiarism; b) institutional
policy on plagiarism; c) Availability of guides, manuals
and/or official documents on the subject; d) academic
integrity committee, disciplinary committee, inquiry
committee etc. 3) Adoption of preventive, diagnostic and
corrective measures. |
1) The confrontation of plagiarism should
include a set of actions and strategies of training and
capacity building 2) Adoption of a formative approach for
the promotion of scientific culture of integrity 3)
Elaboration and adoption of institutional policies for the
prevention of plagiarism 4)Introduction of the theme and
specific strategies to minimize this problem |
Watanabe EH 30
|
A não linearidade entre a reação de quem
copia e de quem é copiado |
To present some measures taken within
Coppe/UFRJ to prevent plagiarism and certain correlated
problems |
No specific scientific method was adopted.
Experience and record along the years |
Discussion on the following aspects: a)
declaration of non-infringement of third party rights; b)
important definitions; c) Ordinance 13/2006 by Capes; d)
inclusion of parts copied from others or from the author
himself; e) interesting examples of copyright
violations |
Construction of a culture of plagiarism
prevention, adopting the following actions: a) raise
awareness of the need to respect the copyrights of others;
b) indicate the authorship of material published (published
or not) when using quotes, third-party ideas; c) obtain
permission from the copyright owners when using copyrighted
material; d) end the culture of “copy and paste”; e) comply
with Articles 297-299 of the Brazilian Penal Code (Código
Penal Brasileiro) |
thematic category: Authorship conflicts and
plagiarism
|
Silva OSF 16
|
Entre o plágio e a autoria: qual o papel da
universidade? |
To reflect on authorship, authorship
conflicts and plagiarism |
Qualitative research with 20 language
undergraduate students taking a semi-presential course |
1) The interface to technology allows the use
of virtual hypertext as the main source of information 2)
Ease of access predisposes students to use third party
material as their own 3) The constitution of authorship
should be seen as an exercise of autonomy and awareness of
the other |
1) It is necessary to broaden the discussion
on the subject of authorship and plagiarism in academic
context 2) There is the need to promote actions to minimize
the occurrence of this problem in the academic
environment |
THEMATIC CATEGORY: AUTHORSHIP CONFLICTS
|
Author(s)
|
Title of the article
|
Objective(s)
|
Methods
|
Evidence produced
|
Applicability and/or recommendations
|
Grieger MCA 12
|
Authorship: An ethical dilemma of
science |
1) To review articles in the literature
regarding misconduct in authorship: its types, causes,
consequences and ethical guidelines 2) To propose
alternatives for ethical commitment in scientific
publications |
Narrative review |
1) Frequent types of misconduct are cases of
ghost-writer and shared and redundant publications 2) The
main causes of these practices are the pressure to publish
and the desire for social and professional mobility 3) These
practices are still present despite the criteria defined by
the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
(ICMJE) |
Academic institutions, research funding
agencies, regulatory agencies and professional associations
should establish assessment policies on the quality of
publications and adherence to ethical principles of
scientific research |
Grieger MCA 15
|
Escritores-fantasma e comércio de trabalhos
científicos na internet: a ciência em risco |
To analyze the trade of scientific papers and
how these services are offered |
Exploratory study. Analysis of 18 internet
sites that offer services of elaboration of scientific
articles, monographs, dissertations and theses |
1) Ten enterprises accepted the order and,
except for one, they did not object to the conditions
imposed: Field research, approval by a research ethics
committee (REC) and the use of the Vancouver norms. Six did
not reply and two did not accept the order alleging that
they have no staff available 2) The trade of scientific
papers is a fact which can negatively interfere in the
ethical, scientific and professional development of
undergraduate and graduate students, as well as in
scientific production by adulterating data and information
from the literature |
Necessity to develop reliable strategies for
assessment of final projects and monographs |
Garcia CC, Martrucelli CRN, Rossilho MMF,
Denardin OVP 20
|
Autoria em artigos científicos: os novos
desafios |
To reflect on criteria for authorship
attribution, the reasons for the growth of co-authorship
rates and the challenges of establishing authorship in
electronic journals |
Literature review and case study
(database) |
1) There are strategies to avoid misconduct
regarding the authorship attribution from affecting the
credibility of science 2) Bad behaviors in relation to
authorship are: guest, pressured and ghost authoring and
co-authoring |
1) Disseminated practices such as a guest,
pressured or ghost authoring must be fought 2) Journals
should require transparency on the contribution of each of
the co-authors |
Author(s)
|
Title of the article
|
Objective(s)
|
Methods
|
Evidence produced
|
Applicability and/or recommendations
|
thematic category: Brazilian rules and
guidelines
|
Fernandes MR, Queiroz MCCAM, Moraes MR,
Barbosa MA, Souza ALL23
|
Padrões éticos adotados pelas revistas
científicas brasileiras das especialidades médicas |
To analyze ethical standards in the
guidelines for authors of Brazilian scientific journals of
various medical specialties and to investigate the
standardization available |
Exploratory study performed on the Health
Sciences Portal of BVS (Portal de Ciências da Saúde
da BVS). 95 journals were included |
Of the journals analyzed: a) 80% referred to
the approval of the study by a REC; b) 43.15% mentioned the
Declaration of Helsinki and informed consent; c) 32.63%
reported uniform requirements; d) 15.78% reported protection
of confidentiality; e) 9.47% made no mention of ethical
aspects to submit articles; f) 90% mentioned ethical aspects
for article submission. |
The Brazilian scientific journals should
improve the requirements for submission and review of
articles in order to ensure the quality and reliability of
the results presented |
Guerriero ICZ, Minayo MCS 26
|
O desafio de revisar aspectos éticos das
pesquisas em ciências sociais e humanas: a necessidade de
diretrizes específicas |
Question the undue standardization of ethical
procedures focused on research in the social sciences and
humanities |
Narrative review |
Brazilian regulations on research ethics are
inadequate to assess the research projects from the social
sciences and humanities |
The need to discuss the specificity of ethics
in research in social sciences and humanities |
Author(s)
|
Title of the article
|
Objective(s)
|
Methods
|
Evidence produced
|
Applicability and/or recommendations
|
Malafaia G, Guilhem D, Talvani A
28
|
Do Brazilian scientific journals promote the
adherence of Chagas disease researchers to international
ethical principles? |
To examine the ethical aspects of
publications on Chagas disease in the 1966-2010 period and
the policies adopted for publication by Brazilian medical
journals |
Exploratory study conducted in the SciELO
database |
1) Of the 158 articles analyzed, 58.9% did
not mention the ethical aspects used in the study 2) Among
the 25 evaluated journals, only 13 clearly indicated the
ethical aspects required for publication of articles |
Brazilian scientific journals should improve
the ethical requirements for submission and review articles
in order to adapt to the Brazilian guidelines on ethics in
research involving human subjects |
Russo M 29
|
Ética e integridade na ciência: da
responsabilidade do cientista à responsabilidade
coletiva |
To show that issues on ethics and integrity
in research must be addressed both from the discussion on
the responsibility of the scientist as from the collective
responsibility |
Narrative review |
Three questions were designed to support the
discussion on the subject: a) “We are less ethical and less
righteous than our ancestors?”; b) “What values are coupled
to scientific work and publication today?”; c) “Watch,
punish, prevent or transform? Where are we and where do we
want to go?” |
1) It is necessary to resume values in
scientific practice as a form of opposition to the impulse
of fraud 2) Responsibility emerges as a possibility which
will direct one's own scientific research toward ethics |
THEMATIC CATEGORY: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
|
Alves EMO, Tubino P 14
|
Conflito de interesses em pesquisa
clínica |
To reflect on issues related to conflicts of
interest in clinical research |
Not mentioned |
1) Conflicts of interest are common and
inevitable in academic life 2) The challenge is not to
eradicate them, but their recognition allows managing them
properly |
1) All research involving human subjects
should be evaluated by ethics review committees; 2) The
results of the studies must meet the standards for the
management of conflicts of interest proposed by the
ICMJE |
Camargo Jr KR 17
|
Public health and the knowledge industry |
To examine issues related to the interface
between public health and the knowledge industry |
Not mentioned |
1) There is an industry of knowledge that
confers powers to the countries, institutions and
researchers 2) Often the knowledge is linked to marketing as
a way to allow their sale to possible bidders |
Production and distribution of knowledge
should be addressed as a strategic component of public
health |
Author(s)
|
Title of the article
|
Objective(s)
|
Methods
|
Evidence produced
|
Applicability and/or recommendations
|
Souza RP, Rapoport A, Dedivitis RA, Cernea
CR, Brandão LG 27
|
Conflitos de interesse na pesquisa
médico-farma-cológica |
To reflect on issues related to conflicts of
interest in medical and pharmacological research |
Not mentioned |
1) Research conducted with funding from the
pharmaceutical industry have higher proportion of favorable
results 2) Conflicts of interest represent biases that may
affect results |
1) Transparency in the declaration of
conflicts of interest involved in research 2) Contribute to
rigorous analysis of clinical research projects, which
should be reviewed by ethics review committees |
THEMATIC CATEGORY: Perception of scientific
integrity
|
Santana CC 21
|
O tema da integridade científica nas
pós-graduações em saúde no Brasil |
To know the concern of health graduate
programs about the theme of research integrity |
Exploratory study through research in 126
pages of Brazilian programs in the field of health |
1) There is still no concern over the issue
of integrity in research in most health graduate programs in
the country 2) Scientific honesty is still not a priority in
educational institutions |
Educational institutions and the scientific
community should assume a fundamental role in the formation
of ethically responsible research |
Schmitz PD, Menezes M, Lins L
25
|
Percepção de integridade científica para o
estudante de medicina |
1) To understand the perception of the
medical student on scientific integrity 2) To discuss the
need to address the issue in the training of ethically
responsible research 3) To clarify the importance of
educational practices aimed ethics education the formation
of students |
Qualitative Study. Thematic analysis
technique. Procedure: semi-structured interview |
1) the need for more effective approach was
evident on the REC / ERC System 2) The subject of scientific
integrity seems to be little discussed in the academic
environment, which can lead to the practice of misconduct in
scientific production, for lack of recognition of these
behaviors by students |
1) Theoretical and practical strategies for
the scientific integrity of education must be adopted in the
medical curriculum 2) The issue must be introduced early in
the academic process |
Author(s)
|
Title of the article
|
Objective(s)
|
Methods
|
Evidence produced
|
Applicability and/or recommendations
|
THEMATIC CATEGORY: Rules and guidelines of the
editorial process
|
Gollogly L, Momen H 13
|
Ethical dilemmas in scientific publication:
Pitfalls and solutions for editors |
To provide definitions, ways to document the
extent of the problem and examples of initiatives to contain
editorial fraud |
Not mentioned |
1) Common problems of misconduct in science
are: manufacturing, falsification, duplication, ghost
authorship, gift authorship, lack of ethics in the approval
of manuscripts, non disclosure of these facts, “salami”
(fractionated) publication, conflicts of interest,
self-citation, duplicate submission and publication as well
as plagiarism 2) Editorial misconduct includes failure to
follow the due process, delay in decision making and
communication with the authors, failure to review and
confusion of the contents of a journal with their
promotional and advertising potential |
1) Editors take privileged positions in the
process of promoting appropriate practices for publication
2) Journals should adopt clear ethical guidelines about the
procedures adopted for publication |
Tavares-Neto J, Azevêdo ES 19
|
Destaques éticos nos periódicos nacionais das
áreas médicas |
To evaluate existing ethical highlights in
the instructions to authors of national journals jointly
cited by the four medical areas of Capes and qualified
nationally as “A” internationally as “I”. |
Exploratory study. Procedures: analysis if
the instructions to authors of 20 national journals |
1) Regarding research ethics, 50% of the
analyzed the journals require that the study has been
approved by a research ethics committee 2) Regarding
scientific integrity, 55% of the journal require
declarations of conflict of interest. However, all (100%)
Periodicals are silent as to the verification of conflicts
of interest between authors and reviewers, as well as the
prevention of fraud, plagiarism and manufacturing data 3)
About editorial policies, 65% of the journals require the
copyright to be transferred to them and the rest (35%) do
not mention the subject |
The prevention of scientific dishonesty must
be a responsibility shared by researchers, funding agencies,
educational institutions, scientific journals and the
society in general |