Diet selenium improves the antioxidant defense system of juveniles Nile tilapia ( <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> L.)

Durigon, E. G.; Kunz, D. F.; Peixoto, N. C.; Uczay, J.; Lazzari, R.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.187760

Brasil

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 79 (3) • Jul-Sep 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.187760 linkcopy

Diet selenium improves the antioxidant defense system of juveniles Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus L.)

Selênio na dieta melhora o sistema de defesa antioxidante de juvenis de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

From the advancement of tilapia production in recent years, diets are sought that allow the maximum growth, improving health and fish quality. In this study growth, biochemical, hematological and oxidative parameters were evaluated of tilapia fed with increasing selenium levels: 0.53, 0.86, 1.04 and 1.22 mg kg^-1. It was used 400 juveniles (initial weight = 36.51 ± 10.88 g), fed for six weeks. There was no effect of selenium on fish growth, biochemical and hematological parameters. In the oxidative parameters, there was an increase in non-protein thiols and a decrease in malondialdehyde levels, evidencing antioxidant effects of selenium. The diet selenium levels above 0.86 mg kg^-1 improved the antioxidant system and does not affect to biochemical, hematological and growth parameters of tilapia juveniles.

Keywords: health; Oreochromis niloticus; oxidative stress; performance; sodium selenite

Ingredients	Se_0.53	Se_0.86	Se_1.04	Se_1.22	Se (mg kg^-1)*
Soya meal (%)	40	40	40	40	0.18
Meat and bones meal (%)	30	30	30	30	0.11
Wheat meal (%)	15	15	15	15	0.05
Corn meal (%)	10	10	10	10	0.01
Soya oil (%)	3	3	3	3	0
Vitamins and minerals ^ Vitamin and mineral mix (guarantee levels per kg of product) - folic acid: 250 mg; pantothenic acid: 5,000 mg; antioxidant: 0.60 g; biotin: 125 mg; cobalt: 25 mg; copper: 2,000 mg; iron: 820 mg; iodine: 100 mg; manganese: 3,750 mg; niacin: 5,000 mg; selenium: 75 mg; vitamin A: 1,000,000 IU; vitamin E: 120 mg, vitamin B1: 1,250 mg; vitamin B12: 3,750 µg; vitamin B2: 2,500 mg; vitamin B6: 2,485 mg; vitamin D3: 500,000 UI; vitamin K: 500 mg; zinc: 17,500 mg. (%)	1	1	1	1	0
Selenite of sodium (mg kg-1) ^* ***** Addedsodium selenite in diets.	0.4	1.15	1.55	1.95	-
Selenium ^** ****** Selenium amount in diets considering the added selenium plus the amount of selenium estimated in the ingredients ( Rostagno, 2011 ). (mg kg-1)	0.53	0.86	1.04	1.22	-
Shell meal (%)	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0
NaCl (%)	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0
Lisin (%)	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0
Vitamin C (%)	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0

Variables	Levels of selenium (mg kg^-1 of diet)
Variables	0.53	0.86	1.04	1.22
Weight (g)	84.68 ± 8.22	75.14 ± 5.34	82.36 ± 5.71	82.16 ± 4.69
TL (cm)	17.75 ± 0.47	17.22 ± 0.34	16.88 ± 0.50	17.79 ± 0.28
SL (cm)	14.85 ± 0.30	14.48 ± 0.31	13.95 ± 0.47	15.01 ± 0.26
DWG (g)	1.33 ± 0.11	1.20 ± 0.07	1.29 ± 0.10	1.28 ± 0.09
SGR (%)	2.29 ± 0.16	2.33 ± 0.12	2.26 ± 0.14	2.25 ± 0.09
TWG (g)	46.63 ± 3.89	41.91 ± 2.47	45.00 ± 3.77	44.76 ± 3.38

Variables	Levels of selenium (mg kg^-1 of diet)				p
Variables	0.53	0.86	1.04	1.22	p
Hematocrit (%)	38.8 ± 6.11	36.77 ± 3.68	37.21 ± 3.89	39.77 ± 3.51	NS
Hemoglobin (g dL^-1)	7.41 ± 1.02	7.37 ± 0.97	7.46 ± 0.73	7.77 ± 0.92	NS
Eryhrocytes (x10⁶ µL^-1)	3.34 ± 1.05	2.03 ± 0.60 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	2.13 ± 0.71 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	2.31 ± 0.69 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	0.03
MCV (fL)	118.03 ± 25.67	195.13 ± 40.19 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	164.55 ± 37.50	180.03 ± 53.90 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	0.02
MCH (pg)	21.30 ± 4.60	33.59 ± 7.51 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	35.77 ± 8.88 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	36.23 ± 7.48 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	0.004
MCHC (%)	19.34 ± 1.24	19.96 ± 2.55	21.70 ± 3.26	20.62 ± 2.01	NS
Triglycerides (mg dL^-1)	60.91 ± 14.98	45.53 ± 12.52	52.28 ± 19.65	49.83 ± 8.83	NS
Cholesterol (mg dL^-1)	104.58 ± 21.06	104.95 ± 13.60	100.81 ± 22.31	104.47 ± 19.67	NS

Variables	Levels of selenium (mg kg^-1 of diet)				p
Variables	0.53	0.86	1.04	1.22	p
Liver
MDA	0.50 ± 0.03	0.57 ± 0.02	0.51 ± 0.04	0.44 ± 0.02	NS
NPSH	5.47 ± 0.87	8.03 ± 1.00	5.93 ± 0.42	5.44 ± 0.61	NS
Gills
MDA	2.26 ± 0.16	2.54 ± 0.13	1.76 ± 0.11 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	1.53 ± 0.08 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	0.0048
NPSH	160.07 ± 33.20	234.54 ± 38.30	303.73 ± 41.93 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	525.60 ± 63.82 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	0.0067
Muscle
MDA	0.57 ± 0.21	0.18 ± 0.02 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	0.13 ± 0.01 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	0.09 ± 0.006 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	0.02
NPSH	2246.77 ± 130.51	2495.54 ± 243.43	3223.24 ± 169.61 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	3177.04 ± 234.35 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	0.0002
Brain
NPSH	12.72 ± 2.50	19.28 ± 2.63 ^* * Significantly different from diet with 0.53 mg kg-1.	16.21 ± 1.79	14.10 ± 1.23	0.035

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[1] • Selenium of the ingredients used in the diet (mg kg^-1 in natural matter) based on Rostagno (2011) .

[TFN1] ^**
Vitamin and mineral mix (guarantee levels per kg of product) - folic acid: 250 mg; pantothenic acid: 5,000 mg; antioxidant: 0.60 g; biotin: 125 mg; cobalt: 25 mg; copper: 2,000 mg; iron: 820 mg; iodine: 100 mg; manganese: 3,750 mg; niacin: 5,000 mg; selenium: 75 mg; vitamin A: 1,000,000 IU; vitamin E: 120 mg, vitamin B1: 1,250 mg; vitamin B12: 3,750 µg; vitamin B2: 2,500 mg; vitamin B6: 2,485 mg; vitamin D3: 500,000 UI; vitamin K: 500 mg; zinc: 17,500 mg.

[TFN2] ^***
Addedsodium selenite in diets.

[TFN3] ^****
Selenium amount in diets considering the added selenium plus the amount of selenium estimated in the ingredients ( Rostagno, 2011 ).