<i>Astragalus grahamianus</i> extract: a novel source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities

Khan, M. W.; Khan, R. A.; Ahmad, M.; Alkreathy, H. M.; Mushtaq, N.; Alam, O.; Khan, M. I.; Ullah, A.; Khan, H. U.; Haq, N. U.; Khan, W. R.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.281217

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 84 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.281217 copy

Astragalus grahamianus extract: a novel source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities

Extrato de Astragalus grahamianus: uma nova fonte de compostos bioativos com atividades antioxidantes e neuroprotetoras

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The Astragalus grahamianus (AG) Royle ex. Benth is traditionally used for the treatment of various human disorders. The current research work is aimed to explore the neuroprotective anti-Parkinson effects of various fractions of Astragalus grahamianus (A. grahamianus).

Fine powder of Astragalus grahamianus was extracted with 70% methanol and then fractionated with various solvents on the basis of polarity. Standard protocols were used to investigate the bioactive constituents present in the various plant fractions. In-vitro antioxidant potential of various fractions was checked using diverse free radicals. In-vivo rats model was used to determined the neuroprotective effects of methanol fraction of A. grahamianus.

The results revealed that various fractions of A. grahamianus contain flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, gums, terpenes, proteins, and carbohydrates except chloroform fraction lake the presence of steroids, cardiac glycosides, gums and saponins, aqueous fraction of steroids, terpenoids, gums and saponins, n-Hexane fraction steroids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, gums and flavonoids. The highest amount of total phenolic contents was found in AGME (32.67 ± 2.3 mg GAE / g). The AGME also showed enhanced free radicals cations potential against DPPH, ABTS and H₂O₂, respectively. The correlation between AOA (antioxidant activity) and TPC (total phenolic contents) revealed to be substantial. Relative R2 values for ABTS, H₂O₂, and DPPH activity are 0.9974, 0.9845, and 0.9678, respectively. The in-vivo neuroprotective activities showed significant results. Our findings highlight significant antioxidant, and neuroprotective possessions of AGME attributed to powerful bioactive compounds.

Keywords:
Astragalus grahamianus; total phenolic contents; memory dysfunction; pharmacological evaluation

Antioxidant Activities	R2 values of Phenolic contents
DPPH activity	0.9678*
ABTS activity	0.9974^* * The 'P' (two-tailed) value is indicated, with asterisks denoting significance and 'ns' denoting non-significance.
H₂O₂ activity	0.9845*

Control	On day 0	On day 7	On day 14	On day 21
Control	228.3 ± 6.5^a	229.8 ± 0.5^b	230 ± 0.3^b	230 ± 0.35^b
Rotenone	216.6 ± 4.7^a	211.6 ± 3.53^a	211 ± 3.5^a	206 ± 7.07^a
Rotenone+200 mg/kg L. carbidopa	230.5 ± 4.8^a	231.03 ± 0.7^b	233 ± 2.12^b	236 ± 4.24^b
Rotenone+ 200 mg/kg AGME1	219.8 ± 10.2^a	201 ± 1.4^a	216 ± 4.9^a	223 ± 15.53^b
Rotenone+400 mg/kg AGME2	225.9 ± 7.0^a	222.7 ± 2.3^b	226 ± 9.2^b	227 ± 29.1^b

Treatment	Cholesterol (mg/dl)	VLDL (mg/dl)	TG (mg/dl)	LDL (mg/dl)	HDL (mg/dl)
Rotenone	80.3 ± 4.8a	14.4 ± 2.8a	88.3 ± 5.9a	22.3 ± 0.1a	36.4 ± 2.9c
Rotenone+200 mg/kg	90.5 ± 3.5c	30.5 ± 2.4c	165.4 ± 4.4e	33.6 ± 3.2b	21.3 ± 5.7a
L. carbidopa	90.5 ± 3.5c	30.5 ± 2.4c	165.4 ± 4.4e	33.6 ± 3.2b	21.3 ± 5.7a
Rotenone+ 200 mg/kg AGME1	76.5 ± 4.4a	20.1 ± 1.5b	107.4 ± 5.5b	24.9 ± 2.4a	27.8 ± 7.0 b
Rotenone+400 mg/kg AGME2	79.9 ± 5.3a	19.9 ± 2.1b	88.8 ± 3.5b	24.7 ± 2.1a	37.8 ± 5.2c
Rotenone	86.9 ± 3.1b	20.4 ± 1.0b	114.1 ± 4.6a	17.8 ± 1.0a	53.8 ± 3.1d

Treatments	Urea (mg/dl)	Creatinine (mg/dl)
Rotenone	33.6 ± 1.6	0.58 ± .1
Rotenone+200 mg/kg	50.2 ± 4.2	1.50 ± .2
L. carbidopa	50.2 ± 4.2	1.50 ± .2
Rotenone+ 200 mg/kg AGME1	39.7 ± 2.4a	0.98 ± .2a
Rotenone+400 mg/kg AGME2	37.9 ± .9a	0.76 ± .2a
	33.7 ± 2.4a	0.54 ± .0a

Groups	SOD (U Min/mg protein)	CAT (U Min/mg protein)	GSH nMol/mL)	MDA (µMol/mg protein)
Control	14.2 ± 0.6++	16.7 ± 0.5++	9.9 ±0.3++	19.6 ±1.0++
5 mg/kg Rotenone	8.4 ± 0.3**	9.7 ± 0.6**	5.6±0.5**	38.6 ±0.4**
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg levodopa carbidopa	13.7 ± 0.7++	15.9 ± 0.7++	9.7±0.7++	20.7± 0.7++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg AGME1	12.8 ± 0.6++	12.3± 0.8++	7.5± 0.7++	25.5± 0.8++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +400 mg/kg AGME2	13.9± 0.3++	15.2± 0.5++	9.3±0.6++	19.3±0.6++

Groups	Escape latency (s)	Number of Crossing over target quadrant
Control	3.3 ± 0.5++	10.5 ± 0.2++
5 mg/kg Rotenone	11.3 ± 0.2**	3.0 ± 0.5**
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg L.carbidopa	4.7 ± 0.6++	8.3 ± 0.3++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg AGME1	6.5 ± 0.3++	6.3 ± 0.4++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +400 mg/kg AGME2	4.1 ± 0.4++	9.2 ± 0.2++

Groups	Normalize time (%)
Control	80.6++
5 mg/kg Rotenone	55.3**
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg L.carbidopa	78.7++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg AGME1	70.5++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +400 mg/kg AGME2	79.1++

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[1] *e-mail: rahmatgul_81@yahoo.com; khanwaseem@upm.edu.my