Efeitos de uma pequena barreira natural sobre a distribuição espacial da assembleia de peixes no rio Verde, bacia do alto rio Paraná, Brasil

Silva, J. C.; Gubiani, É. A.; Piana, P. A.; Delariva, R. L.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.01215

J. C. Silva

Programa de Pós-graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, CEP 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil

É. A. Gubiani ^**e-mail: egubiani@yahoo.com.br

Programa de Pós-graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, CEP 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil

Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Engenharia de Pesca, Grupo de Pesquisas em Recursos Pesqueiros e Limnologia, Instituto Neotropical de Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade, 645, Jardim La Salle, CEP 85903-000, Toledo, PR, Brazil

P. A. Piana

Programa de Pós-graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, CEP 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil

Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Pesqueiros e Engenharia de Pesca, Grupo de Pesquisas em Recursos Pesqueiros e Limnologia, Instituto Neotropical de Pesquisas Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Rua da Faculdade, 645, Jardim La Salle, CEP 85903-000, Toledo, PR, Brazil

R. L. Delariva

Programa de Pós-graduação em Conservação e Manejo de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, CEP 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil

Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, CEP 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil

*e-mail: egubiani@yahoo.com.br

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (4)

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Figure 1
Spatial location of sampling sites in the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Sampling sites were grouped according two biotopes: upstream (1-3) and downstream (4-6) of the Branca Waterfall.

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Figure 2
Results of t-test for independent samples comparing the abundance in number (a) and weight (b) of individuals (catch per unit of effort; CPUE), species richness (c) and evenness (d) between two biotopes: upstream (UBW) and downstream (DBW) of the Branca Waterfall in the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil, from November 2010 to February 2012. Average values of abundance, species richness and evenness for each biotope and their standard errors are displayed in each boxes.

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Figure 3
Scores of the axes (two dimensional solution: axis 1 and axis 2) of the nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) used for the analysis of spatial patterns, ordered by biotope: upstream (UBW) and downstream (DBW) of the Branca Waterfall, Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil, from November 2010 to February 2012.

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Table 1
Physical characteristics of the sampling sites in the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, mid-western Brazil.

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Table 2
Analysis of species indicator value, showing relative abundance (RA%), relative frequency (RF%), and indicator value (Indval) of each species in each biotope: upstream (UBW) and downstream of the Branca Waterfall (DBW), in the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil, from November 2010 to February 2012. Only the species with p < 0.05 in the Monte Carlo test are listed.

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Table 3
Environmental variables (mean ± standard deviation) for the two biotopes: upstream (UBW) and downstream of the Branca Waterfall (DBW), in the Verde River, Upper Paraná River Basin, Brazil, from November 2010 to February 2012.

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Voucher NUP Abundance - number of individuals (CPUE) by Biotope UBW DBW Class Chondrichthyes ORDER MYLIOBATIFORMES Family Potamotrygonidae Potamotrygon cf. falkneri Castex & Maciel, 1963 10918 0.05* Class Osteichthyes ORDER CHARACIFORMES Family Paradontidae Apareiodon affinis (Steindachner, 1879) 14457 0.11 0.16 Parodon nasus Kner, 1859 6194 0.85 0.53 Family Curimatidae Steindachnerina insculpta (Fernández-Yápez, 1948) 1424 0.11* Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889) 2372 0.05* Family Prochilodontidae Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) 6151 1.06 2.07 Family Anostomidae Leporinus sp. 0.05* Leporellus vittatus (Valenciennes, 1850) 1902 1.06 0.64 Leporinus amblyrhynchus Garavello & Britski, 1987 14468 0.21* Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1836) 277 10.7 15.2 Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794) 1180 27.59 41.36 Leporinus lacustris Campos, 1945 3308 0.11* Leporinus piavussu Britski, Birindelli & Garavello, 2012 14070 0.11 0.37 Leporinus octofasciatus Steindachner, 1915 11867 1.22 0.37 Leporinus striatus Kner, 1858 3810 0.16* Schizodon altoparanae Garavello & Britski, 1990 2020 0.48* Schizodon borellii (Boulenger, 1900) 1925 0.05 78.54 Schizodon nasutus Kner, 1858 2495 0.21* Family Characidae Astyanax aff. fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) 32 17 4.34 Astyanax aff. paranae Eigenmann, 1914 133 0.37* Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000 6149 20.87 16.21 Moenkhausia aff. intermedia Eigenmann, 1908 3208 0.11* Moenkhausia aff. sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907) 371 0.58 0.05 Piabina argentea Reinhardt, 1867 6209 0.05* Subfamily Salmininae Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier, 1816) 1865 3.23 1.85 Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, 1850 1893 0.69 0.26 Subfamily Bryconinae Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850) 12174 0.32 0.37 Subfamily Serrasalminae Myloplus tiete (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) 2484 2.81 0.16 Serrasalmus maculatus Kner, 1858 396 0.42* Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837 439 0.42* Subfamily Characinae Galeocharax knerii (Steindachner, 1879) 263 0.16 6.94 Roeboides descalvadensis Fowler, 1932 13601 0.53* Family Acestrorhynchidae Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Lütken, 1875) 14483 3.18 1.32 Family Cynodontidae Rhaphiodon vulpinus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 11153 1.17* Family Erythrinidae Erythrinus Erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 11197 0.11* Hoplias sp. 1 292 2.38 1.54 Hoplias sp. 2 3457 0.53 0.21 Hoplias sp. 3 3458 0.16* Family Hemiodontidae Hemiodus orthonops Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 10609 12.18* ORDER SILURIFORMES Family Callichthyidae Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus, 1758) 1722 0.05* Family Cetopsidae Cetopsis gobioides Kner, 1858 2476 0.11* Family Loricariidae Subfamily Ancistrinae Megalancistrus parananus (Peters, 1881) 9111 0.05* Subfamily Loricariinae Loricariichthys platymetopon Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 13632 0.26* Loricariichthys rostratus Reis & Pereira, 2000 4730 0.11* Rineloricaria latirostris (Boulenger, 1900) 13669 0.11 0.05 Rineloricaria sp. 0.05 0.05 Subfamily Hypostominae Hypostomus ancistroides (Ihering, 1911) 332 0.05* Hypostomus cf. cochliodon Kner, 1854 2556 2.86* Hypostomus margaritifer (Regan, 1908) 1766 0.05* Hypostomus microstomus Weber, 1987 1725 0.53 0.05 Hypostomus cf. nigromaculatus (Schubart, 1967) 12462 0.58 0.05 Hypostomus cf. regani (Ihering, 1905) 2286 1.85 0.37 Hypostomus cf. strigaticeps (Regan, 1908) 3190 2.54 0.95 Pterygoplichthys anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 1529 0.16* Family Heptapteridae Pimelodella avanhandavae Eigenmann, 1917 3455 0.05* Pimelodella gracilis (Valenciennes, 1835) 3118 0.16 1.48 Pimelodella sp. 0.11* Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) 2501 0.05* Family Pimelodidae Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (Valenciennes, 1840) 2506 3.23* Iheringichthys labrosus (Lütken, 1874) 671 0.42 0.64 Megalonema platanum (Günther, 1880) 1729 0.42* Pimelodus cf. argenteus Perugia, 1891 3230 0.11* Pimelodus maculatus La Cepède, 1803 420 0.05 0.32 Pimelodus microstoma Steindachner, 1877 14465 2.44 1.75 Pimelodus ornatus Kner, 1858 2492 0.16* Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix & Agassiz, 1829 523 0.05 0.9 Sorubim lima (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 2494 0.26* Family Doradidae Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes, 1821) 4722 0.21* Rhinodoras dorbignyi (Kner, 1855) 11151 0.32 0.11 Trachydoras paraguayensis (Eignmann & Ward, 1907) 9185 0.48* Family Auchenipteridae Auchenipterus osteomystax (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918) 2627 1.80* Tatia neivai (Ihering, 1930) 2080 0.69 0.05 Parauchenipterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) 3302 1.32* ORDER GYMNOTIFORMES Family Gymnotidae Gymnotus inaequilabiatus (Valenciennes, 1839) 14327 0.05* Gymnotus sylvius Albert & Fernandes-Matioli, 1999 13301 0.16 0.11 Family Sternopygidae Eigenmannia trilineata López & Castello, 1966 14372 1.59 0.26 Eigenmannia virescens (Valenciennes, 1847) 14466 0.21 0.16 Family Apteronotidae Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 2096 0.21 0.16 Porotergus ellisi Arámburu, 1957 2092 0.21* ORDER PERCIFORMES Family Cichlidae Cichla kelberi Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 1746 0.11 0.05 Crenicichla britskii Kullander, 1982 14329 0.11* Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006 3379 0.05* Species richness 50 70 *

Site	Biotope	Predominant substrate	Riparian vegetation	Channel physiography	Surrounding
1, 2 and 3	Upstream of the Branca Waterfall	Rocky/sandy	Preserved region with native riparian vegetation (shrubby) with 20 to 30 m in width on both margins.	Width between 40 and 150 m, with fast and turbulent waters, few backwater, and shelter sites. Some marginal lagoons and floodplain areas.	Extensive livestock farming and eucalyptus plantation.
4, 5 and 6	Downstream of the Branca Waterfall	Rocky/sandy	Native riparian vegetation (shrubby) with 10 m in width, on average.	Width between 40 and 60 m, with fast and turbulent waters, backwater areas, shelters on the margins, and large floodplain regions.	Extensive livestock farming and reforestation.

Biotope	Specie	RA%	RF%	IndVal	p
UBW	A. aff. fasciatus	80	92	73	0.00
	A. lacustris	71	53	37	0.03
	E. trilineata	86	39	33	0.00
	M. tiete	95	69	66	0.00
DBW	A. osteomystax ^* * Migratory species.	100	44	44	0.00
	G. knerii	98	83	81	0.00
	H. cf. cochliodon	100	47	47	0.00
	H. orthonops	100	69	69	0.00
	H. platyrhynchos ^* * Migratory species.	100	53	53	0.00
	M. platanum ^* * Migratory species.	100	17	17	0.02
	P. corruscans ^* * Migratory species.	94	25	24	0.01
	P. galeatus	100	22	22	0.00
	P. gracilis	90	36	33	0.00
	R. descalvadensis	100	19	19	0.00
	R. vulpinus ^* * Migratory species.	100	39	39	0.00
	S. borellii	100	83	83	0.00
	S. maculatus	100	19	19	0.01
	S. marginatus	100	22	22	0.00

Environmental variable/Biotope	UBW	DBW
Water temperature (°C)	26.20 ± 2.08	26.6 ± 1.84
Dissolved oxygen (mg/l)	7.81 ± 0.73	7.69 ± 0.68
pH	6.50 ± 1.25	6.80 ± 0.52
Electrical conductivity (µS/cm)	26.47 ±12.36	22.41 ± 13.56
Turbidity (NTU)	21.09 ± 13.29	33.42 ± 35.55
Water transparency (cm)	70.55 ± 40.52	79.70 ± 41.04

[1] *e-mail: egubiani@yahoo.com.br

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Efeitos de uma pequena barreira natural sobre a distribuição espacial da assembleia de peixes no rio Verde, bacia do alto rio Paraná, Brasil

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