Photosynthetic metabolism and antioxidant in <i>Ormosia arborea</i> are modulated by abscisic acid under water deficit?

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on gas exchange and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms seedlings under water deficit and its influence on the recovery potential of the seedlings. The experiment was conducted using four treatments, being daily irrigation or water restriction without and with 10 μM ABA. Seedlings under water deficit + ABA showed greater adjustment to drought, and when re-irrigated, they restored photosynthetic metabolism and water potential. ABA minimizes the reduction in the photosynthetic metabolism and water potential of the leaf, however, it does not increase the antioxidant activity of the O. arborea seedlings under water deficit. These results suggest that this species exhibits plasticity, which enables it to survive also in environments subjected to temporary water deficit regardless of the supplementation of ABA. We suggest that other doses of ABA be researched to expand the beneficial effect of ABA on this species.

Keywords:
gas exchange; antioxidant enzymes; water stress; ABA

Authorship

S. S. Bastos

Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados – UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais – FCBA, Dourados, MS, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Grande DouradosBrasilDourados, MS, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Grande Dourados – UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais – FCBA, Dourados, MS, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4589-4445

S. P. Q. Scalon ^**e-mail: silvanascalon@ufgd.edu.br

Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados – UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias – FCA, Dourados, MS, Brasil Universidade Federal da Grande DouradosBrasilDourados, MS, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Grande Dourados – UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias – FCA, Dourados, MS, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2024-7695

A. P. R. Souza

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-9139

D. M. Dresch

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2287-5783

F. S. Junglos

L. Q. Scalon

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-0527

R. M. Mussury

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-9146

V. M. B. Freitas

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0758-9570

*e-mail: silvanascalon@ufgd.edu.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (6)

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Figure 1
Photosynthetic rate (A) – (A), transpiration rate (E); (B) and water use efficiency (A/E); (C) as a function of the evaluation days of Ormosia arborea irrigated seedlings (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 μM ABA). Continuous vertical line indicates the periods of evaluation: time zero (T0), first null photosynthesis (1^st P0), second null photosynthesis (^2nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END).

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Figure 2
Stomatal conductance (gs) – (A) internal CO₂ concentration (Ci); (B) and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency CO₂ (A/Ci); (C) of Ormosia arborea irrigated seedlings (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 μM ABA). Continuous vertical line indicates the periods of evaluation: time zero (T0), first null photosynthesis (1^st P0), second null photosynthesis (2^nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END).

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Figure 3
Water potential (Ψw) (A) and Potential efficiency quantum of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) (B) as a function of the evaluation periods between irrigated seedlings (I) of Ormosia arborea (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to the water deficit condition (SI and SI 10 μM ABA). Lowercase letters compare the different treatments in the same evaluation period and uppercase letters compare the same treatment in the different evaluation periods.

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Figure 4
Activity of the catalase enzyme in leaf (A) and root (B) of Ormosia arborea seedlings irrigated (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 μM ABA) in the different evaluation periods: zero time (T0), first null photosynthesis (1^st P0), second null photosynthesis (2^nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END). Upper case letters differ between trial times and lowercase letters between treatments.

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Figure 5
Enzymatic activity of peroxidase in leaves (POD Leaves) (A) and roots (POD Roots) (B) of Ormosia arborea seedlings irrigated (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 μM ABA) in the different evaluation periods: zero time (T0), first null photosynthesis (1^st P0), second null photosynthesis (2^nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END). Upper case letters differ between trial times and lowercase letters between treatments.

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Figure 6
Enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase in leaves (SOD Leaves) (A) and roots (SOD roots) (B) of Ormosia arborea seedlings irrigated (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 μM ABA) in the different evaluation periods: zero time (T0), first null photosynthesis (1^st P0), second null photosynthesis (2^nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END). Upper case letters differ between trial times and lowercase letters between treatments.

Figure 1 Photosynthetic rate (A) – (A), transpiration rate (E); (B) and water use efficiency (A/E); (C) as a function of the evaluation days of Ormosia arborea irrigated seedlings (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 μM ABA). Continuous vertical line indicates the periods of evaluation: time zero (T0), first null photosynthesis (1^st P0), second null photosynthesis (^2nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END).

Figure 2 Stomatal conductance (gs) – (A) internal CO₂ concentration (Ci); (B) and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency CO₂ (A/Ci); (C) of Ormosia arborea irrigated seedlings (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 μM ABA). Continuous vertical line indicates the periods of evaluation: time zero (T0), first null photosynthesis (1^st P0), second null photosynthesis (2^nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END).

Figure 3 Water potential (Ψw) (A) and Potential efficiency quantum of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) (B) as a function of the evaluation periods between irrigated seedlings (I) of Ormosia arborea (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to the water deficit condition (SI and SI 10 μM ABA). Lowercase letters compare the different treatments in the same evaluation period and uppercase letters compare the same treatment in the different evaluation periods.

Figure 4 Activity of the catalase enzyme in leaf (A) and root (B) of Ormosia arborea seedlings irrigated (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 μM ABA) in the different evaluation periods: zero time (T0), first null photosynthesis (1^st P0), second null photosynthesis (2^nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END). Upper case letters differ between trial times and lowercase letters between treatments.

Figure 5 Enzymatic activity of peroxidase in leaves (POD Leaves) (A) and roots (POD Roots) (B) of Ormosia arborea seedlings irrigated (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 μM ABA) in the different evaluation periods: zero time (T0), first null photosynthesis (1^st P0), second null photosynthesis (2^nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END). Upper case letters differ between trial times and lowercase letters between treatments.

Figure 6 Enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase in leaves (SOD Leaves) (A) and roots (SOD roots) (B) of Ormosia arborea seedlings irrigated (I and I 10 μM ABA) and submitted to water deficit conditions (SI and SI 10 μM ABA) in the different evaluation periods: zero time (T0), first null photosynthesis (1^st P0), second null photosynthesis (2^nd P0), recovery (REC) and final evaluation (END). Upper case letters differ between trial times and lowercase letters between treatments.

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