Faunistic analyses of fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in orchards surrounded by Atlantic Forest fragments in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná state, Brazil

Monteiro, L. B.; Tomba, J. A. S.; Nishimura, G.; Monteiro, R. S.; Foelkel, E.; Lavigne, C.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.178458

Brasil

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 79 (3) • Jul-Sep 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.178458 linkcopy

Faunistic analyses of fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in orchards surrounded by Atlantic Forest fragments in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná state, Brazil

Análise faunística de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomares rodeados por fragmentos da Mata Atlântica na região metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this trial was to characterize the assemblage structure of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) by determining the diversity and faunal indices. Fruit flies were collected for ten years between 2003 and 2015 in six municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná. The orchards were divided into three crop protection strategies: organic, conventional, and integrated pest management. The characteristic of each community was determined using the Shannon-Wiener, Margalef, and Pielou’s indexes. The frequency, constancy, and dominance indexes were also determined. Biological material was analyzed using the explanatory variables: site, crop, plant protection strategy, and susceptibility period. A total of 8,089 fruit flies were collected, of which 4,681 were females. The species Anastrepha daciformis Bezzi, A. dissimilis Stone, A. distincta Greene and A. pickeli Lima were recorded for the first time in Paraná State, the occurrence of three other species was recorded for the first time in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (A. montei Lima, A. obliqua Macquart, and A. sororcula Zucchi), in addition A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. grandis (Macquart) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). A. fraterculus accounted for 98.5% of the collected species. Only A. fraterculus and A. sororcula were found in fruits. Fruit flies occurred predominantly in peach trees cultivated under organic conditions. The Shannon index indicated that the municipality of Cerro Azul had the highest diversity and richness whereas apple orchards had the lowest diversity. Crops cultivated under organic conditions exhibited the highest diversity whereas those cultivated under conventional conditions had the highest evenness index. The largest specimens number was collected during the period of crop susceptibility.

Keywords: Anastrepha; population dynamics; faunal indexes; Atlantic Forest biome

Municipality	Mean fly	Crops ¹ 1 Fruit flies were collected in apple cultivars ‘Condessa’, ‘Gala’, ‘Eva’, and ‘Granny Smith’ (M. domestica ) (in Campo do Tenente, Lapa, and Porto Amazonas) (2013, 2014 and 2015), peach cultivars ‘Charme’, ‘Chimarrita’, ‘Coral’, and ‘Ouro’ (P. persicae) (in Porto Amazonas, Araucária, Lapa, and Pinhais, respectively) (2003, 2004, 2006, 2013 and 2015) and citrus [orange (Citrus sinensis) and ponkan (Citrus reticulata ) (Porto Amazonas and Cerro Azul, respectively)] citrus (2013, 2014, 2015);	Mean fly	Management	Mean fly
Pinhais	5.12a ± 2.33	Peach	0.49a ± 1.59	Organic	2.32a ± 2.01
Araucária	0.56b ± 1.04	Citrus	0.26b ± 0.72	Conventional	0.27b ± 1.24
Cerro Azul	0.41bc ± 0.77	Apple	0.12b ± 0.84	IPM ² 2 IPM – Integrated Pest Management.	0.05c ± 0.52
Lapa	0.16c ± 1.19
Porto Amazonas	0.26bc ± 1.01
Campo do Tenente	0.02d ± 0.27

Specie fruit fly	Araucária ¹ 1 Fruit flies were collected in apple cultivars ‘Condessa’, ‘Gala’, ‘Eva’, and ‘Granny Smith’ (M. domestica ) (in Campo do Tenente, Lapa, and Porto Amazonas) (2013, 2014 and 2015), peach cultivars ‘Charme’, ‘Chimarrita’, ‘Coral’, and ‘Ouro’ (P. persicae) (in Porto Amazonas, Araucária, Lapa, and Pinhais, respectively) (2003, 2004, 2006, 2013 and 2015) and citrus [orange (Citrus sinensis) and ponkan (Citrus reticulata ) (Porto Amazonas and Cerro Azul, respectively)] citrus (2013, 2014, 2015).				Campo do Tenente				Cerro Azul				Lapa				Pinhais				Porto Amazonas
Specie fruit fly	N	F	C	D	N	F	C	D	N	F	C	D	N	F	C	D	N	F	C	D	N	F	C	D
A. fraterculus	253	0.988	w	d	276	1.000	z	d	137	0.761	y	d	1379	0.996	z	d	694	0.989	w	d	1873	0.995	z	d
A. dissimilis	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	3	0.002	z	n	4	0.006	z	n	2	-	z	-
A. grandis	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	19	0.106	z	n	1	0.001	z	n	1	0.001	z	n	1	0.001	z	n
A. sororcula	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	2	0.011	z	n	0	-	z	-	2	0.003	z	n	0	-	z	-
A. obliqua	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	1	0.001	z	n
A. distincta	3	0.012	z	n	0	-	z	-	17	0.094	z	n	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	1	0.001	z	n
A. pickeli	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	1	0.001	z	n
A. montei	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	5	0.028	z	n	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-
A. daciformis	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	1	0.001	z	n
C. capitata	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	2	0.001	z	n	1	0.001	z	n	2	0.001	z	n
Total	256				276				180				1385				702				1882
S	2				1				5				4				5				8
H’	0.064				0.000				0.793				0.032				0.076				0.032
α	0.180				0.000				0.770				0.415				0.610				0.928
E	0.092				0.000				0.492				0.023				0.047				0.015

Specie fruit fly	Plum				Citrus				Apple				Pear				Peach
Specie fruit fly	N	F	C	D	N	F	C	D	N	F	C	D	N	F	C	D	N	F	C	D
A. fraterculus	99	0.971	z	d	139	0.764	y	d	2656	0.997	z	d	94	0.959	w	d	1618	0.993	w	d
A. dissimilis	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	3	0.001	z	n	0	-	z	-	6	0.004	z	n
A. grandis	0	-	z	-	19	0.104	z	n	1	0.000	z	n	1	0.010	z	n	1	0.001	z	n
A. sororcula	0	-	z	-	2	0.011	z	n	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	2	0.001	z	n
A. obliqua	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	1	0.000	z	n	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-
A. distincta	2	0.020	z	n	17	0.093	z	n	0	-	z	-	1	0.010	z	n	1	0.001	z	n
A. pickeli	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	1	0.010	z	n	0	-	z	-
A. montei	0	-	z	-	5	0.027	z	n	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-
A. daciformis	1	0.010	z	n	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-
C. capitata	0	-	z	-	0	-	z	-	3	0.001	z	n	1	0.010	z	n	1	0.001	z	n
Total	102				182				2664				98				1629
S	3				5				5				5				6
H’	0.151				0.812				0.024				0.227				0.049
α	0.432				0.769				0.507				0.872				0.676
E	0.138				0.504				0.015				0.141				0.027

Specie fruit fly	Conventional				IPM ¹ 1 IPM – Integrated Pest Management.				Organic
Specie fruit fly	N	F	C	D	N	F	C	D	N	F	C	D
A. fraterculus	2964	0.996	z	d	853	0.988	z	d	795	0.944	w	d
A. dissimilis	2	0.001	z	n	3	0.003	z	n	4	0.005	z	n
A. grandis	1	0.000	z	n	5	0.006	z	n	16	0.019	z	n
A. sororcula	1	0.000	z	n	0	0.000	z	n	4	0.005	z	n
A. obliqua	4	0.001	z	n	0	0.000	z	n	0	0.000	z	n
A. distincta	1	0.000	z	n	0	0.000	z	n	17	0.020	z	n
A. pickeli	0	0.000	z	n	0	0.000	z	n	0	0.000	z	n
A. montei	0	0.000	z	n	0	0.000	z	n	5	0.006	z	n
A. daciformis	2	0.001	z	n	0	0.000	z	n	0	0.000	z	n
C. capitata	1	0.000	z	n	2	0.002	z	n	1	0.001	z	n
Total	2976				863				842
S	8				4				8
H’	0.029				0.075				0.298
α	0.875				0.444				0.891
E	0.014				0.054				0.153

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Instituto Internacional de Ecologia R. Bento Carlos, 750, 13560-660 São Carlos SP - Brasil, Tel. e Fax: (55 16) 3362-5400 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
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[1] The means followed by the same letter in the column indicate the absence of significant differences using the SNK test at a level of significance of 5%;

[TFN1] ¹
Fruit flies were collected in apple cultivars ‘Condessa’, ‘Gala’, ‘Eva’, and ‘Granny Smith’ (M. domestica ) (in Campo do Tenente, Lapa, and Porto Amazonas) (2013, 2014 and 2015), peach cultivars ‘Charme’, ‘Chimarrita’, ‘Coral’, and ‘Ouro’ (P. persicae) (in Porto Amazonas, Araucária, Lapa, and Pinhais, respectively) (2003, 2004, 2006, 2013 and 2015) and citrus [orange (Citrus sinensis) and ponkan (Citrus reticulata ) (Porto Amazonas and Cerro Azul, respectively)] citrus (2013, 2014, 2015);

[TFN2] ²
IPM – Integrated Pest Management.