Extrato de <i>Astragalus grahamianus</i>: uma nova fonte de compostos bioativos com atividades antioxidantes e neuroprotetoras

M. W. Khan

University of Science and Technology Bannu, Department of Biotechnology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

R. A. Khan ^**e-mail: rahmatgul_81@yahoo.com; khanwaseem@upm.edu.my

University of Science and Technology Bannu, Department of Biotechnology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

M. Ahmad

University of Science and Technology Bannu, Department of Biotechnology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

H. M. Alkreathy

King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

N. Mushtaq

University of Science and Technology Bannu, Department of Biotechnology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

O. Alam

University of Science and Technology Bannu, Department of Biotechnology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

M. I. Khan

University of Science and Technology Bannu, Department of Biotechnology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

A. Ullah

University of Science and Technology Bannu, Department of Biotechnology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

H. U. Khan

University of Science and Technology Bannu, Department of Biotechnology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

N. U. Haq

University of Science and Technology Bannu, Department of Biotechnology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan

W. R. Khan ^**e-mail: rahmatgul_81@yahoo.com; khanwaseem@upm.edu.my

Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Serdang, Malaysia

University of Trieste, National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Advanced Master in Sustainable Blue Economy, Trieste, Italy

Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus,Institut Ekosains Borneo (IEB), Sarawak, Malaysia

Antioxidant Activities	R2 values of Phenolic contents
DPPH activity	0.9678*
ABTS activity	0.9974^* * The 'P' (two-tailed) value is indicated, with asterisks denoting significance and 'ns' denoting non-significance.
H₂O₂ activity	0.9845*

Control	On day 0	On day 7	On day 14	On day 21
Control	228.3 ± 6.5^a	229.8 ± 0.5^b	230 ± 0.3^b	230 ± 0.35^b
Rotenone	216.6 ± 4.7^a	211.6 ± 3.53^a	211 ± 3.5^a	206 ± 7.07^a
Rotenone+200 mg/kg L. carbidopa	230.5 ± 4.8^a	231.03 ± 0.7^b	233 ± 2.12^b	236 ± 4.24^b
Rotenone+ 200 mg/kg AGME1	219.8 ± 10.2^a	201 ± 1.4^a	216 ± 4.9^a	223 ± 15.53^b
Rotenone+400 mg/kg AGME2	225.9 ± 7.0^a	222.7 ± 2.3^b	226 ± 9.2^b	227 ± 29.1^b

Treatment	Cholesterol (mg/dl)	VLDL (mg/dl)	TG (mg/dl)	LDL (mg/dl)	HDL (mg/dl)
Rotenone	80.3 ± 4.8a	14.4 ± 2.8a	88.3 ± 5.9a	22.3 ± 0.1a	36.4 ± 2.9c
Rotenone+200 mg/kg	90.5 ± 3.5c	30.5 ± 2.4c	165.4 ± 4.4e	33.6 ± 3.2b	21.3 ± 5.7a
L. carbidopa	90.5 ± 3.5c	30.5 ± 2.4c	165.4 ± 4.4e	33.6 ± 3.2b	21.3 ± 5.7a
Rotenone+ 200 mg/kg AGME1	76.5 ± 4.4a	20.1 ± 1.5b	107.4 ± 5.5b	24.9 ± 2.4a	27.8 ± 7.0 b
Rotenone+400 mg/kg AGME2	79.9 ± 5.3a	19.9 ± 2.1b	88.8 ± 3.5b	24.7 ± 2.1a	37.8 ± 5.2c
Rotenone	86.9 ± 3.1b	20.4 ± 1.0b	114.1 ± 4.6a	17.8 ± 1.0a	53.8 ± 3.1d

Groups	SOD (U Min/mg protein)	CAT (U Min/mg protein)	GSH nMol/mL)	MDA (µMol/mg protein)
Control	14.2 ± 0.6++	16.7 ± 0.5++	9.9 ±0.3++	19.6 ±1.0++
5 mg/kg Rotenone	8.4 ± 0.3**	9.7 ± 0.6**	5.6±0.5**	38.6 ±0.4**
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg levodopa carbidopa	13.7 ± 0.7++	15.9 ± 0.7++	9.7±0.7++	20.7± 0.7++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg AGME1	12.8 ± 0.6++	12.3± 0.8++	7.5± 0.7++	25.5± 0.8++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +400 mg/kg AGME2	13.9± 0.3++	15.2± 0.5++	9.3±0.6++	19.3±0.6++

Groups	Escape latency (s)	Number of Crossing over target quadrant
Control	3.3 ± 0.5++	10.5 ± 0.2++
5 mg/kg Rotenone	11.3 ± 0.2**	3.0 ± 0.5**
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg L.carbidopa	4.7 ± 0.6++	8.3 ± 0.3++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg AGME1	6.5 ± 0.3++	6.3 ± 0.4++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +400 mg/kg AGME2	4.1 ± 0.4++	9.2 ± 0.2++

Groups	Normalize time (%)
Control	80.6++
5 mg/kg Rotenone	55.3**
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg L.carbidopa	78.7++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +200 mg/kg AGME1	70.5++
5 mg/kg Rotenone +400 mg/kg AGME2	79.1++

S c a v e n g i n g e f f e c t (%) = [\begin{array}{l} (\begin{array}{l} C o n t r o l a b s o r b a n c e (A B T S) - \\ s a m p l e s a b s o r b a n c e \end{array}) / \\ (C o n t r o l a b s o r b a n c e) \end{array}] x 100

Brasil