An overview of the taxonomic instability of endangered Golden and Zhobi mahseer in Pakistan

Yousaf, M.; Hasan, Z.; Zaidi, F.; Rasheed, S. B.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.243975

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 83 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.243975 copy

An overview of the taxonomic instability of endangered Golden and Zhobi mahseer in Pakistan

Uma visão geral da instabilidade taxonômica do golden em perigo e do Zhobi mahseer no Paquistão

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In South and South East Asia three genera of fish species i.e. Tor, Neolissochilus and Naziritor are commonly known as Mahseer with at least 47 species. Among these 23 belongs to genus Tor, 22 to Neolissochilus and one to Naziritor i.e. Naziritor zhobensis. Recently another species added to genus Naziritor is Naziritor chelynoides in India. Among Tor species Tor putitora (Hamilton) is the most widely distributed Mahseer in Pakistan and other countries of the Indian subcontinent. However, based alone on morphological characters some authors identify the Pakistani counterparts as Tor macrolepis (Heckel), (a species presumed to be found exclusively in the Indus River system) distinct from Tor putitora (a species found in Ganga Brahmaputra River system). In order to resolve this taxonomic ambiguity, present study carried out meristic and morphometric measurements of Mahseer collected from a total of 11 water bodies of Pakistan. Ratios between the morphometric characters were calculated and statistically analyzed using t-test and correlation coefficient. Two species identified as Tor putitora and Naziritor zhobensis were the sole Mahseer inhabitants of Indus system in Pakistan. Tor putitora occurred at all surveyed sites while Nazirtor zhobensis had a distribution range from river Zhob to tributaries of river Gomal the right bank tributaries of River Indus. The study corroborates that there are no unequivocal morphological synapomorphies in any existing populations of both species. The study further demonstrates that head length, a character frequently used in Mahseer taxonomy, is not a good measure for species identification. Finally the present study establishes that Naziritor zhobensis still exists in the water bodies of Pakistan and that golden Mahseer occurring in Indus riverine system of Pakistan is Tor putitora.

Keywords:
Indus Riverine system; morphology; Naziritor zhobensis; Pakistan; Tor putitora

Parameter	*Tor putitora*	*Naziritor zhobensis*
Dorsal Spine	1/9 = 10	1/9 = 10
Pectoral Spine	14 – 17	15 – 18
Pelvic Spine	1/8 = 9	1/8 = 9
Anal Spine	2/5 =7	2/5 =7
Caudal Spine	19	19 – 21
LLS	24 – 28	32 – 37
Pre dorsal Scale	9	13 – 14
ALLS	3.5	4.5
BLLS	2.5	3.5

Parameters/ Areas	SWA	CHAK	PAN	BAR	SKH	TER	JEH	CHEN	GOM	ZHOB
Total length	16.98	16.9	16.36	18.66	12.24	36.77	41.36	34.46	24.9	15.65
Standard length	14.11	13.78	13.48	15.27	9.84	30.04	34.96	28.80	19.8	12.8
Lateral line Scales	26.7	27.3	26.4	25.22	27.14	26.45	26.6	27.66	25.9	34
Pre dorsal length	7.01	6.95	6.83	7.588	4.88	15.33	17.28	14.23	9.93	6.43
Post dorsal length	10.31	10.29	9.8	11.24	7.41	22.78	25.2	21.05	15.27	9.11
Head Length	3.6	3.6	3.47	4.12	2.67	7.58	7.96	6.81	5.23	3.57
Body depth	3.49	3.44	3.27	3.91	2.48	7.05	8.98	7.74	4.95	2.64
Head height	2.35	2.45	2.31	2.77	1.82	4.79	5.98	4.30	3.23	2
Eye diameter	0.75	0.8	0.9	1.01	0.6	1.64	1.58	1.31	1.05	0.67
Both Eye distance	1.26	1.17	1.11	1.27	0.88	2.37	2.92	2.15	1.49	1.14
Maxillary barbel length	0.75	0.87	0.82	1	0.67	2.18	2.06	1.65	1.33	0.86
Rostral barbel length	1	1.05	0.97	1.2	0.84	2.37	2.02	1.875	1.45	1.03

	Localities	SWA	CHAK	PAN	BAR	SKH	TER	JEH	CHAN	GOM	*N. zhobensis*
	Parameters	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J
1	SL/TL	82.99 ^I	81.43	81.6	81.53	80.09	81.71	82.73	83.5 ^I	79.51 ^AH	82.07
2	PRDL/ TL	41.33	41.06	41.8	40.71	40.68	41.66	40.64	41.3	39.87	41.47
3	PSDL/ TL	60.61	60.96	60	60.24	61.25	61.9 ^J	61.97 ^J	61.2	61.54	58.73 ^FG
4	HL/TL	21.2 ^J	21.28	21.2 ^J	22.17 ^GH	22.4 ^GH	20.68 ^J	20.06 ^DEJ	19.8 ^DEJ	21.06 ^J	23.01 ^AFGHI
5	BD/TL	20.63 ^J	20.37 ^J	20 ^HJ	21.08 ^J	20.77 ^J	19.22 ^GHJ	21.48 ^FJ	22.4 ^CFIJ	19.93 ^HJ	16.98 ^ALL
6	HH/TL	13.84	14.48 ^H	14.1 ^H	14.91 ^FHIJ	15.24 ^FHIJ	13.04 ^DE	14.44 ^H	12.5 ^BCDEG	12.94 ^DE	12.96 ^DE
7	ED/TL	4.459 ^B	4.76 ^AGH	5.52 ^AFGHIJ	5.311 ^GHI	5.301 ^GH	4.479 ^C	3.663 ^BCDE	3.84 ^BCDE	4.31 ^CDE	4.456 ^C
8	BED/TL	7.42 ^FHI	6.968	6.78	6.833	7.34 ^IJ	6.448 ^A	7.102 ^I	6.26 ^AEJ	5.98 ^AEGJ	7.284 ^HI
9	MBL/TL	4.4 ^DEFIJ	5.133 ^F	5.04 ^F	5.358 ^A	5.522 ^A	5.95 ^ABCGH	5.175 ^F	4.78 ^E	5.307 ^A	5.542 ^AH
10	RBL/TL	5.869 ^E	6.228	5.95 ^E	6.472 ^H	7.06 ^ACGHI	6.46 ^GH	5.688 ^EFJ	5.44 ^DEFJ	5.793 ^EJ	6.638 ^GHI
11	PRDL/SL	49.82	50.44	51.2	49.96	50.85	51	49.41	49.4	50.16	50.58
12	PSDL/SL	73.06 ^I	74.94	73.5	73.91	76.49 ^J	75.7 ^J	72.32 ^I	73.2 ^I	77.41 ^AGHJ	71.67 ^EFI
13	HL/SL	25.55 ^G	26.18 ^G	26 ^G	27.21 ^G	28.01 ^GH	25.31 ^G	19.03 ^ALL	23.7 ^DEGJ	26.49 ^G	28.08 ^GH
14	BD/SL	24.89 ^J	25.07 ^J	24.5 ^J	25.88 ^J	25.95 ^J	23.52 ^J	25.99^J	26.8 ^J	25.07 ^J	20.71 ^ABDEHI
15	HH/SL	16.69 ^G	17.78 ^GH	17.3 ^G	18.3 ^GH	19.04 ^FGHJ	15.95 ^E	13.77 ^ABCDE	15 ^BDE	16.29	15.82 ^E
16	ED/SL	5.38 ^CDE	5.85 ^GH	6.76 ^AFGHIJ	6.521 ^AGH	6.638 ^AGH	5.486 ^C	4.51 ^BCDE	4.6 ^BCDE	5.424	5.438 ^E
17	BED/SL	8.95 ^GH	8.562 ^G	8.31 ^G	8.393 ^G	9.174 ^GHI	7.893	6.769 ^ABCDEJ	7.49 ^AE	7.52 ^E	8.896 ^G
18	MBL/SL	5.3 ^DEFIJ	6.302 ^G	6.17 ^FG	6.578 ^AG	6.899 ^AGH	7.28 ^ACGH	4.89 ^BCDEFIJ	5.72 ^EFJ	6.676 ^AG	6.749 ^AGH
19	RBL/SL	7.08 ^EGJ	7.65 ^EGH	7.29 ^EG	7.946 ^GH	8.82 ^ABCGHI	7.906 ^GH	5.213 ^ALL	6.51 ^BDEFGJ	7.286 ^EG	8.089 ^AGH
20	HH/HL	65.33 ^J	68.2 ^J	66.7 ^J	68.16 ^J	68.13 ^J	63.09	71.82 ^IJ	63.4	61.59 ^G	56.29 ^ABCDEG
21	ED/HL	21.05 ^C	22.4	26 ^AGIJ	24.25 ^J	23.43	21.7 ^HJ	25.28	19.4 ^CDG	20.47 ^C	19.37 ^CG
22	BED/HL	35.01 ^I	32.84 ^I	32	30.77 ^G	32.86	31.23 ^G	35.5 ^DFI	31.6	28.4 ^AG	31.68
23	MBL/HL	20.74 ^I	24.22 ^I	23.8 ^I	24.49 ^I	24.76 ^I	28.76 ^I	25.63 ^I	24.2 ^I	25.19 ^ALL	24.03 ^I
24	RBL/HL	27.7	29.39	28.1	29.52	31.58	31.26	28.4	27.5	27.52	28.81
25	BD/HL	97.0 ^GHJ	95.73 ^GHJ	94.2 ^GHJ	95.15 ^GHJ	92.8 ^GHJ	93.01 ^GHJ	108.2 ^ALL	113 ^ALL	94.61 ^GHJ	77.19 ^ALL

	Localities	SWA	CHK	PAN	BAR	SKH	TER	JEH	CHAN	GOM	N. zhobensis
	Parameters
1	SL and TL	0.989	0.985	0.884	1	0.999	0.989	0.997	0.978	0.997	0.993
2	PRDL and TL	0.993	0.979	0.877	0.994	0.986	0.988	0.994	0.967	0.868	0.995
3	PSDL and TL	0.989	0.993	0.93	0.993	0.994	0.984	0.989	0.957	0.975	0.995
4	HL and TL	0.989	0.937	0.856	0.916	0.992	0.948	0.967	0.921	0.993	0.989
5	BD and TL	0.971	0.874	0.898	0.896	0.989	0.86	0.94	0.871	0.939	0.91
6	HH and TL	0.933	0.916	0.947	0.875	0.992	0.859	0.972	0.707	0.837	0.956
7	ED and TL	0.681	0.604	0.440	0.710	0.649	0.486	0.975	0.324	0.781	0.82
8	BED and TL	0.845	0.858	0.877	0.224	0.995	0.818	0.98	0.578	0.984	0.977
9	MBL and TL	0.81	0.837	0.117	0.922	0.994	0.717	0.871	0.862	0.965	0.883
10	RBL and TL	0.85	0.852	0.472	0.937	0.989	0.831	0.835	0.886	0.979	0.919
11	PRDL and SL	0.994	0.981	0.976	0.995	0.985	0.981	0.991	0.973	0.87	0.994
12	PSDL and SL	0.983	0.971	0.844	0.993	0.995	0.979	0.992	0.965	0.977	0.988
13	HL and SL	0.989	0.878	0.827	0.914	0.99	0.97	0.971	0.938	0.994	0.985
14	BD and SL	0.952	0.81	0.889	0.893	0.99	0.846	0.957	0.909	0.933	0.914
15	HH and SL	0.926	0.915	0.918	0.872	0.992	0.855	0.98	0.786	0.823	0.95
16	ED and SL	0.681	0.569	0.493	0.699	0.633	0.444	0.982	0.343	0.787	0.772
17	BED and SL	0.851	0.883	0.882	0.224	0.993	0.813	0.987	0.619	0.989	0.977
18	MBL and SL	0.825	0.857	0.254	0.915	0.993	0.734	0.894	0.812	0.961	0.9
19	RBL and SL	0.829	0.858	0.526	0.933	0.993	0.833	0.839	0.843	0.981	0.934
20	BD and HL	0.966	0.956	0.923	0.98	0.992	0.784	0.958	0.906	0.94	0.905
21	HH and HL	0.925	0.855	0.918	0.765	0.992	0.88	0.976	0.832	0.794	0.968
22	ED and HL	0.675	0.589	0.609	.0731	0.717	0.377	0.975	0.389	0.767	0.756
23	BED and HL	0.872	0.804	0.869	0.199	0.99	0.798	0.98	0.607	0.981	0.986
24	MBL and HL	0.823	0.72	0.207	0.832	0.982	0.764	0.873	0.857	0.965	0.925
25	RBL and HL	0.84	0.726	0.531	0.874	0.97	0.847	0.838	0.825	0.975	0.953

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[1] *e-mail: basitrasheed@uop.edu.pk