Selecting iron and zinc nano-fertilizers for rice traits in drought by statistical analysis

Jafarsalehi, M.; Mazloom, P.; Daliri, M. S.; Mousavi, S. A.; Eftekhari, A.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.282928

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 84 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.282928 copy

Selecting iron and zinc nano-fertilizers for rice traits in drought by statistical analysis

Seleção de nanofertilizantes de ferro e zinco para características do arroz em seca por análise estatística

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Optimum use of fertilizer plays an important role in increasing the performance of traits in rice and other agricultural products. The use of nano-fertilizers can be very important in the optimal use of fertilizer and in increasing the quantity and quality of agricultural products. To investigate the effect of iron and zinc nano-fertilizers on the physiological and morphological characteristics of rice plants (Tarom Hashemi variety) under drought stress conditions, a split plot experiment was carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications in Mazandaran region. The results of the combined analysis indicated that the effect of iron nano-fertilizer and zinc nano-fertilizer has a significant difference at the level of 0.01 and 0.05 in terms of all the evaluated traits. In the means comparison, it was concluded that normal humidity conditions can have a positive effect on the performance of the traits, but in the S1 stress conditions (drought stress at the rate of 50% of normal irrigation), the traits showed a good performance trend. Furthermore, increasing the amount of iron nano-fertilizer at the F2 level (Iron sulphate 100 kg/ha + 1 foliar spraying of iron chelate 2%) can be very effective in the growth of yield and the desirability of traits. In examining the amount of zinc nano-fertilizer consumption on the traits, showed the most positive performance on the traits at the level of Z2 (Use of 5 mg of zinc nano-fertilizer per kg of experiment soil), but with the increase to the level of Z3 (Use 7.5 mg of zinc nano-fertilizer per kg of experiment soil), this favorability was greatly reduced. The result of the correlation coefficients between the traits and the correlation diagram also showed a positive and significant correlation between the traits. In the graphical analysis, treatments tr33, tr8, tr19, tr24, tr7, tr6, and tr2 were selected as desirable treatments from the polygon graph. Treatments tr19, tr9 and tr6 were recognized as favourable treatments in terms of the treatment ranking diagram in terms of all traits. Based on the treatment selection diagram based on ideal treatment, tr19, tr9 and tr6 treatments were identified as desirable treatments. In general, it is possible to use tr19 (S1×F1×Z2), tr6 (N×F1×Z1) and tr9 (N×F2×Z0) treatments as treatments with high efficiency and power to increase the performance of traits and optimal use of nano-fertilizers in rice cultivation.

Keywords:
rice; iron nano-fertilizer; zinc nano-fertilizer; drought stress; graphic analysis

Depth (cm)	Soil texture	PH	Electrical conductivity	Organic carbon (%)	Total nitrogen (%)	Absorbable phosphorus ppm	Absorbable Potassium ppm
0-30	Loam- sandy clay	7.5	1.05	1.6	0.06	9.5	289

Trait Code.	Trait	Trait Code.	Trait
PLH	Plant height	YLD	Grain yield
NTP	Number of tiller per plant	GD	Grain diameter
SL	Spike length	GL	Grain length
NSS	Number of seeds per spike	PL	Paddy length
WTS	1000- seeds weight	PD	Paddy diameter
HI	Harvest Index

Treatment	Level	Characteristic	Interaction treatment	Characteristic	Interaction treatment	Characteristic	Interaction treatment	Characteristic
	N	Normal Irrigation	Tr1	N×F0×Z0	Tr13	S1×F0×Z0	Tr25	S2×F0×Z0
Drought stress	S1	drought stress at the rate of 50% of normal irrigation	Tr2	N×F0×Z1	Tr14	S1×F0×Z1	Tr26	S2×F0×Z1
	S2	drought stress at the rate of 20% of normal irrigation	Tr3	N×F0×Z2	Tr15	S1×F0×Z2	Tr27	S2×F0×Z2
	F0	Non-use of iron nano-fertilizers in the experimental plots	Tr4	N×F0×Z3	Tr16	S1×F0×Z3	Tr28	S2×F0×Z3
Fe nano-fertilizer	F1	Iron sulfate 50 kg/ha + 1 foliar spraying of iron sulfate 2%	Tr5	N×F1×Z0	Tr17	S1×F1×Z0	Tr29	S2×F1×Z0
	F2	Iron sulfate 100 kg/ha + 1 foliar spraying of iron chelate 2%	Tr6	N×F1×Z1	Tr18	S1×F1×Z1	Tr30	S2×F1×Z1
	Z0	Non-use of zinc nano-fertilizers in the experimental plots	Tr7	N×F1×Z2	Tr19	S1×F1×Z2	Tr31	S2×F1×Z2
zinc nano-fertilizer	Z1	Use of 2.5 mg of zinc nano-fertilizer per kg of experiment soil	Tr8	N×F1×Z3	Tr20	S1×F1×Z3	Tr32	S2×F1×Z3
	Z2	Use of 5 mg of zinc nano-fertilizer per kg of experiment soil	Tr9	N×F2×Z0	Tr21	S1×F2×Z0	Tr33	S2×F2×Z0
	Z3	Use 7.5 mg of zinc nano-fertilizer per kg of experiment soil	Tr10	N×F2×Z1	Tr22	S1×F2×Z1	Tr34	S2×F2×Z1
			Tr11	N×F2×Z2	Tr23	S1×F2×Z2	Tr35	S2×F2×Z2
			Tr12	N×F2×Z3	Tr24	S1×F2×Z3	Tr36	S2×F2×Z3

	Df	PLH	NTP	SL	NSS	WTS	HI	YLD	GD	GL	PL	PD
Drought	2	13.5*	10.8*	1.9^ns	88.7*	0.39*	0.004*	101099*	0.03*	0.5*	0.2*	0.06*
Block	2	273.3**	10.1^ns	18.4**	11^ns	6.2^ns	0.0005^ns	152954^ns	0.04*	0.61^ns	2.69^ns	0.04^ns
Fe	2	73.6*	17.5*	0.2^* * , **, and ns: significant at 5%, 1% and not-significant. The coefficient of variation (CV).	20.03*	0.1^ns	0.0009*	954854*	0.11**	3.3**	17.8**	0.34*
Drought × Fe	4	85.4*	8.1^ns	2.6*	27.8*	11.3^ns	0.001*	283696*	0.04*	2.6*	14.5**	0.23*
Error1	4	114.4	4.41	0.89	31.7	17.5	0.001	351419	0.01	1.09	1.23	0.18
Zinc	3	31.4*	2.17*	0.97*	92.1*	18.5*	0.004*	272860*	0.02*	1.2*	2.2*	0.06*
Drought × Zinc	6	58.4^ns	6.59*	1.5*	35.4*	10.1*	0.001*	84693*	0.02*	1.1*	1.8*	0.04*
Fe× Zinc	6	31.5*	3.34*	4.79**	60.5*	2.2*	0.002*	2421543**	0.006*	0.46*	0.98*	0.01*
Error	66	49.7	361.3	2.39	50.2	6.7	0.002	407365	0.02	1.27	2.7	0.06
CV%	--	7.25	9.1	5.58	9.4	10.2	9.48	10.14	15.2	15.09	16.1	16.8
R-square	--	0.82	0.91	0.9	0.82	0.84	0.92	0.96	0.93	0.81	0.92	0.95

	Levels		Rank	PLH	NTP	SL	NSS	WTS	HI	YLD	GD	GL	PL	PD
	N		1	97.1a	25.05ab	27.9a	73.3b	25.41a	0.5ab	6347.7a	1.04a	7.45ab	10.23ab	1.6a
Drought stress	S1		2	96.6b	26.5a	27.4ab	74.4ab	25.42a	0.51a	6271.4ab	0.99b	7.38ab	10.34a	1.5b
	S2		3	97.8a	26.05ab	27.7ab	76.4a	25.2ab	0.52a	6245.8ab	1.05a	7.62a	10.18ab	1.5b

	F0		3	95.8b	26.4a	27.8a	74.7ab	24.8b	0.51ab	6124b	0.96ab	7.1ab	9.4b	1.46b
Fe nano-fertilizer		F1	2	98.6a	25.3b	27.6ab	75.4a	25.3a	0.52a	6290ab	1.05a	7.6a	10.74a	1.64a
	F2		1	97.2ab	25.2b	27.6ab	73.9b	25.3a	0.51ab	6449a	1.06a	7.6a	10.5ab	1.61a

	Z0		3	98.05a	27.8a	27.8a	75.1ab	25.9ab	0.51ab	6293.7b	1.04a	7.6a	10.4a	1.6a
Zinc nano-fertilizer	Z1		2	98.1a	27.8a	27.8a	72.7c	25.2ab	0.5ab	6324.2a	1.06a	7.7a	10.5a	1.62a
	Z2		1	96.8ab	27.7ab	27.7ab	74b	26.04a	0.51ab	6386.3a	1.01ab	7.3ab	10ab	1.5ab
	Z3		4	95.8b	27.4ab	27.4ab	77.1a	24.2b	0.53a	6149b	0.99b	7.2ab	9.94b	1.4b

	PLH	NTP	SL	NSS	WTS	HI	YLD	GD	GL	PL	PD
PLH	1
NTP	0.03	1
SL	0.05	0.15	1
NSS	-0.16^* * , **significant at 5% and 1%. PLH: Plant height; NTP: Number of tiller per plant; SL: Spike length; NSS: Number of seed per spike; WTS: 1000-seeds weight; HI: Harvest index; YLD: Grain yield; GD: Grain diameter; GL: Grain length; PL: Paddy length; PD: Paddy diameter.	0.09	-0.02	1
WTS	0.15	0.04	0.01	0.2*	1
HI	-0.16	0.09	-0.02	0.9**	0.2*	1
YLD	0.09*	0.02*	0.01	0.2*	0.11**	0.2*	1
GD	0.1	-0.08	-0.03	0.09	-0.05	0.09	0.03	1
GL	0.06	-0.11	-0.02	0.1	-0.02	0.1*	0.05	0.9*	1
PL	0.04	-0.12	-0.07	0.12	-0.005	0.12*	-0.006	0.8*	0.8*	1
PD	0.09	-0.14	0.02	-0.02	-0.06	-0.02	-0.01	0.7*	0.7*	0.65*	1

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[1] *e-mail: pooria.mazloom@iau.ac.ir