Assessment of fatty acid composition and amino acid profiles of three important fresh water fish species native to river Indus Pakistan

Khan, A. K.; Zahid, M.; Rehman, A. U.; Khan, R. A.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.286429

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 84 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.286429 copy

Assessment of fatty acid composition and amino acid profiles of three important fresh water fish species native to river Indus Pakistan

Avaliação da composição de ácidos graxos e perfis de aminoácidos de três importantes espécies de peixes de água doce nativas do rio Indo, Paquistão

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study was carried out to analyze the fatty acid and amino acid compositions of three economically important freshwater fish species, Mali (Wallago attu), Raho (Labeo rohita), and Mahseer (Tor putitora), indigenous to Indus River, Pakistan.. Amino acid profiling was done by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while gas chromatography (GC) was used for fatty acid analysis. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, alanine, leucine, lysine and isoleucine were the most predominant amino acid while palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1c), palmitoliec acid (C16:1c), linolenic acids (C18:2c) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA C22:6) were the notable fatty acids present in these species. Our results indicated that all species have comparable nutritional composition and are good source of healthy human diet. Our findings will help the people to make informed choice while selecting fish for consumption and will pave the way for future researchers in planning new strategies to enhance the growth and production of commercial fish species. It will also be helpful for theFrom the current finding it was concluded that all fish species under discussion are rich in amino acids and fatty acids. These species contain essential amino acids and important fatty acid such as omega3 and omega 6, thus raising the nutritional quality of these species.

Keywords:
fatty acids; amino acids; PUFAs; DHA; Indus River

Amino Acid contents	Mali Fish	Raho Fish	Mahseer Fish
Aspartic Acid	10.156^b ± 3.38^**	11.117^b ± 0.74^**	12.307^b ± 0.58^**
Alanine	7.853^c ± 1.10^**	7.576^d ± 0.35^**	7.500^c ± 0.22^**
Arginine	10.411^b ± 2.47^**	5.753^e ± 1.65^**	5.693^d ± 0.24^**
Cysteine	2.414^efg ± 0.33^**	0.466^j ± 0.32^**	0.764^k ± 0.20^**
Glutamic Acid	17.247^a ± 1.60^**	19.818^a ± 0.71^**	18.302^a ± 0.42^**
Glycine	3.616^def ± 0.41^**	4.718^ef ± 0.24^**	5.324^de ± 0.30^**
Histidine	3.813^def ± 0.31^**	4.607^f ± 1.01^**	5.094^def ± 0.50^**
Isoleucine	4.619^d ± 0.37^**	4.149^f ± 0.59^**	3.156ⁱ ± 0.57^**
Leucine	9.172^bc ± 0.68**	8.747^c ± 0.23^**	7.681^c ± 0.34^**
Lysine	7.737^c ± 1.43^**	4.263^f ± 1.36^**	4.398^g ± 0.99^**
Methionine	2.214^fg ± 0.38^**	2.100^hi ± 0.42^**	2.149^j ± 0.53^**
Phenylamine	4.234^de ± 0.35^**	4.049^fg ± 0.79^**	4.319^gh ± 0.31^**
Proline	3.753^def ± 0.26^**	2.997^gh ± 0.53^**	3.688^hi ± 0.20^**
Serine	4.424^d ± 0.27^**	4.574^f ± 0.44^**	4.537^fg ± 0.32^**
Threonine	4.514^d ± 0.28^**	4.373^f ± 0.78^**	4.558^fg ± 0.30^**
Tryptophan	1.523^g ± 0.29^**	1.370^ij ± 0.27^**	1.666^j ± 0.27^**
Tyrosine	3.479^def ± 0.32^**	3.734^fg ± 0.17^**	3.477ⁱ ± 0.27^**
Valine	5.076^d ± 0.43^**	4.717^ef ± 0.69^**	4.790^efg ± 0.30^**
HSD	4.032	3.032	1.036

Fatty acid contents
	Head Region			Abdomen Region			Tail Region
	Mali Fish	Raho Fish	Mahseer Fish	Mali Fish	Raho Fish	Mahseer Fish	Mali Fish	Raho Fish	Mahseer Fish
C14:0 myristic	1.320g ± 0.01**	3.750e ± 0.01**	0.130mn ± 0.01**	5.750d ± 0.01**	3.270b ± 0.01**	0.200klm ± 0.10**	0.020n ± 0.01**	3.350de ± 0.01**	0.120mn ± 0.01**
C16:0 Palmitic acid	27.230b ± 0.01**	70.577a ± 0.02**	63.870a ± 0.01**	63.180a ± 0.01**	62.680a ± 0.01**	65.200a ± 0.10**	65.370a ± 0.01**	61.050a ± 0.01**	65.420a ± 0.01**
C16:1c Palmitoleic acid	1.760e ± 0.01**	5.567d ± 0.01**	7.720d ± 0.01**	5.320e ± 0.01**	3.170b ± 0.01**	7.520c ± 0.01**	9.380d ± 0.01**	3.440de ± 0.01**	7.480d ± 0.01**
C18:0 Stearic acid	0.057k ± 0.02**	1.447g ± 0.04**	0.170mn ± 0.01**	0.053r ± 0.02**	1.423b ± 0.04**	0.033n ± 0.02**	2.537g ± 0.03**	1.733e ± 0.03**	0.060no ± 0.02**
C18:1c Oleic acid	9.020d ± 0.01**	3.650e ± 0.53**	8.230c ± 0.01**	12.540c ± 0.01**	15.750b ± 0.01**	7.620c ± 0.01**	10.690c ± 0.39**	15.020c ± 0.01**	8.130c ± 0.01**
C18:2c Linoleic acid	1.550f ± 0.01**	11.993c ± 0.01**	4.730e ± 0.01**	5.260e ± 0.01**	10.220b ± 0.02**	4.600d ± 0.01**	4.220e ± 0.01**	10.630c ± 0.02**	4.450f ± 0.02**
C20:5n3 EPA	25.700c ± 0.20**	1.020h ± 0.01**	2.540g ± 0.01**	2.263g ± 0.02**	0.767b ± 0.02**	2.660e ± 0.01**	2.247h ± 0.04**	0.950e ± 0.02**	3.120g ± 0.01**
C22:6n3 DHA	27.830a ± 0.08^**	27.920b ± 0.01**	27.620b ± 0.06**	27.940b ± 0.01**	27.880b ± 0.01**	27.560b ± 0.01**	27.970b ± 0.01**	27.840e ± 0.01**	27.530b ± 0.01**

Amino Acid contents	Mali Fish	Raho Fish	Mahseer Fish
∑EAA	42.902	38.375	37.811
∑NEAA	63.353	60.753	61.592

Fatty acid contents	Head Region			Abdomen Region			Tail Region
Fatty acid contents	Mali Fish	Raho Fish	Mahseer Fish	Mali Fish	Raho Fish	Mahseer Fish	Mali Fish	Raho Fish	Mahseer Fish
∑SFA	30.624	76.991	70.404	70.983	68.636	71.382	69.687	77.906	70.669
∑MUFA	13.403	12.817	21.257	21.46	47.107	20.593	24.61	21.377	20.47
∑PUFA	57.973	41.733	36.09	37.773	40.214	35.707	35.817	40.503	36.25

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