Ecomorphological correlates of twenty dominant fish species of Amazonian floodplain lakes

Siqueira-Souza, F. K.; Bayer, C.; Caldas, W. H.; Cardoso, D. C.; Yamamoto, K. C.; Freitas, C. E. C.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.16215

Brasil

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 77 (01) • Jan-Mar 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.16215 linkcopy

Ecomorphological correlates of twenty dominant fish species of Amazonian floodplain lakes

Correlações ecomorfológicas de vinte espécies de peixes dominantes em lagos de várzea da Amazônia

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Fishes inhabiting Amazonian floodplain lakes exhibits a great variety of body shape, which was a key advantage to colonize the several habitats that compose these areas adjacent to the large Amazon rivers. In this paper, we did an ecomorphological analysis of twenty abundant species, sampled in May and August 2011, into two floodplain lakes of the lower stretch of the Solimões River. The analysis detected differences among species, which could be probably associated with swimming ability and habitat use preferences.

Keywords: ecomorphology; Amazon fish; swimming ability; habitat use

Family	Species	Code	N	Feeding Behavior
Anostomidae	Leporinus friderici	lef	14	Omnivore^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Anostomidae	Leporinus trifasciatus	let	10	Frugivoreb
Anostomidae	Rhythiodus microlepis	rhm	11	Leaf eater^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Anostomidae	Schizodon fasciatus	scf	13	Herbivore^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Callichthyidae	Hoplosternum litoralle	hol	6	Leaf eater^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Characidae	Brycon amazonicus	bra	28	Aquatic invertb
Characidae	Colossoma macropomum	com	15	Omnivore^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Characidae	Mylossoma aureum	mya	27	Omnivoreb
Characidae	Mylossoma duriventre	myd	25	Herbivore^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Characidae	Piaractus brachypomus	pib	6	Frugivoreb
Characidae	Triportheus albus	tra	69	Frugivoreb
Characidae	Triportheus elongatus	tre	25	Unsp. Herbivoreb
Cichlidae	Mesonauta festivus	mef	9	Insetivore^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Curimatidae	Potamorhina altamazonica	poa	59	Omnivore^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Curimatidae	Potamorhina latior	pol	48	Detritivore^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Curimatidae	Psectrogaster rutiloides	psr	39	Detritivoreb
Hemiodontidae	Anodus elongates	anl	29	Plants/detritus^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Hemiodontidae	Hemiodus immaculatus	hei	46	Planktivore^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Prochilodontidae	Prochilodus nigricans	prn	12	Insectivore^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).
Prochilodontidae	Semaprochilodus insignis	pei	24	Detritivore^a a Froese and Pauly (2015); bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).

Species code	CI	RD	CPC	PAF	FVI	RWCP	RHCP	RHH	VEP
anl	1.698 (0.26)	0.205 (0.01)	1.805 (0.34)	1.130 (0.24)	0.584 (0.06)	0.311 (0.06)	0.324 (0.02)	0.748 (0.13)	0.625 (0.11)
bra	2.304 (0.33)	0.352 (0.04)	2.264 (0.54)	1.296 (0.22)	0.472 (0.07)	0.297 (0.10)	0.273 (0.03)	0.663 (0.09)	0.781 (0.07)
com	3.596 (0.40)	0.562 (0.04)	2.370 (0.54)	1.397 (0.14)	0.532 (0.02)	0.293 (0.09)	0.182 (0.02)	0.544 (0.04)	0.748 (0.03)
hei	1.775 (0.18)	0.250 (0.01)	1.942 (0.33)	0.999 (0.12)	0.547 (0.05)	0.303 (0.05)	0.325 (0.02)	0.637 (0.04)	0.705 (0.04)
hol	1.282 (0.13)	0.305 (0.01)	2.229 (0.19)	1.012 (0.09)	0.687 (0.05)	0.270 (0.03)	0.467 (0.02)	0.817 (0.02)	0.708 (0.11)
lef	1.947 (0.36)	0.311 (0.02)	2.010 (0.32)	1.047 (0.20)	0.620 (0.05)	0.329 (0.06)	0.338 (0.03)	0.679 (0.03)	0.775 (0.04)
let	1.909 (0.25)	0.304 (0.02)	1.935 (0.36)	1.046 (0.12)	0.586 (0.09)	0.340 (0.08)	0.337 (0.08)	0.675 (0.03)	0.808 (0.04)
mef	3.392 (0.38)	0.530 (0.03)	5.103 (0.87)	1.550 (0.17)	0.452 (0.12)	0.231 (0.04)	0.341 (0.03)	0.641 (0.06)	0.768 (0.06)
mya	5.660 (0.86)	1.010 (0.36)	3.090 (0.47)	1.800 (0.27)	0.562 (0.12)	0.249 (0.03)	0.132 (0.03)	0.328 (0.07)	0.778 (0.06)
myd	4.846 (0.94)	0.719 (0.11)	2.661 (0.47)	1.540 (0.27)	0.564 (0.04)	0.245 (0.05)	0.137 (0.05)	0.377 (0.04)	0.822 (0.05)
pib	3.883 (0.41)	0.591 (0.02)	2.606 (0.91)	1.550 (0.14)	0.526 (0.04)	0.297 (0.08)	0.184 (0.02)	0.557 (0.06)	0.783 (0.04)
poa	2.278 (0.21)	0.334 (0.03)	2.375 (0.45)	1.205 (.014)	0.586 (0.05)	0.334 (0.46)	0.287 (0.03)	0.635 (0.07)	0.758 (0.05)
pol	2.860 (0.45)	0.345 (0.05)	2.513 (0.51)	1.283 (0.23)	0.580 (0.04)	0.325 (0.07)	0.280 (0.04)	0.561 (0.08)	0.761 (0.16)
prn	2.704 (1.16)	0.550 (0.709)	2.482 (0.57)	1.325 (0.12)	0.553 (0.12)	0.329 (0.07)	0.317 (0.07)	0.565 (0.14)	0.864 (0.04)
psr	2.338 (0.27)	0.360 (0.02)	2.853 (0.63)	1.296 (0.19)	0.598 (0.04)	0.246 (0.05)	0.289 (0.02)	0.716 (0.07)	0.738 (0.07)
rhm	1.782 (0.35)	0.215 (0.02)	1.962 (0.20)	1.102 (0.16)	0.668 (0.08)	0.360 (0.05)	0.401 (0.05)	0.635 (0.07)	0.756 (0.06)
sei	2.784 (0.36)	0.400 (0.03)	2.392 (0.34)	1.353 (0.21)	0.578 (0.03)	0.298 (0.04)	0.254 (0.02)	0.609 (0.05)	0.789 (0.04)
scf	1.996 (0.19)	0.275 (0.03)	2.034 (0.25)	1.130 (0.16)	0.670 (0.06)	0.342 (0.04)	0.346 (0.03)	0.619 (0.07)	0.742 (0.04)
tra	2.725 (0.33)	0.273 (0.01)	2.560 (0.63)	3.180 (0.46)	0.378 (0.11)	0.318 (0.06)	0.289 (0.02)	0.693 (0.09)	0.755 (0.07)
tre	2.521 (0.40)	0.264 (0.04)	2.367 (0.52)	3.109 (0.39)	0.366 (0.12)	0.307 (0.05)	0.290 (0.09)	0.701 (0.19)	0.767 (0.08)

Ecomorphological Attribute	Wilks’ λ	Partial λ	F	p-value
CI	0.0025	0.7732	7.821	<0.01
RD	0.0024	0.7797	7.534	<0.01
CPC	0.0042	0.4509	32.462	<0.01
PAF	0.0109	0.1745	126.167	<0.01
FVI	0.0034	0.5515	21.689	<0.01
RWCP	0.0022	0.8857	3.439	<0.01
RHCP	0.0052	0.3647	46.443	<0.01
RHH	0.0032	0.6024	17.600	<0.01
VEP	0.0024	0.7899	7.089	<0.01

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Instituto Internacional de Ecologia R. Bento Carlos, 750, 13560-660 São Carlos SP - Brasil, Tel. e Fax: (55 16) 3362-5400 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
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[TFN1] ^a
Froese and Pauly (2015); ^bMérona and Rankin-de-Mérona (2004).