Coproparasitological research in birds housed at the Sargento Prata Zoo, Fortaleza - Ceará, Brazil

Lemos, L. B. S.; Marques, A. R.; Lima, B. P.; Dias, B. V. A.; Fontão, C. C.; Ribeiro, C. D. S.; Freitas, C. M. P.; Schwinden, G. M.; Sampaio, I. F.; Silva, I. N. G.; Melo, L. S.; Melo, M. V. C.; Pascoal Filho, N. M.; Alves, P. V.; Teixeira, R. S. C.; Maciel, W. C.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.286120

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Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 84 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.286120 copy

Coproparasitological research in birds housed at the Sargento Prata Zoo, Fortaleza - Ceará, Brazil

Pesquisa coproparasitológica em aves alojadas no Zoológico Sargento Prata, Fortaleza - Ceará, Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Birds kept in captivity are subject to various diseases that affect their well-being, with parasites being among the most common. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of endoparasites in the feces of birds kept in captivity at Fortaleza Zoo, using the Willis Mollay and Hoffman techniques. Of the samples analyzed, 50.98% were positive for endoparasites, including the suborder Coccidia, the genera Capillaria spp., Strongyloides spp., Ascaridia spp., Libyostrongylus spp., cysts of a specific parasite of Ostriches, Balantidium spp., the Strongyloidea superfamily and cestodes. In conclusion, the wild birds in the zoo investigated had a diversity of endoparasites and a considerable infection rate.

Keywords:
endoparasites; birds; zoo; Coccidia; Capillaria

Filo	Order	Parasite	Absolute/Relative Frequency
Apicomplexa	Eucoccidiorida	Coccidia	10/51 (19.60%)
Ciliophora	Vestibuliferida	Ballantidium spp.	1/51 (1.96%)
Nematoda	Trichocephalida	Capillaria spp.	8/51 (15.68%)
	Rhabditida	Strongyloides spp.	7/51 (13.72%)
	Ascaridida	Ascaridia spp.	2/51 (3.92%)
	Strongylida	Libyostrongylus spp.	1/51 (1.96%)
		Strongyloidea	1/51 (1.96%)
Platyhelminthes	Cyclophyllidea	Cestodo	2/51 (3.92%)
Total positive samples			26/51 (50.98%)^* * Represents the total number of samples containing one or more parasites. Note: Mixed infections were observed in 12 samples (23.52%), where more than one parasite was detected per sample.

Order		Number of birds	Number of Birds in Individual Environments	Collective Environments (Total Birds Distributed in Enclosures)	Number of samples collected	Number of Positive Samples	Identification of eggs/oocyst
Rheiformes	Rhea americana ^† † Bird with blood in feces;	1	1	-	1	1	Coccidia (1), Balantidium sp.(1)
Struthioniformes	Struthio camelus	1	1	-	1	1	Libyostrongylus spp.(1)
Psittaciformes	Ara ararauna	5	5	-	5	1	Strongyloidea (1), Coccidia (1)
	Eupsittula cactorum ^‡ ‡ Bird with chronic neurological condition.	11	2	2 (9)	4	3	Capillaria spp. (2), Cestodo (1)
	Amazona aestiva	10	10	-	10	4	Capillaria (4), Strongyloides spp. (1)
	Ara chloropterus	2	2	-	2	1	Capillaria spp.(1)
	Amazona farinosa	2	2	-	2	1	Strongyloides spp.(1)
	Guaruba guarouba	1	1	-	1	-	-
	Ara macao + Ara ararauna ^* * Birds of different species in collective enclosures;	4*	-	1 (4)*	1*	1*	Coccidia (1)
	Ara ararauna + Ara chloropterus*	2*	-	1 (2)*	1*	1*	Coccidia (1)
	Aratinga jandaya + Psittacara leucophtalmus*	2*	-	1 (2)*	1*	1*	Capillaria spp.(1)
	Diopsittaca nobilis + Primolius maracana*	5*	-	1 (5)*	1*	-	-
Strigiformes	Megascops choliba	2	2	-	2	-	-
	Glaucidium brasilianum	2	2	-	2	2	Strongyloides spp.(1), Cestodo (1)
	Athene cunicularia	1	1	-	1	-	-
	Pulsatrix perspicillata	1	1	-	1	-	-
	Tyto furcata	1	1	-	1	1	Coccidia (1)
Piciformes	Ramphastos toco	7	1	1 (6)	2	-	-
	Ramphastos vitellinus	2	2	-	2	1	Strongyloides spp.(1)
Falconiformes	Falco femoralis	1	1	-	1	1	Coccidia (1)
	Caracara plancus	2	2	-	2	1	Coccidia (1)
Accipitriformes	Heterospizias meridionalis	1	1	-	1	-	-
	Rupornis magnirostris	1	1	-	1	-	-
Anseriformes	Dendrocygna viduata	4	-	1 (4)	1	-	-
	Spatula querquedula	2	-	1 (2)	2	2	Strongyloides spp.(2), Ascaridia spp.(1)
Cathartiformes	Sarcoramphus papa	1	1	-	1	1	Ascaridia spp.(1),Coccidia (1)
Columbiformes	Patagioenas picazuro	-	-	1	1	1	Strongyloides spp.(1), Coccidia (1)
Galliformes	Crax fasciolata	1	1	-	1	1	Coccidia (1)
Total	-	74	41	10	51	26/51	-

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[1] *e-mail: larab.lemoss@gmail.com