1 |
Adiantaceae |
7.9 |
|
|
|
Adiantum capillus-veneris L. |
Sumbal |
H |
Whole plant |
Juice |
11 |
0.08 |
|
Juice is use for constipation, pneumonia, and scorpion bites. |
R |
2 |
Equisetaceae |
24.3 |
|
|
|
Equisetum arvense L. |
Bndaky |
H |
Whole plant |
Juice |
34 |
0.24 |
|
Juice extract is used to treat kidney stones. |
V |
|
II. Gymnosperm
|
|
|
3 |
Cupressaceous |
6.4 |
|
|
|
Cupressus sempervirens L. |
Sarwa |
T |
Cone |
Powder |
9 |
0.06 |
|
The fruit is powdered, soaked in water and used as an anthelmintic and astringent. |
V |
4 |
Pinaceae |
55 |
|
|
|
Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson. |
Ghwargi |
T |
Resin |
Crude form |
29 |
0.21 |
|
The resin is mixed with butter and eaten before meals and is used in the treatment of facial acne, warts, and the expulsion of worms. |
V |
|
Abies pindrow Royle. |
Achar |
T |
Resin |
Crude form |
22 |
0.16 |
|
The resin is mixed with butter to treat warts and facial acne. |
R |
|
Cedrus deodara (Roxb. Ex. D. Don) G. Don |
deyar |
T |
Resin, oils |
Crude form |
26 |
0.19 |
|
Resin is mixed with yoghurt and used as an anthelmentic. Oil in a small amount is taken in water and used as a refrigerant, antiseptic, and antipyretic. |
V |
5 |
Taxaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13.6 |
|
|
|
Taxus wallichiana Zucc. |
Belanzai |
T |
leaves |
Decoction |
19 |
0.14 |
|
Leaves are boiled in water and used in hysteria and epilepsy. |
V |
|
III. Angiosperm
|
|
i. Monocotyledonae
|
6 |
Alliaceae |
55.7 |
|
|
|
Allium cepa L. |
Piyaz |
H |
leaves, bulb |
Juice, Crude form |
35 |
0.25 |
|
The bulb is used as an antiseptic. The leaves are diuretic and anthelmintic. |
V |
|
Allium sativum L. |
Oga |
H |
Leaves, bulb |
Crude form, decoction |
43 |
0.31 |
|
The bulb is eaten with bread to treat high blood pressure, heart diseases, and cough. The juice from the leaves and the bulb are also used as an approdiasic. |
V |
7 |
Amaryllidacae |
11.4 |
|
|
|
Narcissus tazetta L. |
Gulingas |
H |
Flowers |
Juice |
16 |
0.11 |
|
The juice of the flowers is antiallergic, purgative, and emetic. |
R |
8 |
Araceae |
25 |
|
|
|
Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott |
Marjarai |
H |
Rhizome, fruit |
Juice |
18 |
0.13 |
|
The juice of fresh rhizome is used against snake bite. |
R |
|
Sauromatum venosum (Dryand. ex Aiton) Kunth |
Marjaraibraga |
H |
Rhizome |
Juice |
17 |
0.12 |
|
The juice of fresh rhizome is used against snake bite. |
V |
9 |
Asparagaceae |
15 |
|
|
|
Asparagus gracilis Royle |
Halon |
S |
Whole plant |
Decoction |
21 |
0.15 |
|
Boiled in water and used as a diuretic and an aphrodisiac agent. |
V |
10 |
Liliaceae |
20.7 |
|
|
|
Polygonatum verticillatum All. |
Wormal |
H |
Rhizome |
Crude form |
29 |
0.21 |
|
The fresh rhizome is used to treat rheumatism and as an aphrodisiac. |
V |
11 |
Poaceae |
15.7 |
|
|
|
Avena fatua L. |
Jawdar |
H |
Seeds |
Decoction |
8 |
0.06 |
|
Boiled in water and used as an emollient, refrigerant, and diuretic. |
R |
|
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. |
Kabal |
H |
Whole plant |
Decoction, poultice |
14 |
0.1 |
|
Boiled along with rose flowers and used in the treatment of jaundice and dysentery. A poultice is used to treat piles. |
R |
|
ii. Dicotyledonae
|
12 |
Anacardiaceae |
20.7 |
|
|
|
Pistacia chinensis Bunge. |
Sharna |
T |
Bark |
Decoction |
29 |
0.21 |
|
Bark is boiled in water and used for curing wounds, hepatitis, and loss of appetite. |
V |
13 |
Apiaceae |
64.3 |
|
|
|
Coriandrum sativum L. |
Dhanya |
H |
Leaves, fruits |
Crude form, powder, decoction |
46 |
0.33 |
|
Leaf decoction is used in colic, as well as used as a carminative, diuretic, tonic, stomachic, and as a digestive stimulant. |
R |
|
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. |
Kaga |
H |
Leaves, fruits |
Crude form, powdere, juice |
44 |
0.31 |
|
Leaves and fruits are boiled in water or powder is mixed with little sugar and used in gastrointestinal disorders, abdominal pain, as wormicides and as digestive stimulants. |
R |
14 |
Apocynacae |
9.3 |
|
|
|
Nerium oleander L. |
Ganderay |
S |
Roots, leaves, flower |
Poultice |
13 |
0.09 |
|
Boiled in water and used externally for skin diseases. |
V |
15 |
Asclepiadaceae |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Brown |
Spalmy |
S |
Leaves, latex |
Powder |
21 |
0.15 |
|
Powder is mixed with butter and used to treat nausea, flu, and colds. |
R |
16 |
Asteraceae |
32.1 |
|
|
|
Artemisia santolinifolia Turez ex Krasch |
Tarkha |
H |
leaves |
Juice |
26 |
0.19 |
|
Used as a cooling agent and in worm expulsion in children. |
R |
|
Calendula arvensis L. |
Ziargulay |
H |
Leaves, flowers |
Powder |
19 |
0.14 |
|
The powder of flowers and leaves is used for the treatment of scrofula. It is also used as an anthelmintic and tonic. |
I |
17 |
Berberidaceae |
44.3 |
|
|
|
Berberis lycium Royle |
Kwaray |
S |
Root bark, leaves, fruits |
Powder |
62 |
0.44 |
|
Drank after being soaked in water to treat diabetes, wound healing, bone fracture, pain, and diarrhea |
V |
18 |
Brassicaceae |
11.4 |
|
|
|
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. |
Talmera |
H |
Whole plant |
Decoction |
16 |
0.11 |
|
Leaves are boiled in water and used as blood purifiers, diuretics, antiscorbics, and expectorants. |
R |
19 |
Buxaceae |
33.6 |
|
|
|
Sarcococca saligna (Don) Muell. |
Shenolay |
S |
leaves |
Juice |
47 |
0.34 |
|
Fresh juice is used to treat hepatitis and diabetes. Also lower cholesterol level. |
R |
20 |
Cannabaceae |
18.6 |
|
|
|
Cannabis sativa L. |
Bhang |
H |
leaves |
Juice |
26 |
0.19 |
|
The juice extract of the leaves is mixed with sugar and used as a refrigerant, sedative, pain reliever, and ulcer treatment. |
I |
21 |
Chenopodiaceae |
|
63.6 |
|
|
|
Chenopodium album L. |
Sarmai |
H |
Shoots |
Decoction |
17 |
0.12 |
|
The leaves are cooked and used for constipation and hepatitis. |
I |
|
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. |
Skhabotay |
H |
leaves |
Decoction, juice |
33 |
0.24 |
|
Decoction of leaves is used for the treatment of fever and germs. |
I |
|
Chenopodium botrys L. |
Kharawa |
H |
leaves |
Juice, powder |
39 |
0.28 |
|
Mixed with the mother's milk to control children's constipation. It is also used as an anthelmintic. The dried form of leaves is used to cure dysentery, odema, diarrhea, and hepatitis. |
I |
22 |
Euphorbiaceae |
35 |
|
|
|
Euphorbia helioscopia L. |
Mandano |
H |
Latex, leaves |
Powder |
19 |
0.14 |
|
The powder is taken with water to treat intestinal problems and constipation. Milky latex is roasted with an additive and applied to the skin to treat skin eruptions. |
I |
|
Andrachne cordifolia (Wall.exDcne.) Muell. Avg. |
Klachay |
S |
Leaves |
Decoction |
12 |
0.09 |
|
Boiled in water and used to treat diabetes. |
I |
|
Ricinus communis L. |
Arhanda |
S |
Roots, leaves, seed |
Decoction, poultice |
18 |
0.13 |
|
The decoction of leaves is poisonous, emetic, and purgative. The poultice leaves are applied to swellings. The seeds are sedative. Roots are useful for constipation and rheumatism. |
V |
23 |
Fagaceae |
50 |
|
|
|
Quercus baloot Griffth. |
Seri |
T |
Fruits |
Powder |
39 |
0.28 |
|
When combined with honey, the powder is used to treat joint pain and urinary tract infections. |
V |
|
Quercus incana Roxb. |
Banj |
T |
Bark |
Powder |
31 |
0.22 |
|
Powder is mixed with honey and used for bone fractures and urinary disorders. |
V |
24 |
Fumaraceae |
22.9 |
|
|
|
Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) H.N. |
Papra |
H |
Whole plant |
Decoction, juice |
32 |
0.23 |
|
The juice or decoction has antipyretic, blood purifying, diaphoretic, and refrigerant properties. Also used to treat whooping cough, sore throat, and malaria. |
V |
25 |
Geraniaceae |
47.1 |
|
|
|
Geranium wallichianum D. Don. Ex Sweet |
Sra Zeela |
H |
Rhizome |
Powder |
66 |
0.47 |
|
Rhizome’s powder is mixed with wheat flour, sugar, and desi ghee and cooked to make halwa. It is an efficient astringent, used for chronic dysentery, diarrhea, passive hemorrhages, backaches, and leucorrhoea. |
V |
26 |
Hypericaceae |
35 |
|
|
|
Hypericum perforatum L. |
Shin Chai |
H |
Whole plant |
Decoction |
49 |
0.35 |
|
Decoction is used for diarrhea, gastric disorders, and irregular menstruation. |
R |
27 |
Juglandaceae |
12.9 |
|
|
|
Juglans regia L. |
Ghuz |
T |
Bark |
Decoction |
18 |
0.13 |
|
Decoction is used for wound healing. |
V |
28 |
Lamiaceae |
231.4 |
|
|
|
Ajuga bracteosa Wall. Ex Benth. |
Gooti |
H |
Whole plant |
Juice |
54 |
0.39 |
|
Fresh plant juice is used to treat jaundice, hypertension, and sore throat. |
R |
|
Mentha arvensis L. |
Podina |
H |
Whole plant |
Juice, powder |
44 |
0.31 |
|
Powder or juice of the whole plant is mixed with curd and used to treat indigestion, vomiting, and abdominal pain. |
R |
|
Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. |
welanay |
H |
leaves |
Powder, juice |
52 |
0.37 |
|
Powder is soaked in water or mixed with sugar and used as a carminative. It is also used to treat indigestion, vomiting and cholera. |
R |
|
Micromeria biflora Benth. |
Naraybotay |
H |
Whole plant |
Juice |
29 |
0.21 |
|
Juice from fresh plants is used to treat stomach disorders. |
R |
|
Origanum vulgare L. |
Da Ghar Zankai |
H |
Whole plant |
Decoction, crude form |
17 |
0.12 |
|
Decoction is diuretic and is also used to treat toothaches and earaches. |
R |
|
Salvia moorcroftiana Wall. ex Bth. |
Kharghoag |
H |
leaves |
Poultice |
37 |
0.26 |
|
Leaf poultice is used for wound healing. |
I |
|
Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. |
Sperbotay |
H |
Whole plant |
Juice |
45 |
0.32 |
|
Juice from fresh plants is taken before meals for weight loss. It is also used to treat diabetes and stomach disorders. |
V |
|
Thymus linearis Bth. Ssp. Linearis Jalas |
Da ghar sperkai |
H |
whole plant |
Decoction |
46 |
0.33 |
|
The decoction is used to treat hepatitis, diabetes, colds, coughs, bronchial troubles, and to lower cholesterol. |
V |
29 |
Malvaceae |
5.7 |
|
|
|
Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. |
Bendi |
H |
Fruite, mucilage |
Juice |
8 |
0.06 |
|
The juice of fruit and mucilage is used to treat joint pains. |
R |
30 |
Meliaceae |
30 |
|
|
|
Melia azedarach L. |
Watani Shandai |
T |
Leaves |
Decoction |
42 |
0.3 |
|
The leaves' decoction is antidiabetic, a blood purifier and a wormifuge. |
R |
31 |
Moraceae |
45 |
|
|
|
Ficus palmata Forssk. |
Inzar |
T |
Fruits |
Crude form |
24 |
0.17 |
|
Fruit is mixed with milk and used for the removal of wort. It is also used to treat stomach disorders and constipation. |
V |
|
Morus alba L. |
Spin toot |
T |
Fruits |
Crude form |
17 |
0.12 |
|
Fresh fruit is used to treat constipation and improve digestion. |
V |
|
Morus nigra L. |
Toor toot |
T |
Fruit |
Crude form |
22 |
0.16 |
|
Fresh fruit is used as laxative, cooling agent and also used to treat cough. |
V |
32 |
Myrsinaceae |
37.1 |
|
|
|
Myrsine africana L. |
Manogaya |
S |
Leaves, fruits |
Juice, powder |
52 |
0.37 |
|
Fresh leaves and fruit juice or powder are soaked in water and used as an anthelmintic. |
R |
33 |
Myrtaceae |
30.7 |
|
|
|
Myrtus communis L. |
Manno |
S |
Leaves, seeds |
Decoction |
43 |
0.31 |
|
The leaves are boiled in water along with ghur and used to treat diarrhoea and stomach pain. |
V |
34 |
Nyctaginaceae |
7.1 |
|
|
|
Mirabilis jalapa L |
Mazigargulay |
H |
Roots |
Decoction, juice, powder |
10 |
0.07 |
|
The decoction, juice, and powder are used as purgatives, emetic, and cathartics. |
V |
35 |
Oleaceae |
37.9 |
|
|
|
Olea ferruginea Royle. |
Khona |
T |
Leaves, fruits |
Juice |
53 |
0.38 |
|
Fruit juice is used in diabetes. The leaves are used to treat sore throats and toothaches. |
V |
36 |
Oxalidaceae |
20 |
|
|
|
Oxalis corniculata L. |
Garday Taruky |
H |
Whole plant |
Juice |
28 |
0.2 |
|
Juice from fresh plants is used to treat stomach disorders and skin inflammation. |
R |
37 |
Fabaceae |
20.7 |
|
|
|
Indigofera heterantha Wall. ex Brand. |
Ghoraja |
S |
Roots bark, leaves, flowers |
Decoction, powder, juice |
29 |
0.21 |
|
Decoction, powder, or juice are used to treat abdominal pain. |
V |
38 |
Platanaceae |
9.3 |
|
|
|
Platanus orientalis L. |
Chinar |
T |
Bark |
Decoction |
13 |
0.09 |
|
Decoction of bark is mixed with vinegar and used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, rheumatism, and toothaches. |
E |
39 |
Polygonaceae |
72.9 |
|
|
|
Rumex dentatus L. |
Shalkhay |
H |
Leaves |
Decoction |
41 |
0.29 |
|
Leaves are boiled in water and used for skin rashes and wound healing. |
I |
|
Rumex hastatus D.Don |
Tarokai |
H |
Leaves |
Juice |
26 |
0.19 |
|
Juice from fresh plants is used as a purgative. It is also used to treat skin diseases and arthritis. |
I |
|
Bistorta amplexicaulis (D. Don) Green |
Spenshalkhay |
H |
Leaves, shoots |
Decoction |
22 |
0.16 |
|
The decoction of leaves and shoots is used to treat ulcers. It is also used as a carminative and tonic. |
I |
|
Polygonum barbatum L. |
Palpoluk. |
H |
Leaves |
Decoction |
13 |
0.09 |
|
Leaves are boiled in water and used for skin diseases. |
R |
40 |
Primulaceae |
8.6 |
|
|
|
Primula denticulata Wight. |
Chautargulay |
H |
Leaves, Rhizome |
Decoction, powder |
12 |
0.09 |
|
Rhizome powder is mixed with honey and vinegar and is applied for leucoderma, bacterial and ophthalmic diseases. |
V |
41 |
Punicaceae |
27.1 |
|
|
|
Punica grantaum L. |
Anunghoray |
T |
Leaves, bark, fruits |
Powder, crude form |
38 |
0.27 |
|
Fresh leaves are crushed and the extract is used for dysentery and checking for bleeding from the nose. Fruit is an astringent, laxative, cooling agent, and blood purifier. The bark of stems and roots is anthelmintic and antipyretic. |
E |
42 |
Ranunculaceae |
40.7 |
|
|
|
Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Ex Royle |
Sarbawali |
H |
Rhizome, flower |
Decoction, powder |
57 |
0.41 |
|
Decoction or powder of rhizome along with mutton is given to weak children to enhance their growth and physique. |
E |
43 |
Rhamnaceae |
35.7 |
|
|
|
Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight &Arn. |
Badra |
S |
Leaves, fruit |
Decoction, juice, poultice |
25 |
0.18 |
|
Leaves and fruits are boiled in water and used to treat ulcers and skin infections; the fruit is edible, astringent, and a cooling agent. |
V |
|
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. |
Markha |
T |
Leaves, fruits |
Decoction, juice |
25 |
0.18 |
|
Fruits are boiled in water and used as a blood purifier and a carminative. Leaves' juice is used to make a plaster in strangury. |
V |
44 |
Rosaceae |
70.7 |
|
|
|
Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke |
Gongrus |
H |
Leaves, fruit |
Crude form, juice |
24 |
0.17 |
|
Leaves and fruits are diuretic, astringent, and refrigerant. The leaves' extracts are used to treat coughs and sore throats. |
R |
|
Rosa webbiana Wall. ex Royle |
Zangaligulab |
S |
Leaves, flowers |
Decoction |
16 |
0.11 |
|
Leaves are boiled in water and used as memory stimulants, antispasmodics, and to improve digestion. Flowers are boiled and applied to treat foul ulcers and wounds. |
R |
|
Rubusfruticosus L. |
Karwara |
S |
Fruits |
Crude form |
21 |
0.15 |
|
Fresh fruits are used as a cooling agent. |
R |
|
Rubus ulmifolius Schott |
Karwara |
S |
Leaves, fruits |
Powder, decoction |
14 |
0.1 |
|
Fresh leaves are boiled and used as blood purifiers and refrigerants. It is also used to treat dysentery and diarrhea. |
R |
|
Prunus persica L. Batsch. |
Shaltalo |
T |
Leaves, fruits |
Powder, juice |
24 |
0.17 |
|
The powder is mixed with honey and used to treat stomach and liver disorders. Fresh fruits and a decoction of leaves are used to treat diabetes. |
V |
45 |
Rutaceae |
33.6 |
|
|
|
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. |
Dambara |
T |
Fruits, seeds |
Crude form, powder |
47 |
0.34 |
|
Fruits and seeds are powdered and used as cooling agents, as carminatives, stimulants, and antidiuretics. |
V |
46 |
Salicaceae |
9.3 |
|
|
|
Salix denticulata var. hazarica (R. Parker) Ali |
Betawla |
S |
Bark |
Decoction |
13 |
0.09 |
|
Decoction of bark is used as a febrifuge, astringent, and anthelmintic. Also used to treat fever. |
E |
47 |
Sapindaceae |
7.9 |
|
|
|
Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. |
Ghuraski |
S |
Leaves |
Poultice |
11 |
0.08 |
|
Warm leaves are kept on the wound to relive pain. |
R |
48 |
Saxifragaceae |
28.6 |
|
|
|
Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. |
Kakolpanra |
H |
Rhizome |
Decoction |
23 |
0.16 |
|
Rhizome is boiled in water and used to treat urinary disorders, stopping bleeding from wounds and dissolving kidney stones. |
R |
|
Bergenia stracheyi (H. & T.) Engl. |
Kakolpanra |
H |
Rhizome |
Powder |
17 |
0.12 |
|
Rhizome is powdered, mixed with milk and used for the treatment of kidney stones and diabetes. It is also a refrigerant. |
R |
49 |
Simaroubaceae |
12.9 |
|
|
|
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle |
Shandai |
T |
Leaves, flower |
Juice |
18 |
0.13 |
|
Bark juice is mixed with milk to treat dysentery and diarrhea. |
V |
50 |
Solanaceae |
38.6 |
|
|
|
Solanum nigrum L. |
Kachmachu |
H |
Leaves, fruits |
Juice, poultice |
21 |
0.15 |
|
Used to treat diarrhea, eye-troubles, and fever. The ripe fruits are used in piles. |
R |
|
Solanum surattense Burm. f. |
Maraghonay |
H |
Whole plant |
Decoction, powder |
33 |
0.24 |
|
Dried fruit powder is taken with water to treat diabetes. Leaves are boiled in water and taken before meals to treat kidney stones. Decoction of the whole plant is used as an expectorant, diuretic, anti-asthmatic, and carminative. |
V |
51 |
Thymelaeaceae |
12.9 |
|
|
|
Daphne mucronata Royle |
Leghunai |
S |
Whole plant |
Decoction |
18 |
0.13 |
|
Roots are crushed, boiled and used to treat abdominal pain, swellings, wounds, and gastrointestinal irritation. |
V |
52 |
Trilliaceae |
38.6 |
|
|
|
Trillium govanianum Wall. ex Royle. |
Matarjarai |
H |
Rhizome |
Powder |
54 |
0.39 |
|
The powder is mixed with wheat flour, sugar, and cooked in desi ghee to make halwa and is used to treat menstrual disorders, infertility, and improve aphrodisiac properties. |
E |
53 |
Ulmaceae |
9.3 |
|
|
|
Celtis caucasica Willd. |
Taghaga |
T |
Bark |
Decoction |
13 |
0.09 |
|
Boiled in water and used as a cooling agent. |
V |
54 |
Valerianaceae |
35 |
|
|
|
Valeriana jatamansi Jones. |
Mashkibhala |
H |
Rhizome |
Powder, decoction |
49 |
0.35 |
|
The powder of rhizome is mixed with a little sugar and used as a carminative and antispasmodic, while the decoction is used to treat dysentery and cholera. |
V |
55 |
Verbenaceae |
7.1 |
|
|
|
Verbena officinalis L. |
Shomakai |
H |
Whole plant |
Decoction |
10 |
0.07 |
|
Boiled in water with sugar and used before meals to treat fever. |
R |
56 |
Violaceae |
42.9 |
|
|
|
Viola canescens Wall. Ex Roxber |
Toorapanra |
H |
Whole plant |
Decoction |
60 |
0.43 |
|
Boiled in water or taken with tea to treat fever, cough, asthma and coolness of the body. |
I |
57 |
Vitaceae |
26.4 |
|
|
|
Vitis vinifera L. |
Kwar |
C |
Whole plant |
Poultice, decoction |
37 |
0.26 |
|
The leaves are used to treat mouth sores. Roots are boiled in water and used to induce milk secretion in nursing mothers. The fruits are diuretic, tonic. Also used to treat smallpox. |
V |