L. acidophilus, |
102 to 1010 CFU/mL |
C. albicans, |
1.5×103 to 106 CFU/mL |
Co-aggregation; |
Both L. acidophilus and L. plantarum inhibited the growth of most of the oral Candida species, isolated from HIV/AIDS patients. |
Salari and Almani (2020)SALARI, S. and ALMANI, P.G.N., 2020. Antifungal effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum against different oral Candida species isolated from HIV/AIDS patients: an in vitro study. Journal of Oral Microbiology, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1769386. http://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2020.1769386. PMid:32922676. http://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2020.176...
|
L. plantarum
|
C. parapsilosis, |
Agar overlay interference; |
|
C. glabrata, |
MIC. |
|
C. kefyr and
|
|
|
C. krusei
|
|
L. paracasei 28.4 |
106 to 109 cells/mL |
C. albicans (ATCC 18804), |
106 to 107 cells/mL |
Agar overlay interference; |
The probiotic-gellan gum formulations provide a released of L. paracasei cells of 24 h; showed inhibitory, anti-biofilm and anti-hyphae activity. |
Ribeiro et al. (2020)RIBEIRO, F.C., JUNQUEIRA, J.C., DOS SANTOS, J.D., DE BARROS, P.P., ROSSONI, R.D., SHUKLA, S., FUCHS, B.B., SHUKLA, A. and MYLONAKIS, E., 2020. Development of probiotic formulations for oral candidiasis prevention: gellan gum as a carrier to deliver Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 64, no. 6, e02323-19. http://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02323-19. PMid:32253208. http://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02323-19...
|
C. albicans 60, |
Biofilm; |
C. albicans 14 |
Effect of formulation on hyphae production. |
L. acidophilus (ATCC 4356), |
1x107 cells/mL |
C. albicans (ATCC 10231) |
1x10 6 cells/mL |
Disk diffusion susceptibility test; |
L. casei and L. rhamnosus GG exhibited stronger antifungal activity against blastoconidia and biofilm of C. albicans, as well as inhibited formation of Candida biofilm on denture surface. |
Song and Lee (2017)SONG, Y.G. and LEE, S.H., 2017. Inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus casei on Candida biofilm of denture surface. Archives of Oral Biology, vol. 76, pp. 1-6. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.12.014. PMid:28063305. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.201...
|
L. casei (ATCC 334), |
Biofilm; |
L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) |
MIC. |
L. paracasei (1.1, 3.1, 4.2, 6.2, 7.5, 8.4, 10.5, 11.6, 15.8, 16.4, 17.1, 20.3, 21.4, 23.4, 24.1, 25.4, 26.1, 27.1, 28.4, 37.1, 39.2), |
107 cells/mL Supernatant |
C. albicans ATCC 18804, |
107 cells mL−1
|
Antibacterial activities in planktonic cultures; |
L. rhamnosus 5.2, L. fermentum 20.4 and L. paracasei 28.4 exhibited the most significant inhibitory activity against C. albicans (ATCC 18804). The three strains of lactobacillus down-regulated expression of C. albicans biofilm specific genes (ALS3, HWP1, CPH1 and EFG1) |
Rossoni et al. (2018)ROSSONI, R.D., BARROS, P.P., DE ALVARENGA, J.A., RIBEIRO, F.C., VELLOSO, M.D.S., FUCHS, B.B., MYLONAKIS, E., JORGE, A.O.C. and JUNQUEIRA, J.C., 2018. Antifungal activity of clinical Lactobacillus strains against Candida albicans biofilms: identification of potential probiotic candidates to prevent oral candidiasis. Biofouling, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 212-225. http://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2018.1425402. PMid:29380647. http://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2018.142...
|
L. rhamnosus (5.2, 13.1, 19.3, 19.9, 36.4), |
C. albicans CA60 and CA230S |
Biofilm; |
L. fermentum (14.5, 20.4, 31.4) |
|
C. albicans gene expression by RT-PCR. |
L. reuteri (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289) |
103 to 109 CFU/mL |
C. albicans (CBS 562 NT and CCUG 46390), |
0.2 at 500 nm |
Co-aggregation; |
Both L. reuteri strains showed co-aggregation abilities with the yeasts. The lactobacilli almost completely inhibited the growth of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis, but did not affect C. krusei. |
Jorgensen et al. (2017)JØRGENSEN, M.R., KRAGELUND, C., JENSEN, P.Ø., KELLER, M.K. and TWETMAN, S., 2017. Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri has antifungal effects on oral Candida species in vitro. Journal of Oral Microbiology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1274582. http://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2016.1274582. PMid:28326154. http://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2016.127...
|
supernatant |
C. dubliniensis (41_3 ZZMK and CCUG 48722), |
Agar overlay interference test; |
The pH measurements suggested that C. krusei can resist the acids produced by the lactobacilli. |
|
C. glabrata (CBS 863 and |
pH effect; |
|
|
CCUG 63819), |
H2O2 production by the lactobacilli. |
|
|
C. krusei (RV 491 and CCUG 56126), |
|
|
|
C. parapsilosis (26 PBS and CCUG 56136), |
|
|
|
C. tropicalis (DSM 7524 and CCUG 47037). |
|
|
L. rhamnosus GG |
OD600 of 0.669 |
C. albicans (SC 5314) |
5x106 /mL |
Cell culture and generation of three-dimensional mucosal models; Infection of RHOEs and TR146 cell monolayers; Epithelial cell damage; ELISA, Adhesion and Invasion assays; Quantification of RNA-Seq; DNA sequencing. |
L. rhamnosus protects oral epithelia against C. albicans infection by preventing fungal adhesion, invasion and damage in model of oral candidiasis. |
Mailander-Sánchez et al. (2017)MAILÄNDER-SÁNCHEZ, D., BRAUNSDORF, C., GRUMAZ, C., MÜLLER, C., LORENZ, S., STEVENS, P., WAGENER, J., HEBECKER, B., HUBE, B., BRACHER, F., SOHN, K. and SCHALLER, M., 2017. Antifungal defense of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is mediated by blocking adhesion and nutrient depletion. PLoS One, vol. 12, no. 10, e0184438. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184438. PMid:29023454. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184...
|
Transcriptional profiling using RNA-Seq indicated dramatic metabolic reprogramming of C. albicans. |
Lactobacillus gasseri
|
Cell-free Supernatants |
C. tropicalis
|
OD600 0.1 or OD600 0.01 |
Biofilm; |
The lactobacilli supernatants reduced the biofilm formation of all non-Candida species. |
Tan et al. (2018)TAN, Y., LEONHARD, M., MOSER, D., MA, S. and SCHNEIDER-STICKLER, B., 2018. Inhibitory effect of probiotic lactobacilli supernatants on single and mixed non-albicans Candida species biofilm. Archives of Oral Biology, vol. 85, pp. 40-45. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.10.002. PMid:29031236. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.201...
|
L. rhamnosus
|
C. krusei
|
Cell viability; |
Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that lactobacilli supernatants inhibited the mixed biofilms and damaged the cells. |
|
C. parapsilosis
|
Scanning electron microscopy. |
|
L. plantarum SD5870 |
5x106
|
C. albicans TIMM 1768 |
1x10 6 to 1x107 UFC |
Biofilm, Candida gene analysis (qPCR) |
Combinations of live probiotics or their supernatants reduced biofilm formation of C. albicans. |
James et al. (2016)JAMES, K.M., MACDONALD, K.W., CHANYI, R.M., CADIEUX, P.A. and BURTON, J.P., 2016. Inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation and modulation of gene expression by probiotic cells and supernatant. Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 328-336. http://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000226. PMid:26847045. http://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000226...
|
L. helveticus CBS N116411 |
Supernatants |
Supernatants significantly reduced the expression of several C. albicans genes critical to the yeast-hyphae transition, biofilm formation, tissue invasion and cellular damage. |