Consequential study on different levels of C/N ratios used in biofloc-based aquaculture system

Tayyab, K.; Aslam, S.; Ghauri, M. A.; Abbas, A. S.; Hussain, A.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.248878

Brasil

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 83 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.248878 linkcopy

Consequential study on different levels of C/N ratios used in biofloc-based aquaculture system

Estudo consequente sobre diferentes níveis de proporções C/N utilizadas no sistema de aquicultura à base de biofloc

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Biofloc technology is much highlighted these days because of its tremendous effects on aquaculture. Microbes were enriched on cheapest organic carbon source i. e., powdered banana peels and were incorporated in different aquaria rearing grass carp fingerlings under different C/N treatments (10:1, 15:1 and 20:1) and 10% water daily water exchange. The initial growth of fingerlings was recorded. The experiment was settled in triplicates for 60 days and run parallel to control group provided with commercial feed and daily water exchange. Its effect was evaluated by measuring the growth of fingerlings and water parameters of each aquarium. The average % gain in weight and length of fingerlings was obtained significantly highest (28.12 ± 0.30g and 17.29 ± 0.46cm respectively) in aquaria containing pure powdered banana peels with 10% water exchange and C/N ratio was adjusted at 20: 1 (T3) than other treatments and control. Ammonia and other water parameters were also under control in T3 than other experimental and control groups. By all counts, it was concluded that the highest C/N ratio in biofloc system had the potential to increment C. idella growth rate by reducing toxicity and could be used as fish meal substitute.

Keywords: biofloc technology; C/N ratio; microbial flocs; metagenomics; aquatic toxicity

Treatment groups	Varied C/N ratios in aquaria fed with agri waste and 10% water exchange	Average Initial weight (g)	Average Final weight (g)	%gain in weight (g)	Average Initial length (cm)	Average Final length (cm)	%gain in length (cm)	FCR	%Specific growth rate	% survival
T1	Pure agri waste and 10% water exchange at C/N = 10:1	22.46	26.66	18.72±0.36^c	25.55	27.40	7.22±0.25^c	0.07±0.001^c	7.01±0.13^c	100
T2	Pure agri waste and 10% water exchange at C/N = 15:1	21.81	26.64	22.12±0.37^b	24.76	27.96	12.91±0.49^b	0.06±0.001^b	8.04±0.09^b	100
T3	Pure agri waste and 10% water exchange at C/N = 20:1	22.07	28.28	28.12±0.30^a	24.86	29.16	17.29±0.46^a	0.04±0.001^a	10.34±0.04^a	100
T4	Controlled (commercial feed and daily water exchange)	22.08	28.52	29.13±0.51^a	25.65	30.46	18.77±0.10^a	0.04±0.0005^a	10.72±0.22^a	100
p-value		<0.05

Treatment groups	Treatments under C/N ratios vs control	Physicochemical parameters of experimental and control tanks at 30^oC temperature
Treatment groups	Treatments under C/N ratios vs control	NH₃ conc. (mg/L)	Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)	Salinity (g/L)	pH	Free carbon dioxide	Cl (ppm)	Nitrate	Phosphate	Electrical conductivity (ms)	TDS (mg/L)	Turbidity
T1	Pure agri waste and 10% water exchange at C/N = 10:1	0.03 ^a ±0.002	33.08 ^c ±0.21	1.8 ^a ±0.04	8.3 ^a ±0.04	2.63 ^b ±0.01	1346^a ±2.05	0.563 ^c ±0.001	0.233 ^d ±0.003	5.19 ^b ±0.03	3258 ^a ±2.49	23.40 ^c ±0.02
T2	Pure agri waste and 10% water exchange at C/N = 15:1	0.02 ^b ±0.004	34.21 ^bc ±0.38	1.7 ^a ±0.04	8.2 ^a ±0.17	2.54 ^b ±0.05	1323^b ±1.70	0.757 ^b ±0.006	0.347 ^c ±0.002	5.35 ^a ±0.02	3252 ^a ±4.55	23.67 ^b ±0.03
T3	Pure agri waste and 10% water exchange at C/N = 20:1	0.01 ^b ±0.00	34.89 ^ab ±0.08	1.8 ^a ±0.04	8.3 ^a ±0.04	2.59 ^b ±0.01	1315^b ±1.24	0.768 ^b ±0.001	0.598 ^b ±0.00	5.46 ^a ±0.01	3265 ^a ±3.56	23.92 ^a ±0.01
T4	Controlled	0.02 ^b ±0.004	35.54 ^a ±0.05	1.2 ^b ±0.04	8.1 ^a ±0.04	2.87 ^a ±0.004	1234^c ±1.24	0.889 ^a ±0.001	0.765 ^a ±0.00	1.92 ^c ±0.009	926 ^b ±1.70	10.75 ^d ±0.008

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[1] Means within columns having different superscripts are significantly different at P < 0.05. Means sharing same superscripts are non significant to each other. Values are means ±SD of triplicates.