Population distribution and habitat analysis of Rufous treepie (<i>Dendrocitta vagabunda)</i> in Abbottabad, Pakistan

Khan, R. A.; Ullah, Z.; Zaman, I. Uz; Khan, M. S.; Mahmood, S.; Akhtar, N.; Khan, M. F.; Yasmin, S.; Saqlain, M.; Rehman, A. Ur; Aksar, N.; Khan, S. N.; Hussain, S. S.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.247018

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Original Article • Braz. J. Biol. 83 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.247018 linkcopy

Population distribution and habitat analysis of Rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) in Abbottabad, Pakistan

Distribuição da população e análise de habitat de Rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) em Abbottabad, Paquistão

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The Rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) belongs to family corvidae, order Passeriformes which includes about 100 species. The current study was conducted to gather information about the Population distribution and habitat analysis of D. vagabunda at District Abbottabad, Pakistan. The data were collected on monthly basis both morning and evening times (2018-2019). “The ‘’Point count Method” was used for population estimation and ‘’Quadrates Method” for habitat analysis of study area. The result shows an average month-wise population density of D. vagabunda was maximum at Jhangra 0.14±0.039/ha, whereas minimum at Havelian 0.11±0.022/ha. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) among monthly population densities of D. vagabunda, however, a significant difference (p<0.05) was found between morning and evening times population of the specie. The present study revealed that importance value index (IVI) of plants species at Sherwan, Bakot, Havelian, Langra and Jhangra were 59.6±12.6, 50.1±6.9, 53.4±6.3, 66.8±10 and 60.1±7.7. Likewise, the frequency of shrubs at Sherwan, Bakot, Havelian, Langra and Jhangra were 33.3±4.2, 45±9.4, 46.7±8.2, 55.6±22.2 and 37.5±8.5. Similarly, the frequency of herbs at Sherwan, Bakot, Havelian, Langra and Jhangra were 40.4±6.0, 37.5±5.6, 53.3±7.4, 48.5±5.2 and 46.9±7.4 respectively. Our results show the study area as suitable habitat for D. vagabunda.

Keywords: population; quadrate method; habitat analysis; Abbottabad; Dendrocitta vagabunda

Study sites	Area in ha	Population density/ha	Total population	P-value
Sherwan	1376	0.13±0.035	47
Bakot	1422	0.13±0.029	51
Havelian	1613	0.11±0.022	61
Langra	1706	0.11±0.033	57
Jhangra	825	0.14±0.039	31
Total	1388.40±342.78	0.12±0.031	247	*(p>0.05)*

Tehsil	Study sites	Area in ha	Day Time	Population Density/ha	Total population	P (T<=t) one-tail	P (T<=t) two-tail
Abbottabad	Sherwan	1376	Morning time	0.038±0.0039	52
			Evening time	0.032±0.0019	44
	Bakot	1422	Morning time	0.031±0.0032	44
			Evening time	0.028±0.0032	40
Havelian	Havelian	1613	Morning time	0.037±0.0042	60
			Evening time	0.036±0.0025	58
	Langra	1706	Morning time	0.042±0.0047	72
			Evening time	0.033±0.0054	56
	Jhangra	825	Morning time	0.037±0.0038	31
			Evening time	0.035±0.0026	29
Total		6942			486
Mean±S.D		1388.40±342.78	Morning time		51.80±15.56
			Evening time		45.40±11.95
						0.004449923	0.008899846

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ 10 m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency	Relative Dominance	IVI
1	Celtis caucasica	0.05	0.04	25	6.66	25	31.7
2	Ficus palmate	0.15	0.12	50	13.3	50	63.42
3	Grewia optiva	0.22	0.19	100	26.66	100	126.85
4	Melia azedarach	0.02	0.02	25	6.66	25	31.68
5	Morus alba	0.02	0.02	25	6.66	25	31.68
6	Olea ferruginea Royle	0.07	0.63	25	6.66	25	32.29
7	Pinus roxburghii	0.45	0.38	50	13.3	50	63.68
8	Zanthoxylum armatum	0.17	0.14	75	20	75	95.14
	Mean±S.E	0.1±0.05	0.2±0.08	46.9±10	12.5±2.7	46.9±10	59.6±12.6

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ 5 m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency
9	Barleria cristata	0.2	0.04	25	7.69
10	Berberis vulgaris	0.3	0.07	25	7.69
11	Elaeagnus umbellate	0.05	0.01	25	7.69
12	Daphne mucronata	0.2	0.04	25	7.69
13	Dicliptera clinopodia	0.4	0.09	25	7.69
14	Dodonaea viscosa	0.2	0.04	50	15.38
15	Malvastrum coromandelianm	1.4	0.34	50	15.38
16	Punica granatum	0.5	0.12	25	15.38
17	Rumex hastatus	0.85	0.2	50	15.38
	Mean±S.E	0.5±0.14	0.1±0.03	33.3±4.2	11.1±1.4

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency
18	Alternanthera pungens	1.75	0.05	25	4.76
19	Amaranthus spinosus	1.25	0.03	25	4.76
20	Clematis graveolens	0.75	0.02	50	9.52
21	Conyza canadensis	2.5	0.07	25	4.76
22	Dichanthium annulatum	3.75	0.11	25	4.76
23	Eleusine indica	5.5	0.16	50	9.52
24	Eragrostis curvula	3.75	0.11	50	9.52
25	Euphorbia hirta	1.75	0.05	50	9.52
26	Geranium dalmaticum	4.5	0.13	100	19.04
27	Oxalis corniculata	3.25	0.09	50	9.52
28	Pennisetum hohenackeri	3	0.09	25	4.76
29	Plantago lanceolata	0.25	0.007	25	4.76
30	Tagetes minuta	1	0.03	25	4.76
	Mean±S.E	2.5±0.44	0.1±0.01	40.4±6.0	7.7±1.1

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ 10 m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency	Relative Dominance	IVI
31	Acacia modesta	0.22	0.12	75	18.75	75	93.87
32	Ailanthus altissima	0.5	0.27	50	12.5	50	62.77
33	Broussonetia papyrifera	0.07	0.04	25	6.25	25	31.29
34	Ficus palmate	0.3	0.16	50	12.5	50	62.66
35	Melia azedarach	0.02	0.01	25	6.25	25	31.26
36	Morus alba	0.1	0.05	50	12.5	50	62.55
37	Pinus roxburghii	0.05	0.02	25	6.25	25	31.27
38	Populus grandidentata Michx	0.07	0.04	25	6.25	25	31.29
39	Robinia pseudoacacia	0.4	0.21	50	12.5	50	62.71
40	Vitex pinnata	0.07	0.04	25	6.25	25	31.29
	Mean±S.E	0.2±0.05	0.1±0.03	40±5.5	10±1.4	40±5.5	50.1±6.9

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/5 m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency
41	Barleria cristata	0.5	0.19	50	22.22
42	Malvastrum coromandelianum	1.05	0.4	75	33.33
43	Dicliptera clinopodia	0.25	0.09	25	11.11
44	Solanum pseudocapsicum	0.2	0.07	25	11.11
45	Dodonaea viscosa	0.6	0.23	50	22.22
	Mean±S.E	0.5±0.15	0.2±0.06	45±9.4	20±4.2

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency
46	Aristida purpurea	2.25	0.08	25	6.66
47	Mentha longifolia	2.75	0.12	25	6.66
48	Cannabis sativa	3	0.11	25	6.66
49	Conyza canadensis	4.75	0.17	50	13.33
50	Dichanthium annulatum	1.5	0.05	25	6.66
51	Digitaria ciliaris	1.25	0.04	25	6.66
52	Eragrostis curvula	4.25	0.15	50	13.33
53	Parthenium hysterophorus	6	0.22	75	20
54	Themeda anathera	1	0.009	25	6.66
55	Tagetes minuta	3	0.02	50	13.33
	Mean±S.E	3±0.51	0.1±0.02	37.5±5.6	10±1.5

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ 10 m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency	Relative Dominance	IVI
56	Acacia modesta	0.17	0.16	33.33	7.69	33.33	41.18
57	Ailanthus altissima	0.07	0.06	33.33	7.69	33.33	41.08
58	Albizia procera (Roxb) Benth	0.02	0.02	33.33	7.69	33.33	41.04
59	Broussonetia papyrifera	0.27	0.25	66.66	15.38	66.66	82.29
60	Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dalbergia sissoo	0.05	0.04	33.33	7.69	33.33	41.06
61	Ficus palmate	0.15	0.13	66.66	15.38	66.66	82.17
62	Melia azedarach	0.12	0.11	66.66	15.38	66.66	82.15
63	Olea ferruginea Royle	0.02	0.02	33.33	7.69	33.33	41.04
64	Robinia pseudoacacia	0.1	0.09	33.33	7.69	33.33	41.11
65		0.07	0.06	33.33	7.69	33.33	41.08
	Mean±S.E	0.1±0.02	0.1±0.02	43.3±5.1	10±1.2	43.3±5.1	53.4±6.3

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ 5 m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency
66	Dicliptera clinopodia	0.46	0.15	33.33	14.28
67	Malvastrum coromandelianum	2.06	0.67	66.66	28.57
68	Punica granatum	0.13	0.04	33.33	14.28
69	Rumex hastatus	0.33	0.1	66.66	28.57
70	Ziziphus lotus	0.06	0.02	33.33	14.28
	Mean±S.E	0.6±0.37	0.2±0.12	46.7±8.2	20±3.5

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency
71	Achyranthes aspera lin	0.33	0.006	33.33	6.24
72	Alternanthera pungens	3	0.05	33.33	6.24
73	Cannabis sativa	7.66	0.15	66.66	12.49
74	Chenopodium ambrosioides	2	0.03	33.33	6.24
75	Cynodon dactylon	9.66	0.18	66.66	12.49
76	Ipomoea purpurea	1	0.01	33.33	6.24
77	Parthenium hysterophorus	7	0.13	66.66	12.49
78	Pennisetum hohenackeri	6	0.11	33.33	6.24
79	Oxalis corniculata	7	0.13	66.66	12.49
80	Rumex crispus	7.33	0.14	100	18.75
	Mean±S.E	5.1±1.02	0.1±0.02	53.3±7.4	10±1.4

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ 10 m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency	Relative Dominance	IVI
81	Broussonetia papyrifera	0.7	0.56	66.66	22.22	66.66	89.44
82	Dalbergia sissoo	0.16	0.13	66.66	22.22	66.66	89.01
83	Eucalyptus camaldulensis	0.03	0.02	33.33	11.11	33.33	44.46
84	Ficus palmate	0.23	0.18	66.66	22.22	66.66	89.06
85	Grewia optiva	0.06	0.05	33.33	11.11	33.33	44.49
86	Morus alba	0.03	0.02	33.33	11.11	33.33	44.46
	Mean±S.E	0.2±0.10	0.2±0.08	50±7.5	16.7±2.5	50±7.5	66.8±10

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/5 m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency
87	Dicliptera clinopodia	0.2	0.06	33.33	19.99
88	Justicia adhatoda	0.33	0.1	33.33	19.99
89	Malvastrum coromandelianum	2.66	0.83	100	60
	Mean±S.E	1.1±0.80	0.3±0.25	55.6±22.2	33.3±13.3

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency
90	Achyranthes aspera linn	1	0.025	33.33	6.25
91	Amaranthus spinosus	1	0.025	33.33	6.25
92	Alternanthera pungens	4.33	0.108	33.33	6.25
93	Cannabis sativa	2.66	0.066	66.66	12.5
94	Chenopodium album	0.66	0.016	33.33	6.25
95	Cynodon dactylon	7.5	0.225	66.66	12.5
96	Dactyloctenium aegyptium	4.66	0.116	33.33	6.25
97	Eleusine indica	3	0.075	33.33	6.25
98	Oxalis corniculata	6	0.15	66.66	12.5
99	Parthenium hysterophorus	3.33	0.083	66.66	12.5
100	Rumex crispus	4.33	0.108	66.66	12.5
	Mean±S.E	3.5±0.65	0.1±0.02	48.5±5.2	9.1±1.0

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ 10 m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency	Relative Dominance	IVI
101	Acacia modesta	0.17	0.1	75	15	75	90.1
102	Ailanthus altissima	0.07	0.04	50	10	50	60.04
103	Broussonetia papyrifera	0.57	0.34	75	15	75	90.34
104	Dalbergia sissoo	0.12	0.07	25	5	25	30.07
105	Ficus palmata	0.07	0.04	25	5	25	30.04
106	Grewia optiva	0.07	0.04	50	10	50	60.04
107	Melia azedarach	0.1	0.05	50	10	50	60.05
108	Morus alba	0.05	0.03	50	10	50	60.03
109	Olea ferruginea Royle	0.27	0.16	75	15	75	90.16
110	Zanthoxylum armatum	0.15	0.08	25	5	25	30.08
	Mean±S.E	0.2±0.05	0.1±0.03	50±6.45	10±1.29	50±6.45	60.1±7.7

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ 5 m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency
111	Barleria cristata	0.55	0.11	50	22.22
112	Calotropis gigantean	0.15	0.03	25	11.11
113	Dicliptera clinopodia	0.5	0.1	25	11.11
114	Elaeagnus umbellate	0.1	0.02	25	11.11
115	Justicia adhatoda	0.85	0.18	25	11.11
116	Malvastrum coromandelianum	2.55	0.54	75	33.33
	Mean±S.E	0.8±0.37	0.2±0.08	37.5±8.5	16.7±3.8

Sr. No	Scientific Name	Density/ m²	Relative Density	Frequency	Relative Frequency
117	Cannabis sativa	3.5	0.09	50	13.33
118	Eragrostis curvula	4.5	0.12	25	6.66
119	Euphorbia hirta	1.25	0.03	25	6.66
120	Dichanthium annulatum	9.25	0.26	50	13.33
121	Oxalis corniculata	8.75	0.24	75	20
122	Parthenium hysterophorus	5.25	0.14	75	20
124	Rhynchosia minima	0.25	0.007	25	6.66
125	Rumex crispus	2.5	0.07	50	13.33
	Mean±S.E	4.4±1.16	0.1±0.03	46.9±7.4	12.5±2.0

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[1] Total population = No of D. vagabunda in all transect × Total area of study sites. Total selected study area of Abbottabad = 6942 hectares. The average collective population at morning and evening times was estimated to be 486.