Effects of ethanol consumption and alcohol detoxification on the biomechanics and morphology the bone in rat femurs

Garcia, J. A. D.; Souza, A. L. T.; Cruz, L. H. C.; Marques, P. P.; Camilli, J. A.; Nakagaki, W. R.; Esteves, A.; Rossi-Junior, W. C.; Fernandes, G. J. M.; Guerra, F. D.; Soares, E. A.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.04814

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Articles • Braz. J. Biol. 75 (4) • Nov 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.04814 copy

Effects of ethanol consumption and alcohol detoxification on the biomechanics and morphology the bone in rat femurs

Efeitos do consumo de etanol e da desintoxicação alcóolica sobre a biomecânica e morfologia óssea em fêmur de ratos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this study was to verify the effects of ethanol consumption and alcohol detoxification on the biomechanics, area and thickness of cortical and trabecular bone in rat femur. This was an experimental study in which 18 male Wistar rats were used, with 40 days of age, weighing 179±2.5 g. The rats were divided into three groups (n=06): CT (control), AC (chronic alcoholic), DT (detoxification). After experimental procedures, the animals were euthanized by an overdose of the anesthetic and their femurs were collected for mechanical testing and histological processing. All animals did not present malnutrition or dehydration during experimentation period. Morphometric analysis of cortical and trabecular bones in rat femurs demonstrated that AC animals showed inferior dimensions and alcohol detoxification (DT) allowed an enhancement in area and thickness of cortical and trabecular bone. Material and structural properties data of AC group highlighted the harmful effects of ethanol on bone mechanical properties. The results of this study demonstrated that chronic alcoholic rats (AC) presented major bone damage in all analyzed variables. Those findings suggested that alcohol detoxification is highly suggested in pre-operative planning and this corroborates to the success of bone surgery and bone tissue repair. Thanks to the financial support offered by PROBIC – UNIFENAS.

Keywords:
ethanol; rats; bone; alcoholism; detoxification

Group	Protocol experiment
	4 weeks	6 weeks	4 weeks
CT	Water	Water	Water
AC	Ethanol (0, 5, 10 and 15%)^* * Period of adaptation.	Ethanol (15%)	Ethanol (15%)
DT	Ethanol (0, 5, 10 and 15%)^* * Period of adaptation.	Ethanol (15%)	Ethanol (10, 5 and 0%)^ Period of detoxication.

Variable	CT	AC	DT
N	06	06	06
∆P (g)	289±2.1^a	283±1.2^a	281±1.2^a
Solid intake (g)	42±0.6^a	42±0.5^a	40±1.5^b
Fluid intake (mL)	59±1.3^a	45±0.6^b	47±0.6^b

Medida	CT	AC	DT
FL (mm)	23.3±0.4^a	23.5±0.3^a	23.2±0.3^a
PW (mm)	9.0±0.10^a	8.8±0.10^a	8.7±0.10^a
WDia (mm)	6.4±0.2^a	6.0±0.2^a	6.2±0.1^a
DW (mm)	7.8±0.16^a	7.7±0.17^a	7.7±0.16^a
TA (mm²)	14.5±0.2^a	10.6±0.1^b	11.5±0.1^b
TT (mm)	1.2±0.02^a	0.95±0.15^b	1.1±0.02^a
CA (mm²)	23.2±0.1^a	17.3±0.15^b	18±0.14^b
CT (mm)	3.9±0.02^a	2.3±0.01^b	2.4±0.01^b

Mechanical properties	CT	AC	DT
Maximum load (N)	169±35^a	102±19^b	145±15^c
Displacement (mm)	0,68±0,3^a	0,42±2,3^b	0,6±0,3^a
Stiffness (N/mm)	112.0±17.7^a	35.19±8.3^b	92.0±57.56^a
Maximum stress (MPa)	26.0±7.0^a	16.8±2.1^b	25.7±6.9^a
Elastic modulus (MPa)	80.3±40^a	29.0±8.70^b	83±42^a
Strain (MPa)	0.15±0.01^a	0.28±0.07^b	0.22±0.10^a

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