Metagenomics and vegetative growth of <i>Salvia hispanica</i> inoculated with <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>

Figure 1
Marginal averages estimated for: A: Height of chia plants as a function of inoculant dose and assessment period in days after planting (D); A: Height of chia plants as a function of time. This variable was not affected by the inoculant dose.

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Figure 2
Regression analysis of the variables number of days to flowering (NDF), root dry mass (RDM), number of branches per plant (NB) and stem diameter (SD) of chia as a function of inoculant dose (T. harzianum).

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Figure 3
UPGMA analysis for genes related to metabolic pathways of metagenomes from soil samples using the Stamp program.

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Figure 4
Main components of metagenomic analysis for the enzymes arylsulfatase (AS), beta-glucosidase (BG) and alkaline phosphatase (FA) and soil chemical parameters. A: Graphical dispersion of scores in relation to the first two main components (PC1 and PC2) resulting from the condensation of abundance data for 67 genera of agronomic importance; B: Relative contribution of the variables analyzed based on the first two main components (PC1 and PC2).

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Table 1
Diversity of bacteria for the main genera of agronomic importance in different soil samples: Before (BC) and after (T1 to T5) cultivation with chia, in the % of reading sequence of DNA per gram of soil.

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Table 2
Diversity of fungi and oomycetes for the main genera of agronomic importance in different soil samples: Before (BC) and after (T1 to T5) cultivation with chia, in the % of reading sequence of DNA per gram of soil.

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Table 3
Diversity analysis of Trichoderma spp. (% of sequence of DNA/g of soil) in different soil samples before and after inoculation with T. harzianuam: BC: Before cultivation; T1: control; T2: 2.5 µL. g^-1 seed; T3: 5.0 µL. g^-1 seed; 10.0 µL. g^-1 seed; 20.0 µL. g^-1 seed.

Agronomic Importance	Genus	Abundance (%)
Agronomic Importance	Genus	BC	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
Antagonist	Bacillus	0.298	1.031	0.416	0.941	1.964	0.674
	Chromobacterium	0.036	0.039	0.046	0.05	0.041	0.04
	Saccharopolyora	0.053	0.015	0.052	0.069	0.09	0.085
	Streptomyces	4.281	2.142	3.974	5.968	5.906	6.186
Denitrifier	Nitrosomonas	0.102	0.207	0.053	0.101	0.119	0.09
Diazotrophic	Achromobacter	0.505	0.548	0.311	0.261	0.295	0.285
	Azopirillum	0.185	0.538	0.265	0.365	0.377	0.367
	Azorhizobium	0.01	0.01	0.013	0.028	0.034	0.031
	Bradyrhizobium	0.732	1.722	2.349	2.764	2.546	3.513
	Burkholderia	0.378	0.252	0.572	0.603	0.616	0.691
	Cupriavidus	0.217	0.341	0.293	0.381	0.336	0.406
	Mesorhizobium	1.728	4.15	3.25	3.617	3.524	3.22
	Paraburkholderia	0.276	0.123	0.289	0.358	0.377	0.375
	Rhizobium	0.843	0.686	0.833	0.892	0.788	0.821
	Sinorhizobium	0.11	0.138	0.13	0.147	0.105	0.135
Phytopathogenic	Acidovorax	0.43	1.239	0.177	0.267	0.34	0.375
	Agrobacterium	0.113	0.079	0.102	0.122	0.142	0.085
	Clavibacter	0.07	0.099	0.074	0.072	0.09	0.071
	Curtobacterium	0.24	0.173	0.196	0.205	0.194	0.291
	Erwinia	0.017	0.025	0.008	0.017	0	0.014
	Pantoea	0.049	0.005	0.028	0.026	0.015	0.054
	Pectobacterium	0.01	0	0.022	0.006	0.004	0.011
	Ralstonia	0.083	0.109	0.066	0.097	0.105	0.096
	Spiroplasma	0	0	0	0	0.004	0
	Xanthomonas	0.685	0.183	0.138	0.207	0.179	0.172
	Xylella	0.006	0	0.001	0.002	0	0
Growth promoter	Kosakonia	0.009	0.02	0.001	0.006	0.004	0.014
Growth promoter	Lactobacillus	0.067	0.025	0.101	0.038	0.078	0.051
	Neorhizobium	0.153	0.03	0.068	0.084	0.071	0.062
	Paenibacillus	0.264	0.168	0.333	0.5	0.474	0.356
	Pseudomonas	6.607	5.596	7.455	2.17	2.606	1.752
	Serratia	0.061	0.025	0.026	0.041	0.03	0.042

Agronomic	Genus	Abundance (%)
Importance	Genus	BC	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5
Antagonist	Beauveria	0.061	0	0.03	0.05	0.075	0.117
	Isaria	0.546	0.212	0.239	0.251	0.375	0.351
	Metarhizium	0.061	0	0.06	0.075	0.075	0.117
	Paraphaeosphaeria	0	0.085	0.06	0.025	0	0.117
	Pochonia	0.061	0	0	0.126	0	0
	Trichoderma	1.96	1.06	5.466	2.21	2.327	1.521
Phytopathogenic	Alternaria	0.02	0	0	0.025	0	0
	Aspergillus	6.607	0.678	2.061	4.496	5.555	4.389
	Bipolaris	0.02	0.085	0.03	0.126	0.075	0.117
	Cercospora	0	0.042	0.03	0.025	0	0
	Colletotrichum	0.323	0	0.06	0.176	0.075	0.351
	Corynespora	0.283	0.127	0.179	0.276	0.45	0.234
	Diaporthe	0.141	0.085	0.06	0.05	0.15	0.234
	Diplodia	0.081	0	0.09	0.251	0.15	0.234
	Exserohilum	0.02	0	0.03	0	0	0
	Fusarium	8.183	0.127	0.179	0.527	0.601	0.468
	Macrophomina	3.475	2.67	2.18	2.738	4.054	2.399
	Neurospora	0	0.042	0	0.05	0.15	0.059
	Nigrospora	0.02	0.297	0.03	0.151	0.225	0.176
	Penicillium	0.101	0.042	0.03	0.151	0	0.117
	Peronospora	0.242	1.865	1.344	1.658	2.552	1.053
	Phialophora	0.081	0	0.03	0	0	0
	Phomopsis	0.182	0.89	0.657	0.703	1.351	0.819
	Pseudocercospora	0.04	0.042	0	0.1	0.075	0.117
	Pyrenochaeta	0	0.042	0.09	0.05	0	0
	Pyrenophora	0.02	0	0	0	0	0.059
	Pythium	0.242	4.45	3.047	3.793	4.955	4.096
	Rhizoctonia	2.445	5.128	4.869	5.576	6.531	3.511
	Sclerotinia	0	0	0.06	0.025	0	0
	Sclerotium	1.273	2.67	2.27	2.914	4.354	2.224
	Septoria	0.222	0.085	0.03	0.05	0.15	0.176
	Ustilago	0.02	0	0.09	0.025	0.075	0
	Verticillium	0.141	0	0.09	0.1	0.3	0.059
	Zymoseptoria	0.04	0	0	0.075	0.075	0
	Phytophthora	0.222	0	0.179	0.377	0.3	0.41

Species	% of Trichoderma spp. sequences per gram of soil
Species	BC	T1 (controle)	T2	T3	T4	T5
T. asperellum	11.4	7.0	18.4	19.3	21.6	18.8
T. harzianum	11.8	11.3	17.6	19.4	17.0	14.6
T. virens	17.6	23.9	21.2	23.3	22.7	20.8
T. reesei	26.3	26.8	28.2	25.6	27.3	27.1
Others	32.9	31.0	14.6	12.4	11.4	18.8
Trichoderma spp.	1.96	1.06	5.47	2.21	2.33	1.52

[1] *e-mail: adilson_schuelter@yahoo.com.br

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Metagenomics and vegetative growth of Salvia hispanica inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum

Metagenômica e crescimento vegetativo de Salvia hispanica inoculada com Trichoderma harzianum

Abstract