Evaluation of some nutritional quality criteria of seventeen Moroccan dates varieties and clones, fruits of date palm (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L.)

Alahyane, A.; Harrak, H.; Elateri, I.; Ayour, J.; Ait-Oubahou, A.; Benichou, M.; Abderrazik, M. E.

doi:10.1590/1519-6984.236471

A. Alahyane ^**Corresponding author: ab.alahyane@gmail.com

Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources, Marrakesh, Morocco.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-9080

H. Harrak

National Institute of Agricultural Research – INRA, Research Unit of Plants improvement and Quality, Laboratory of Food Technology and Quality, Marrakesh, Morocco.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-4598

I. Elateri

Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources, Marrakesh, Morocco.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0133-0805

J. Ayour

Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources, Marrakesh, Morocco.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-866X

A. Ait-Oubahou

Hassan II Agronomy and Veterinary Institute, Horticultural Laboratory, Ait Melloul, Morocco.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8437-4170

M. Benichou

Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources, Marrakesh, Morocco.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8117-1618

M. E. Abderrazik

Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences-Semlalia, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources, Marrakesh, Morocco.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6032-6318

*Corresponding author: ab.alahyane@gmail.com

	Varieties and clones	Abbreviations
Variety	Bourar	BRR
	Black Bousthammi	BST
	Bouzegagh	BZG
	Iklane	IKL
Clone	Bheir Ingli	KBN
	Elahmer Chetoui	ECT
	Elasfer Eljaid	EED
	Elmensoum	EMS
	Hak Feddan Laaneb	HFL
	Khali Iaissi	IAS
	Khalt Abdelghani	IAH
	Khalt Iaach	KHL
	Khalt Khel	KKL
	Khalt Lohmadi	LHD
	Khalt Zoubair Ibn Laouam	ZIE
	Mentouj Lhaj Lehbib	MEL
	Mentouj Tissgharine	MTN

	% Ash		°Brix		% Acidity		°Brix / acidity
BR/R	2.12 ± 0.32	abc	36.00 ± 4.50	a	0.70 ± 0.08	abc	51.42 ± 0.26	a
BST	1.59 ± 0.34	abc	49.50 ± 1.50	abcd	0.29 ± 0.13	a	170.69 ± 94.64	a
BZG	2.02 ± 0.12	abc	48.75 ± 2.25	abcd	0.35 ± 0.13	ab	139.28 ± 50.22	a
ECT	1.69 ± 0.15	abc	45.00 ± 1.50	abc	0.36 ± 0.06	ab	125.00 ± 15.25	a
EED	2.42 ± 0.12	abc	52.50 ± 3.00	bcde	0.47 ± 0.06	abc	111.70 ± 06.76	a
EMS	2.72 ± 0.37	bc	45.75 ± 0.75	abc	0.51 ± 0.07	abc	89.70 ± 10.68	a
HFL	1.84 ± 0.09	abc	39.00 ± 1.50	ab	0.92 ± 0.17	abcd	42.39 ± 06.25	a
IAH	2.02 ± 0.02	abc	54.00 ± 1.50	cde	0.33 ± 0.14	a	163.63 ± 75.63	a
IAS	1.70 ± 0.35	abc	63.75 ± 3.75	e	0.91 ± 0.10	abcd	70.05 ± 03.46	a
IKL	1.40 ± 0.20	ab	51.75 ± 0.75	bcde	0.89 ± 0.11	abcd	58.14 ± 08.18	a
KBN	2.62 ± 0.37	bc	36.75 ± 2.25	a	1.40 ± 0.14	d	26.25 ± 01.02	a
KHL	2.09 ± 0.05	abc	54.00 ± 3.00	cde	0.58 ± 0.08	abc	93.10 ± 08.18	a
KKL	2.15 ± 0.20	abc	44.25 ± 0.75	abc	1.12 ± 0.19	cd	39.50 ± 07.82	a
LHD	1.85 ± 0.10	abc	62.25 ± 2.25	de	0.35 ± 0.10	ab	177.85 ± 47.06	a
MEL	3.00 ± 0.35	c	48.00 ± 4.50	abc	1.02 ± 0.15	bcd	47.05 ± 02.73	a
MTN	1.17 ± 0.17	a	47.25 ± 2.25	abc	0.54 ± 0.13	abc	87.50 ± 16.74	a
ZIE	1.54 ± 0.34	ab	53.25 ± 0.75	cde	0.70 ± 0.08	abc	76.07 ± 08.17	a

	Cu		Mn		Fe		Zn		Ca		K		Mg		Na		P		S		Ni	Se
	mg/100 g DW		mg/100 g DW		mg/100 g DW		mg/100 g DW		mg/100 g DW		mg/100 g DW		mg/100 g DW		mg/100 g DW		mg/100 g DW		mg/100 g DW		µg/100 g DW	µg/100 g DW
BRR	0.987 ± 0.001	kl	1.461 ± 0.001	j	3.403 ± 0.100	h	0.590 ± 0.001	f	86.179 ± 0.579	de	1077.88 ± 1.312	ab	137.744 ± 0.163	f	0.366 ± 0.006	a	112.217 ± 1.201	gh	114.702 ± 0.099	c	<40	<40
BST	0.816 ± 0.004	fg	0.599 ± 0.004	cde	3.115 ± 0.034	efg	0.520 ± 0.003	e	86.672 ± 0.247	de	1262.699 ± 13.256	f	105.757 ± 0.286	c	0.957 ± 0.013	f	83.72 ± 1.614	ab	88.231 ± 0.418	a	<40	<40
BZG	0.84 ± 0.003	gh	0.524 ± 0.012	abcd	2.551 ± 0.023	bc	0.323 ± 0.003	a	82.189 ± 0.599	d	1503.261 ± 1.257	j	84.916 ± 1.150	a	0.745 ± 0.011	d	84.972 ± 0.616	b	128.938 ± 1.817	d	<40	<40
ECT	0.544 ± 0.002	b	0.734 ± 0.001	f	3.244 ± 0.009	fgh	0.396 ± 0.005	b	90.953 ± 0.196	ef	1174.231 ± 1.861	e	89.885 ± 0.458	b	0.468 ± 0.013	ab	95.827 ± 0.148	cd	141.977 ± 0.386	fg	<40	<40
EED	0.459 ± 0.001	a	0.578 ± 0.021	cd	2.212 ± 0.005	a	0.344 ± 0.002	a	119.611 ± 0.322	h	1278.364 ± 15.019	fg	91.833 ± 0.508	b	2.068 ± 0.010	j	87.31 ± 0.620	bc	83.349 ± 0.109	a	<40	<40
EMS	0.963 ± 0.004	jk	0.936 ± 0.010	h	3.748 ± 0.144	i	0.480 ± 0.008	d	261.801 ± 0.297	j	1304.826 ± 7.604	g	244.951 ± 0.077	i	2.28 ± 0.005	k	110.607 ± 1.186	fgh	162.992 ± 0.34	hi	<40	<40
HFL	0.901 ± 0.003	i	0.602 ± 0.007	de	2.704 ± 0.032	c	0.380 ± 0.001	b	50.820 ± 0.034	a	1079.136 ± 1.288	ab	91.401 ± 0.085	b	0.859 ± 0.006	def	106.239 ± 0.450	efg	144.265 ± 1.753	g	<40	<40
IAH	0.898 ± 0.004	i	0.519 ± 0.006	abc	3.106 ± 0.009	efg	0.605 ± 0.001	f	83.725 ± 0.451	d	1604.098 ± 3.352	k	118.553 ± 1.132	d	0.818 ± 0.026	de	116.703 ± 2.734	h	132.136 ± 1.616	de	<40	<40
IAS	0.719 ± 0.007	e	0.552 ± 0.017	bcd	4.141 ± 0.012	j	0.651 ± 0.005	g	149.225 ± 2.741	i	1356.969 ± 8.365	h	154.502 ± 1.167	h	0.876 ± 0.013	ef	101.606 ± 2.892	def	168.19 ± 1.425	i	<40	<40
IKL	0.998 ± 0.003	l	0.548 ± 0.014	bcd	3.36 ± 0.042	gh	0.705 ± 0.004	h	83.236 ± 0.381	d	1164.682 ± 9.863	de	126.111 ± 1.280	e	0.965 ± 0.003	f	106.146 ± 2.714	efg	167.146 ± 2.221	i	<40	<40
KBN	1.052 ± 0.001	m	1.182 ± 0.027	i	2.972 ± 0.001	de	0.584 ± 0.003	f	120.734 ± 0.341	h	1127.607 ± 11.085	cd	143.457 ± 1.622	g	1.797 ± 0.011	i	118.455 ± 2.233	h	178.844 ± 1.409	j	<40	<40
KHL	0.792 ± 0.003	f	0.675 ± 0.012	ef	2.699 ± 0.004	c	0.539 ± 0.003	e	92.185 ± 0.170	f	1189.996 ± 2.675	e	103.008 ± 0.434	c	0.846 ± 0.059	def	110.958 ± 0.102	fgh	158.37 ± 0.028	h	<40	<40
KKL	0.677 ± 0.012	d	0.488 ± 0.025	ab	2.289 ± 0.010	ab	0.479 ± 0.001	d	67.711 ± 0.292	c	1117.864 ± 3.868	bc	105.053 ± 0.167	c	1.154 ± 0.002	g	74.98 ± 0.139	a	108.181 ± 0.588	b	<40	<40
LHD	0.953 ± 0.005	j	0.837 ± 0.003	g	3.357 ± 0.013	gh	0.590 ± 0.003	f	90.949 ± 0.849	ef	1396.753 ± 1.459	hi	143.648 ± 0.303	g	0.62 ± 0.045	c	109.631 ± 2.652	fgh	139.54 ± 0.191	fg	<40	<40
MEL	0.858 ± 0.008	h	0.69 ± 0.015	f	2.774 ± 0.037	cd	0.736 ± 0.013	i	89.309 ± 1.684	ef	1055.257 ± 11.164	a	116.567 ± 0.338	d	1.181 ± 0.003	g	111.918 ± 0.324	gh	145.377 ± 1.169	g	<40	<40
MTN	0.484 ± 0.001	a	0.467 ± 0.010	a	4.007 ± 0.011	ij	0.447 ± 0.001	c	60.358 ± 0.419	b	1187.17 ± 1.324	e	102.528 ± 0.464	c	1.393 ± 0.02	h	99.014 ± 1.934	de	138.052 ± 0.208	ef	<40	<40
ZIE	0.629 ± 0.007	c	0.564 ± 0.011	bcd	3.036 ± 0.001	def	0.527 ± 0.003	e	102.424 ± 0.829	g	1419.135 ± 2.731	i	120.194 ± 0.089	d	0.528 ± 0.006	bc	88.531 ± 2.346	bc	159.064 ± 0.369	h	<40	<40

	oxalic acid mg/100g DW		tartaric acid mg/100g DW		malic acid mg/100g DW		acetic acid mg/100g DW		maleic acid mg/100g DW		citric acid mg/100g DW		fumaric acid mg/100g DW
BRR	90.150 ± 0.050	d	140.543 ± 0.274	b	495.585 ± 0.084	q	176.639 ± 0.125	p	ND		ND		47.860 ± 0.039	j
BST	129.692 ± 0.106	l	ND		134.636 ± 0.299	f	49.616 ± 0.002	e	ND		ND		46.345 ± 0.132	i
BZG	98.646 ± 0.240	e	115.702 ± 0.087	a	215.723 ± 0.082	j	61.554 ± 0.358	h	ND		ND		36.391 ± 0.016	f
ECT	112.558 ± 0.322	i	468.341 ± 0.084	m	69.485 ± 0.136	a	13.815±0.012	a	ND		38.754 ± 0.032	b	48.672 ± 0.012	k
EED	116.391 ± 0.015	j	307.614 ± 0.151	i	187.263 ± 0.019	h	126.302 ± 0.002	o	ND		38.633 ± 0.040	b	50.755 ± 0.008	m
EMS	18.469 ± 0.025	a	392.785 ± 0.001	j	316.269 ± 0.007	o	103.093 ± 0.039	n	ND		ND		89.037 ± 0.004	p
HFL	123.164 ± 0.055	k	254.318 ± 0.083	f	189.923 ± 0.029	i	68.448 ± 0.017	i	ND		93.061 ± 0.060	f	9.540 ± 0.050	a
IAH	135.838 ± 0.116	m	ND		244.510 ± 0.457	k	85.163 ± 0.105	l	ND		19.715 ± 0.080	a	101.160 ± 0.117	q
IAS	109.552 ± 0.183	h	187.649 ± 0.261	d	381.177 ± 0.070	p	69.663 ± 0.110	j	ND		ND		80.231 ± 0.070	o
IKL	105.733 ± 0.163	g	204.526 ± 0.225	e	300.403 ± 0.285	n	95.585 ± 0.128	m	ND		41.184 ± 0.012	c	30.510±0.036	d
KBN	174.804 ± 0.072	o	484.168 ± 0.078	n	70.775 ± 0.020	b	24.764 ± 0.125	c	ND		ND		37.415 ± 0.015	g
KHL	79.445 ± 0.177	c	ND		81.624 ± 0.206	d	20.656 ± 0.203	b	ND		64.621 ± 0.021	d	43.136 ± 0.008	h
KKL	66.462 ± 0.004	b	414.420 ± 0.047	k	106.314 ± 0.037	e	35.182 ± 0.040	d	ND		ND		30.180 ± 0.006	c
LHD	233.35 ± 0.146	p	302.328 ± 0.012	h	253.606 ± 0.082	l	79.623 ± 0.037	k	ND		ND		49.064 ± 0.042	l
MEL	139.722 ± 0.053	n	287.463 ± 0.214	g	78.872 ± 0.036	c	79.269 ± 0.165	k	0.402 ± 0.018	a	86.440 ± 0.010	e	16.461 ± 0.009	b
MTN	102.699 ± 0.012	f	421.211 ± 0.164	l	150.562 ± 0.203	g	59.787 ± 0.168	g	ND		ND		32.927 ± 0.036	e
ZIE	103.354 ± 0.257	f	165.763 ± 0.237	c	277.474 ± 0.336	m	58.243 ± 0.139	f	ND		ND		56.649 ± 0.003	n

	%Total sugars		%Proteins		%Lipids		Energetic value (Kcal/100g)
BRR	77.12 ± 04.30	a	1.70 ± 0.02	d	0.36 ± 0.02	cde	331.41 ± 18.25	a
BST	62.01 ± 07.19	a	1.39 ± 0.01	abcd	0.32 ± 0.05	bcde	266.89 ± 30.74	a
BZG	69.73 ± 03.08	a	1.52 ± 0.07	cd	0.27 ± 0.01	abcd	299.12 ± 12.84	a
ECT	72.62 ± 15.48	a	1.30 ± 0.02	abc	0.31 ± 0.00	bcde	311.08 ± 65.08	a
EED	87.40 ± 10.47	a	1.45 ± 0.01	bcd	0.33 ± 0.02	cde	373.71 ± 44.18	a
EMS	87.98 ± 0.51	a	1.57 ± 0.01	cd	0.37 ± 0.01	de	376.79 ± 03.23	a
HFL	69.15 ± 19.72	a	2.80 ± 0.04	f	0.16 ± 0.01	a	299.21 ± 82.90	a
IAH	87.72 ± 03.08	a	2.18 ± 0.02	e	0.39 ± 0.00	e	377.58 ± 12.85	a
IAS	85.86 ± 06.36	a	1.27 ± 0.05	abc	0.29 ± 0.03	bcde	366.44 ± 26.36	a
IKL	51.80 ± 00.83	a	2.49 ± 0.16	ef	0.35 ± 0.00	cde	227.07 ± 03.11	a
KBN	82.32 ± 14.13	a	1.09 ± 0.02	a	0.25 ± 0.00	abc	350.80 ± 59.34	a
KHL	59.32 ± 06.68	a	1.56 ± 0.06	cd	0.31 ± 0.02	bcde	255.88 ± 28.03	a
KKL	61.37 ± 02.82	a	1.16 ± 0.01	ab	0.21 ± 0.00	ab	262.65 ± 11.95	a
LHD	58.87 ± 02.24	a	1.29 ± 0.07	abc	0.31 ± 0.02	bcde	253.31 ± 09.43	a
MEL	76.02 ± 05.14	a	1.39 ± 0.00	abcd	0.38 ± 0.01	e	326.16 ± 21.68	a
MTN	63.17 ± 19.40	a	1.49 ± 0.07	bcd	0.37 ± 0.02	de	272.39 ± 81.51	a
ZIE	86.63 ± 00.70	a	1.55 ± 0.07	cd	0.30 ± 0.01	bcde	370.61± 03.05	a

Variables	Ash	Total sugars	Proteins	Brix	Acidity	Brix/acidity	Malic acid	Acetic acid	Maleic acid	Citric acid	Fumaric acid	Cu	Mn	Fe	Zn	Ca	K	Mg	Na	P
Ash	1.000	0.444	-0.262	-0.288	0.317	-0.263	-0.172	0.173	0.530	0.234	0.033	0.330	0.420	-0.393	0.117	0.443	-0.191	0.350	0.513	0.314
Total sugars		1.000	-0.152	-0.036	0.043	-0.098	0.272	0.281	0.067	-0.157	0.595	-0.096	0.220	0.081	-0.055	0.545	0.330	0.367	0.322	0.174
Proteins			1.000	-0.137	-0.027	-0.078	0.274	0.298	-0.118	0.503	-0.117	0.308	-0.180	-0.029	0.016	-0.252	-0.014	-0.120	-0.185	0.277
°Brix				1.000	-0.382	0.483	0.147	-0.073	-0.031	-0.118	0.423	-0.222	-0.517	0.234	0.254	0.116	0.612	0.052	-0.156	-0.091
Acidity					1.000	-0.864	-0.124	-0.137	0.276	0.178	-0.411	0.273	0.214	-0.114	0.389	-0.037	-0.589	0.105	0.215	0.197
Brix/acidity						1.000	-0.037	-0.056	-0.228	-0.273	0.415	-0.077	-0.266	0.035	-0.198	-0.055	0.697	-0.136	-0.217	-0.175
Malic acid							1.000	0.771	-0.279	-0.370	0.440	0.291	0.337	0.485	0.230	0.299	0.258	0.468	-0.211	0.187
Acetic acid								1.000	0.052	-0.075	0.200	0.224	0.399	0.146	0.153	0.196	0.016	0.306	0.082	0.220
Maleic acid									1.000	0.509	-0.332	0.083	-0.013	-0.154	0.455	-0.064	-0.320	-0.039	0.060	0.214
Citric acid										1.000	-0.478	0.017	-0.188	-0.386	0.052	-0.285	-0.438	-0.356	-0.044	0.270
Fumaric acid											1.000	0.021	0.050	0.425	0.116	0.613	0.693	0.550	0.117	0.189
Cu												1.000	0.537	0.092	0.496	0.172	-0.050	0.461	-0.051	0.623
Mn													1.000	0.168	0.212	0.281	-0.346	0.445	0.026	0.528
Fe														1.000	0.362	0.361	0.106	0.551	-0.056	0.369
Zn															1.000	0.056	-0.121	0.346	-0.157	0.541
Ca																1.000	0.190	0.873	0.597	0.212
K																	1.000	0.094	-0.124	-0.106
Mg																		1.000	0.435	0.437
Na																			1.000	0.056
P																				1.000

[1] *Corresponding author: ab.alahyane@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

Evaluation of some nutritional quality criteria of seventeen Moroccan dates varieties and clones, fruits of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Avaliação de alguns critérios de qualidade nutricional de 17 variedades e clones marroquinos de datas, frutos de tamareira (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Abstract