Summary
Cottonseed is a by-product of the production of fibre and an important raw material for the edible oil industry and for biodiesel production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of the cotton cultivars and strains available in Brazil, with respect to the oil characteristics. The oil content and fatty acid composition were determined in the seeds of 18 cotton genotypes, cultivated in three distinct localities in Brazil. The oil was extracted from the seeds using hexane, and the fatty acids analysed by gas chromatography after methylation. The analyses of variance of the results for oil content and fatty acid composition revealed highly significant differences between the genotypes and locations and for the genotypes x locations interactions. The average oil content from the three distinct localities varied from 23 to 27% amongst the genotypes. The fatty acids presented the following ranges: linoleic (55.6-59.0%); palmitic (22.7-24.8%); oleic (13.4-15.8%) and stearic (1.83-2.14%). Although statistically significant, the range of genetic diversity for the fatty acids was not sufficiently wide to carry out genetic improvement programs. The genotypes FMT 523, FIBERMAX 966, IAC 06/205 and LD CV 22 stood out from the others for having higher oleic and palmitic acid contents and lower linoleic acid contents, thus being more suitable for biodiesel production and for use as frying oil, due to the greater oxidative stability provided by this composition.
Keywords:
Gossypium hirsutum; Cottonseed oil; Cultivars; Oleic acid; Linoleic acid