Extração e atividade antioxidante da sericina, uma proteína da seda

Miguel, Gabriela Andrea; Álvarez-López, Catalina

Gabriela Andrea Miguel

Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín - Colombia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9075-1702

Catalina Álvarez-López ^**Corresponding Author: Catalina Álvarez-López, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroindustriales, Circular 1 # 70-01, Bloque 11, Piso 3, Medellín - Colombia, e-mail: catalina.alvarezl@upb.edu.co

Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroindustriales, Medellín - Colombia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6262-7699

*Corresponding Author: Catalina Álvarez-López, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroindustriales, Circular 1 # 70-01, Bloque 11, Piso 3, Medellín - Colombia, e-mail: catalina.alvarezl@upb.edu.co

Ser	Asp	Gly	Glut	Thr	Arg	Ala	Val	Leu	Lys	Reference
24.61	18.79	8.94	7.77	7.65	5.56	5.34	4.92	4.67	Na	Li et al. (2015)Li, H., Shi, W., Wang, W., & Zhu, H. (2015). The extraction of sericin protein from silk reeling wastewater by hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane integrated process. Separation and Purification Technology, 146, 342-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.04.004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015....
32.55	14.42	12.17	4.81	7.48	4.45	5.71	6.31	2.03	0.60	Yang et al. (2013)Yang, Y., Lee, S. M., Lee, H. S., & Lee, K. H. (2013). Recovery of silk sericin from soap: Alkaline degumming solution. International Journal of Industrial Entomology, 27(1), 203-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2013.27.1.203 http://dx.doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2013.27.1...
30.4	19.1	12.2	4.1	3.8	2.8	4.6	2.6	0.6	10.2	Sasaki et al. (2000)Sasaki, M., Yamada, H., & Kato, N. (2000). Consumption of silk protein, sericin elevates intestinal absorption of zinc, iron, magnesium and calcium in rats. Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.), 20(10), 1505-1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(00)80031-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(00)...
31.0	17.8	19.1	4.4	8	3.9	3.8	3.1	0.8	2.7	Kato et al. (1998)Kato, N., Sato, S., Yamanaka, A., Yamada, H., Fuwa, N., & Nomura, M. (1998). Silk protein, sericin, inhibits lipid peroxidation and tyrosinase activity. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 62(1), 145-147. PMid:9501526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.62.145 http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.62.145...
25.5	18.38	17.85	5.74	7.47	3.12	6.70	4.05	1.49	2.08	Cao & Zhang (2016)Cao, T. T., & Zhang, Y. Q. (2016). Processing and characterization of silk sericin from Bombyx mori and its application in biomaterials and biomedicines. Materials Science and Engineering C, 61, 940-952. PMid:26838924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.082 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.12...
28.89	19.81	10.75	6.98	7.81	4.39	4.65	3.12	1.12	3.51	Li et al. (2008)Li, Y. G., Ji, D. F., Chen, S., & Hu, G. Y. (2008). Protective effects of sericin protein on alcohol-mediated liver damage in mice. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 43(3), 246-253. PMid:18263900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agm164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agm164...
32.74	17.64	9.89	7.31	5.51	6.16	3.86	3.14	1.44	3.05	Sothornvit et al. (2010)Sothornvit, R., Chollakup, R., & Suwanruji, P. (2010). Extracted sericin from silk waste for film formation. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 32(1), 17-22.
21.56	14.0	23.20	3.30	7.04	11.95	Na	3.36	2.08	3.18	Züge et al. (2017)Züge, L. C. B., Silva, V. R., Hamerski, F., Ribani, M., Gimenes, M. L., & Scheer, A. P. (2017). Emulsifying properties of sericin obtained from hot water degumming process. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 40(1), 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12267 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12267...
33.73	20.82	9.53	4.98	8.57	5.22	1-3	1-3	Na	1-3	Puangphet et al. (2015)Puangphet, A., Tiyaboonchai, W., & Thongsook, T. (2015). Inhibitory effect of sericin hydrolysate on polyphenol oxidase and browning of fresh-cut products. International Food Research Journal, 22(4), 1623-1630.
25.55	17.33	8.23	5.79	5.04	3.48	2.80	2.57	0.92	3.14	Wu et al. (2008)Wu, J. H., Wang, Z., & Xu, S. Y. (2008). Enzymatic production of bioactive peptides from sericin recovered from silk industry wastewater. Process Biochemistry, 43(5), 480-487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2007.11.018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2007...
37.3	14.8	14.7	3.4	8.7	3.6	4.3	3.6	1.4	2.4	Gonzalez et al. (2014)Gonzalez, L., Fontalvo, M., Álvarez, C., & Restrepo Osorio, A. (2014). Generalidades de la seda y su proceso de teñido. Prospectiva, 12(1), 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15665/rp.v12i1.145 http://dx.doi.org/10.15665/rp.v12i1.145...

Extraction method	Condition of extraction	Outcome	References
Denaturing agents (boiling with detergents, alkaline compounds and chaotropic agents)	Urea (8M) for 30 min	10 to > 225 kDa sericin size, 18% to 20% yield.	Aramwit et al. (2010a) Aramwit et al. (2010b)Aramwit, P., Damrongsakkul, S., Kanokpanont, S., & Srichana, T. (2010a). Properties and antityrosinase activity of sericin from various extraction methods. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 55(2), 91-98. PMid:20055756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BA20090186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BA20090186...
	Sodium carbonate (0.5%) for 30 min.	15 to 75 kDa sericin size, 6% to 12% yield.
	Sodium oleate (0.3%) and sodium carbonate (0.2%) for 60 min.	High-purity sericin was recovered with calcium chloride	Yang et al. (2013)Yang, Y., Lee, S. M., Lee, H. S., & Lee, K. H. (2013). Recovery of silk sericin from soap: Alkaline degumming solution. International Journal of Industrial Entomology, 27(1), 203-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2013.27.1.203 http://dx.doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2013.27.1...
	Calcium hydroxide (0.025%) for 40 min and neutralization with acids	< 20 kDa sericin size, more than 85% recovery	Zhao et al. (2018)Zhao, Z. L., Li, W. W., Wang, F., & Zhang, Y. Q. (2018). Using of hydrated lime water as a novel degumming agent of silk and sericin recycling from wastewater. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 2090-2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.213 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017... ,
	Novel surfactant based on silk amino acids and lauryl chloride (0.2%) for 30 min.	Similar quality when using neutral soap, but eco-friendlier agent	Wang et al. (2015)Wang, F., Cao, T. T., & Zhang, Y. Q. (2015). Effect of silk protein surfactant on silk degumming and its properties. Materials Science and Engineering C, 55, 131-136. PMid:26117747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.041 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.05...
	Neutral soap (0.2%)	Longer processing time.	Wang et al. (2015)Wang, F., Cao, T. T., & Zhang, Y. Q. (2015). Effect of silk protein surfactant on silk degumming and its properties. Materials Science and Engineering C, 55, 131-136. PMid:26117747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.041 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.05...
	Coconut soap and sodium bicarbonate for 45 min. Precipitation with 75% ethanol after drying.	74.5% yield from silk wastewater, 63.8% sericin purity	Álvarez et al. (2013)
Enzymatic digestion	Commercial proteolytic enzymes for 5-240 min. at 50-65 °C	5 to 20 kDa sericin size with a weight-average molecular weight of about 12 kDa	Freddi et al. (2003)Freddi, G., Mossotti, R., & Innocenti, R. (2003). Degumming of silk fabric with several proteases. Journal of Biotechnology, 106(1), 101-112. PMid:14636714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003.09.006 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003...
	Novel protease isolated from Bacillus sp.	Efficient degumming, sericin was not characterized	Suwannaphan et al. (2017)Suwannaphan, S., Fufeungsombut, E., Promboon, A., & Chim-anage, P. (2017). A serine protease from newly isolated Bacillus sp. for efficient silk degumming, sericin degrading and colour bleaching activities. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 117, 141-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.12.009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.1...
	Alcalase and Savinase at 55 °C		Arami et al. (2007)Arami, M., Rahimi, S., Mivehie, L., Mazaheri, F., Mahmoodi, N. M. (2007). Degumming of Persian Silk with Mixed Proteolytic Enzymes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 106(1), 267–275. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.26492 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.26492...
	Alcalase/Savinase and ultrasound		Mahmoodi et al. (2010)Mahmoodi, N. M., Arami, M., Mazaheri, F., & Rahimi, S. (2010). Degradation of sericin (degumming) of Persian silk by ultrasound and enzymes as a cleaner and environmentally friendly process. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(2), 146-151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.10.003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009...
Infrared rays	IR heating extraction from silk wastewater	21% to 26% yield, a clean sericin is obtained, eco-friendly process	Gupta et al. (2013)Gupta, D., Agrawal, A., Chaudhary, H., Gulrajani, M., & Gupta, C. (2013). Cleaner process for extraction of sericin using infrared. Journal of Cleaner Production, 52, 488-494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.03.016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013...
Polymeric membranes	Membrane of polysulfone in by phase inversion with polydioxolane and polyethylene glycol	10 kDa - 250 kDa sericin size recovered from silk wastewater	Sonjui et al. (2009)Sonjui, T., Noomhorm, C., & Promboon, A. (2009). Sericin recovery from silk cocoon degumming wastewater by a membrane process. Witthayasan Kasetsat Witthayasat, 43(3), 538-549.
Steam (Autoclave)	120 °C for 60 min. The liquor ratio was 1:25. Sericin was concentrated by rotavapor.	A film made of glycerol/sericin was satisfactorily carried out to assess its use as a polymeric material.	Yun et al. (2016)Yun, H., Kim, M. K., Kwak, H. W., Lee, J. Y., Kim, M. H., & Lee, K. H. (2016). The role of glycerol and water in flexible silk sericin film. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 82, 945-951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.201...
	82-120 °C (above 105 °C using autoclave) and time in the range of 10-60 min. Separation by hydraulic pressing at 2.5 MPa for 1 min and drying.	Extracted sericin exhibited mainly serine (18.24%) and 132 kDa molecular size. Effective to film formation.	Sothornvit et al. (2010)Sothornvit, R., Chollakup, R., & Suwanruji, P. (2010). Extracted sericin from silk waste for film formation. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 32(1), 17-22.
	70-65 °C for 60 min.	Total phenolic compound correlated with amount of sericin extracted.	Prasong (2011)Prasong, S. (2011). Screening of antioxidant activity of some samia ricini (Eri) silks: Comparison with botnbyx mori. The Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(4), 336-339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2011.336.339 http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2011.336.3...
	Autoclaved at 121 °C for 30 min/45 min/ 60 min.	16 to 44 kDa molecular size. Clean product. Lower yield compared to alkaline extraction.	Srnivas et al. (2014)Srnivas, N., Kumar, R., & Merchant, M. (2014). Extraction & characterization of sericin and its immobilization on hydroxylapatite nanoparticles for tissue engineering applications. International Journal of Chemtech Research, 7(5), 2017-2124.
	Autoclaved 120 °C for 60 min and dried by spray- drying.	Sericin microparticles with an average diameter < 10 µm were obtained.	Chlapanidas et al. (2013)Chlapanidas, T., Faragò, S., Lucconi, G., Perteghella, S., Galuzzi, M., Mantelli, M., Avanzini, M. A., Tosca, M. C., Marazzi, M., Vigo, D., Torre, M. L., & Faustini, M. (2013). Sericins exhibit ROS-scavenging, anti-tyrosinase, anti-elastase, and in vitro immunomodulatory activities. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 58, 47-56. PMid:23541552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.054 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.201...
	Autoclaved 120 °C for 60 min	Higher thermal stability compared with urea and alkaline extraction methods.	Aramwit et al. (2010b)Aramwit, P., Kanokpanont, S., Nakpheng, T., & Srichana, T. (2010b). The effect of sericin from various extraction methods on cell viability and collagen production. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11(5), 2200-2211. PMid:20559510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms11052200 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms11052200...
	Autoclaved 120 °C for 60 min and lyophilization or freezing-thawing precipitation	20 kDa to 400 kDa sericin size. Radical scavenging effect and antibacterial.	Rocha et al. (2017)Rocha, L. K. H., Favaro, L. I. L., Rios, A. C., Silva, E. C., Silva, W. F., Stigliani, T. P., Guilger, M., Lima, R., Oliveira Junior, J. M., Aranha, N., Tubino, M., Vila, M. M. D. C., & Balcão, V. M. (2017). Sericin from Bombyx mori cocoons. Part I: Extraction and physicochemical-biological characterization for biopharmaceutical applications. Process Biochemistry, 61, 163-177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2017.06.019 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2017...
	Autoclaved at 121 °C for 30 min, filtered and dialyzed	Sericin as biomaterial is assessed.	Chirila et al. (2013)Chirila, T. V., Suzuki, S., Bray, L. J., Barnett, N. L., & Harkin, D. G. (2013). Evaluation of silk sericin as a biomaterial: in vitro growth of human corneal limbal epithelial cells on Bombyx mori sericin membranes. Progress in Biomaterials, 2(1), 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2194-0517-2-14 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2194-0517-2-14...
	Autoclaved at 121 °C for 30 min, and a liquor ratio 1:30 (w/v), filtered and lyophilized.	Source of sericin extraction (cocoons or yarns) affects the final product.	Castrillón Martínez et al. (2017)Castrillón Martínez, D. C., Zuluaga, C. L., Restrepo-Osorio, A., & Álvarez-López, C. (2017). Characterization of sericin obtained from cocoons and silk yarns. Procedia Engineering, 200, 377-383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.053 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017....
	Steam 120 °C for 60 min and precipitation with ethanol at various ratios.	Precipitation of hydrophobic SS and removal of low molecular weight SS, enhanced mechanical stability	Oh et al. (2011)Oh, H., Lee, J. Y., Kim, M. K., Um, I. C., & Lee, K. H. (2011). Refining hot-water extracted silk sericin by ethanol-induced precipitation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 48(1), 32-37. PMid:20875446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.09.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.201...
Ultrafiltration- Nanofiltration	Silk wastewater was centrifuged, crystallized and ultrafiltered with polyethersulfone membranes	Sericin is separated from fatty acids derived from soaps added during industrial degumming.	Capar et al. (2009)Capar, G., Aygun, S. S., & Gecit, M. R. (2009). Separation of sericin from fatty acids towards its recovery from silk degumming wastewaters. Journal of Membrane Science, 342(1–2), 179-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.06.039 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009....
	Hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane integrated with ultrafiltration	86% sericin from cocoon silk wastewater could be recovered. Isolated sericin was not characterized.	Li et al. (2015)Li, H., Shi, W., Wang, W., & Zhu, H. (2015). The extraction of sericin protein from silk reeling wastewater by hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane integrated process. Separation and Purification Technology, 146, 342-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.04.004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015....
	Autoclaved and recovery by ultrafiltration with hollow fiber membrane of polyethersulfone	High molecular sericin is obtained	Silva et al. (2012)Silva, V. R., Ribani, M., Gimenes, M. L., & Scheer, A. P. (2012). High molecular weight sericin obtained by high temperature and ultrafiltration process. Procedia Engineering, 42, 833-841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.07.476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.... , Gimenes et al. (2014)Gimenes, M. L., Silva, V. R., Vieira, M. G. A., Silva, M. G. C., & Scheer, A. P. (2014). High Molecular Sericin from Bombyx mori Cocoons: Extraction and Recovering by Ultrafiltration. International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, 5(3), 266-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/IJCEA.2014.V5.391 http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/IJCEA.2014.V5....

Antioxidant assay	Target	Comments	Reference
Lipid peroxidation	Feline fibroblasts	Locally treated (pre-incubation) for 24 hs. Effect observed at 100 ng/mL.	Khyade (2016)Khyade, V. B. (2016). Efficiency of Silk sericin from the cocoons of silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (L) and Bombyx mori (L) for treating the hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in feline fibroblasts. World Scientific News, 44(44), 35-49.
	Brain and peripheral rat tissues	Oral via, 0.25 and 0.5 gm/kg body weight (b.w.)/day of CSE for a period of 28 days.	Deori et al. (2016)Deori, M., Devi, D., Kumari, S., Hazarika, A., Kalita, H., Sarma, R., & Devi, R. (2016). Antioxidant effect of sericin in brain and peripheral tissues of oxidative stress induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 319. PMid:27695419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00319 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.003...
	Rat brain	Locally treated (pre-incubation), 0.3% sericin for 30 to 200 min.	Kato et al. (1998)Kato, N., Sato, S., Yamanaka, A., Yamada, H., Fuwa, N., & Nomura, M. (1998). Silk protein, sericin, inhibits lipid peroxidation and tyrosinase activity. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 62(1), 145-147. PMid:9501526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.62.145 http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.62.145...
	Mouse fibroblast (L929) cells	Locally treated (pre-incubation), 10 and 100 µg/mL sericin.	Kumar & Mandal (2017)Kumar, J. P., & Mandal, B. B. (2017). Antioxidant potential of mulberry and non-mulberry silk sericin and its implications in biomedicine. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 108, 803-818. PMid:28476503 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiome...
	Skin fibroblast cell line (AH927) damaged by H₂O₂	Locally treated (pre-incubation) for 24 h. Positive effects in cell viability is observed for B. mori and lipid peroxidation for A. mylitta.	Dash et al. (2008)Dash, R., Acharya, C., Bindu, P. C., & Kundu, S. C. (2008). Antioxidant potential of silk protein sericin against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in skin fibroblasts. BMB Reports, 41(3), 236-241. PMid:18377728. http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2008.41.3.236 http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2008.41...
	Larvae mid-gut cell homogenate	Locally treated (pre-incubation).	Micheal & Subramanyam (2014)Micheal, A. S., & Subramanyam, M. (2014). Influence of sericin in alleviating the hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in silkworm Bombyx mori: Role of the amino acids. Information Systems Journal, 11, 257-272.
Tyrosinase activity	Tyrosinase mushroom solution (100 Units/mL)	0.8 mg sericin. Sericin extracted by Urea presented the highest antioxidant effect.	Aramwit et al. (2010a)Aramwit, P., Damrongsakkul, S., Kanokpanont, S., & Srichana, T. (2010a). Properties and antityrosinase activity of sericin from various extraction methods. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 55(2), 91-98. PMid:20055756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BA20090186 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BA20090186...
	Tyrosinase mushroom solution	Hydrolyzed sericin at 5%.	Puangphet et al. (2015)Puangphet, A., Tiyaboonchai, W., & Thongsook, T. (2015). Inhibitory effect of sericin hydrolysate on polyphenol oxidase and browning of fresh-cut products. International Food Research Journal, 22(4), 1623-1630.
		0.5% and 1% sericin.	Kato et al. (1998)Kato, N., Sato, S., Yamanaka, A., Yamada, H., Fuwa, N., & Nomura, M. (1998). Silk protein, sericin, inhibits lipid peroxidation and tyrosinase activity. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 62(1), 145-147. PMid:9501526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.62.145 http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.62.145...
		Sericin at doses of 6.4, 3.2, 1.6 mg/mL.	Chlapanidas et al. (2013)Chlapanidas, T., Faragò, S., Lucconi, G., Perteghella, S., Galuzzi, M., Mantelli, M., Avanzini, M. A., Tosca, M. C., Marazzi, M., Vigo, D., Torre, M. L., & Faustini, M. (2013). Sericins exhibit ROS-scavenging, anti-tyrosinase, anti-elastase, and in vitro immunomodulatory activities. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 58, 47-56. PMid:23541552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.054 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.201...
		Hydrolyzed sericin at 1.2 to 10 mg/mL.	Wu et al. (2008)Wu, J. H., Wang, Z., & Xu, S. Y. (2008). Enzymatic production of bioactive peptides from sericin recovered from silk industry wastewater. Process Biochemistry, 43(5), 480-487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2007.11.018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2007...
		Sericin extracted by basic hydrolysis exhibited the best performance.	Manosroi et al. (2010)Manosroi, A., Boonpisuttinant, K., Winitchai, S., Manosroi, W., & Manosroi, J. (2010). Free radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibition activity of oils and sericin extracted from Thai native silkworms (Bombyx mori). Pharmaceutical Biology, 48(8), 855-860. PMid:20673171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880200903300212 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13880200903300...
	Tyrosinase mushroom solution, Tyrosinase apple solution, Tyrosinase banana solution, Tyrosinase bean sprouts solution	Hydrolyzed sericin at 5%.	Puangphet et al. (2018)Puangphet, A., Jiamyangyuen, S., Tiyaboonchai, W., & Thongsook, T. (2018). Amino acid composition and anti-polyphenol oxidase of peptide fractions from sericin hydrolysate. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 53(4), 976-985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13672 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13672...
ROS (Reactive oxygen species)	Skin fibroblast cell line (AH927) damaged by H₂O₂	Locally treated (pre-incubation) for 24 h.	Dash et al. (2008)Dash, R., Acharya, C., Bindu, P. C., & Kundu, S. C. (2008). Antioxidant potential of silk protein sericin against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in skin fibroblasts. BMB Reports, 41(3), 236-241. PMid:18377728. http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2008.41.3.236 http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2008.41...
	Catalase activity (CAT)	Sericin at 10 and 100 μg/mL	Kumar & Mandal (2017)Kumar, J. P., & Mandal, B. B. (2017). Antioxidant potential of mulberry and non-mulberry silk sericin and its implications in biomedicine. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 108, 803-818. PMid:28476503 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiome...
	Brain and peripheral rat tissues	Glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) analyzed as oxidative stress markers.	Deori et al. (2016)Deori, M., Devi, D., Kumari, S., Hazarika, A., Kalita, H., Sarma, R., & Devi, R. (2016). Antioxidant effect of sericin in brain and peripheral tissues of oxidative stress induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 7, 319. PMid:27695419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.00319 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2016.003...
	Larvae mid-gut cell homogenate	CAT and SOD analyzed.	Micheal & Subramanyam (2014)Micheal, A. S., & Subramanyam, M. (2014). Influence of sericin in alleviating the hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress in silkworm Bombyx mori: Role of the amino acids. Information Systems Journal, 11, 257-272.
FRAP (Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay)	Biochemical assay	Sericin at 1 mg/mL.	Kumar & Mandal (2017)Kumar, J. P., & Mandal, B. B. (2017). Antioxidant potential of mulberry and non-mulberry silk sericin and its implications in biomedicine. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 108, 803-818. PMid:28476503 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiome...
		Mulberry and non-mulberry strains were analyzed.	Butkhup et al. (2012)Butkhup, L., Jeenphakdee, M., Jorjong, S., Samappito, S., Samappito, W., & Butimal, J. (2012). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Thai and Eri silk sericins. Food Science and Biotechnology, 21(2), 389-398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-012-0050-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-012-005...
		Sericin hydrolysate with bacterial protease	Yakul et al. (2019)Yakul, K., Takenaka, S., Nakamura, K., Techapun, C., Leksawasdi, N., Seesuriyachan, P., Watanabe, M., & Chaiyaso, T. (2019). Characterization of thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus halodurans SE5 and its application in degumming coupled with sericin hydrolysate production from yellow cocoon. Process Biochemistry, 78, 63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019...
ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)	Biochemical assay	Hot water extraction at different times was studied.	Sangwong et al. (2016)Sangwong, G., Sumida, M., & Sutthikhum, V. (2016). Antioxidant activity of chemically and enzymatically modified sericin extracted from cocoons of Bombyx mori. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 5, 155-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2016.01.010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2016.01...
		Mulberry and non-mulberry strains were analyzed.	Butkhup et al. (2012)Butkhup, L., Jeenphakdee, M., Jorjong, S., Samappito, S., Samappito, W., & Butimal, J. (2012). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Thai and Eri silk sericins. Food Science and Biotechnology, 21(2), 389-398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-012-0050-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-012-005...
		Sericin hydrolysate with bacterial protease	Yakul et al. (2019)Yakul, K., Takenaka, S., Nakamura, K., Techapun, C., Leksawasdi, N., Seesuriyachan, P., Watanabe, M., & Chaiyaso, T. (2019). Characterization of thermostable alkaline protease from Bacillus halodurans SE5 and its application in degumming coupled with sericin hydrolysate production from yellow cocoon. Process Biochemistry, 78, 63-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.003 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2019...
DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)	Biochemical assay	Mulberry and non-mulberry strains were analyzed.	Butkhup et al. (2012)Butkhup, L., Jeenphakdee, M., Jorjong, S., Samappito, S., Samappito, W., & Butimal, J. (2012). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Thai and Eri silk sericins. Food Science and Biotechnology, 21(2), 389-398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-012-0050-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10068-012-005...
		Alkali sericin extraction presented the best antioxidant activity.	Kumar & Mandal (2017)Kumar, J. P., & Mandal, B. B. (2017). Antioxidant potential of mulberry and non-mulberry silk sericin and its implications in biomedicine. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 108, 803-818. PMid:28476503 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiome...
		Sericin at 1 to 9 mg /mL.	Fan et al. (2009)Fan, J. B., Wu, L. P., Chen, L. S., Mao, X. Y., & Ren, F. Z. (2009). Antioxidant activities of silk sericin from silkworm bombyx mori. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 33(1), 74-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.2008.00204.x http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.20...
		Sericin and protease-hydrolyzed sericin is studied	Sangwong et al. (2016)Sangwong, G., Sumida, M., & Sutthikhum, V. (2016). Antioxidant activity of chemically and enzymatically modified sericin extracted from cocoons of Bombyx mori. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 5, 155-161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2016.01.010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2016.01...
ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity)	Bread with and without sericin	8 g sericin per 300 g bread.	Takechi et al. (2014)Takechi, T., Wada, R., Fukuda, T., Harada, K., & Takamura, H. (2014). Antioxidant activities of two sericin proteins extracted from cocoon of silkworm (Bombyx mori) measured by DPPH, chemiluminescence, ORAC and ESR methods. Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 364-369. PMid:24748975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/br.2014.244 http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/br.2014.244...
Flavonoids quantification	Sericin from different strains	Extraction by different solvent were studied.	Napavichayanun et al. (2017)Napavichayanun, S., Lutz, O., Fischnaller, M., Jakschitz, T., Bonn, G., & Aramwit, P. (2017). Identification and quantification and antioxidant activity of flavonoids in different strains of silk cocoon, Bombyx mori. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 631, 58-65. PMid:28807613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2017.08.010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2017.08....
Flavonoids quantification	Sericin from different strains	Sericin at 1 mg/mL. Different extraction methods analyzed.	Kumar & Mandal (2017)Kumar, J. P., & Mandal, B. B. (2017). Antioxidant potential of mulberry and non-mulberry silk sericin and its implications in biomedicine. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 108, 803-818. PMid:28476503 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiome...

[1] *Corresponding Author: Catalina Álvarez-López, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Facultad de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Grupo de Investigaciones Agroindustriales, Circular 1 # 70-01, Bloque 11, Piso 3, Medellín - Colombia, e-mail: catalina.alvarezl@upb.edu.co

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Extração e atividade antioxidante da sericina, uma proteína da seda

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