Biodegradability assessment of starch/glycerol foam and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/starch film by respirometric tests

Taiatele Junior, Ivan; Dal Bosco, Tatiane Cristina; Bertozzi, Janksyn; Michels, Roger Nabeyama; Mali, Suzana

doi:10.1590/1981-6723.24818

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Brazilian Journal of Food Technology

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Braz. J. Food Technol. 23 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.24818 copy

Biodegradability assessment of starch/glycerol foam and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/starch film by respirometric tests

Avaliação da biodegradabilidade de espuma de amido/glicerol e de filme de poli(butileno adipato-co-tereftalato)/amido em testes respirométricos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objectives of this work were to determine the biodegradability of starch/glycerol foam and of poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/starch film using respirometric methods and also to compare these results with conventional polymers – expanded polystyrene and low-density polyethylene. A matured organic compost was utilized as inoculum and sucrose was used as positive reference material. Biodegradation efficiencies (BE) after 47 days were: 35% for sucrose; 34% for starch/glycerol; and 38% for PBAT/starch. Starch/glycerol and PBAT/starch presented BE statistically equal to sucrose, whilst both the conventional packaging used were not degraded (p> 0.05). Infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses showed that the microbiota rather degraded the starch over the PBAT in the PBAT/starch blend, and also that some starch remained intact in the internal polymeric matrix. This study verified that starch/glycerol foam and PBAT/starch film are highly biodegradable materials and may then be used to enhance the biodegradability of some products such as disposable trays and supermarket bags.

Keywords:
Biopolymers; PBAT; Sturm; Thermoplastic; Starch; Composting

Material (Treatment)	Dry mass (g)^a a Total mass of polymer multiplied by total dry solids content.	Theoretical CO₂ (g)^b b Values obtained from Equation 3. ^;^c c Common capital letters within columns denote the absence of a significant difference (p > 0.05).
Sucrose (T1)	44.994 ± 0.026	66.643 ± 0.039 ^A
Starch/glycerol foams (T2)	6.169 ± 0.006	9.137 ± 0.009 ^C
PBAT/starch films (T3)	13.168 ± 0.029	19.510 ± 0.043 ^B
EPS trays (T4)	0.703 ± 0.004	1.041 ± 0.006 ^D
LDPE bags (T5)	0.505 ± 0.008	0.721 ± 0.011 ^E

Sample	Moisture (%)^a	Total Dry Solids (%)^a a Common capital letters within columns denote the absence of significant difference (p > 0.05).	Fixed Solids (%)^a a Common capital letters within columns denote the absence of significant difference (p > 0.05).	Volatile Solids (%)^a	Total Organic Carbon (%)^a	Total Nitrogen (%)^a
Sucrose (T1)	0.27^C	99.73^A	0.09^C	99.91^A	40.40^A	0.00^B
Starch/glycerol foam (T2)	12.16^B	87.84^B	0.10^C	99.90^A	40.39^A	0.00^B
PBAT/starch film (T3)	12.41^B	87.59^B	0.06^C	99.94^A	40.41^A	0.00^B
EPS tray (T4)	0.00^C	100.00^A	0.12^C	99.88^A	40.38^A	0.00^B
LDPE bag (T5)	0.72^C	99.28^A	3.49^B	96.51^B	38.95^B	0.00^B
Compost (inoculum)	62.92^A	37.08^C	19.51^A	80.49^C	32.14^C	2.86^A

Material/Treatment	Cumulative CO₂ mass (mg)^a a Common capital letters within columns denote the absence of significant difference (p > 0.05). ^;^b b Values between brackets stand for CO2 evolution lower than control.	Sample mass (g)	Cumulative CO₂ mass/ sample mass (mg g^-1)^a;b
Sucrose (T1)	23353.73 ± 2267.55 ^A	45.12 ± 0.03	517.66 ± 50.50 ^A
Starch/glycerol foams (T2)	3095.80 ± 786.63 ^C	7.02 ± 0.01	440.74 ± 111.88 ^A
PBAT/starch films (T3)	7433.58 ± 870.64 ^B	15.03 ± 0.03	494.48 ± 57.78 ^A
EPS trays (T4)	(1160.03) ± 96.12 ^D	0.70 ± 0.00	(1649.64) ± 134.00 ^C
LDPE bags (T5)	(482.26) ± 161.26 ^D	0.51 ± 0.01	(951.86) ± 331.60 ^B

Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos - ITAL Av. Brasil, 2880, 13070-178 Campinas - SP / Brasil, Tel 55 19 3743-1762 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjftsec@ital.sp.gov.br

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[1] *Corresponding Author: Ivan Taiatele Junior, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Centro de Tecnologia e Urbanismo, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR-445, Km 380, Campus Universitário, CEP: 86057-970, Londrina/PR - Brasil, e-mail: taiatele.ivan@gmail.com