Mineralogy, petrology, and origin of the Pedra Branca Suite: a tonalitic-trondhjemitic association with high Zr, Ti and Y, Carajás Province, Amazonian Craton

Silva, Arthur Santos da; Feio, Gilmara Regina Lima; Alves, João Paulo Silva; Dall’Agnol, Roberto; Almeida, José de Arimatéia Costa de; Gomes, Allan Cardek Brunelli

doi:10.1590/2317-4889202020190093

Arthur Santos da Silva ^**Corresponding author.

Universidade de Brasília - Brasília (DF), Brazil. E-mail: santos_arthur@hotmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8363-4476

Gilmara Regina Lima Feio

Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará - Marabá (PA), Brazil. E-mail: gilmarafeio@unifesspa.edu.br, ari@unifesspa.edu.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-6693

João Paulo Silva Alves

Universidade Federal do Pará - Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: joao.p-17@hotmail.com, alanbrunelli@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6258-6479

Roberto Dall’Agnol

Instituto Tecnológico Vale - Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: robdal@ufpa.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-295X

José de Arimatéia Costa de Almeida

Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará - Marabá (PA), Brazil. E-mail: gilmarafeio@unifesspa.edu.br, ari@unifesspa.edu.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5128-3026

Allan Cardek Brunelli Gomes

Universidade Federal do Pará - Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: joao.p-17@hotmail.com, alanbrunelli@gmail.com

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3819-8265

*Corresponding author.

A.S.S. participated in the whole study and wrote most part of the manuscript, including the construction of the figures and tables. Also, he corrected the manuscript according to the reviewer’s suggestions. G.R.L.F. conceptualized the original idea and improved and reviewed the original draft. J.P.S.A. was responsible for writing the original parts of mineral chemistry and crystallization parameters. R.D. was responsible for the conceptualization and review of the original draft and helped review the magmatic differentiation. J.A.C.A. reviewed the original draft. A.C.B.G. obtained original geochemical data and helped in the petrogenetic setting.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Samples	Tonalite							Trondhjemite
Samples	AMR-124A	AMR-122C	AMR-121D	AMR-123	AMR-121A	AER-68	AER-71C	AER-70	AMR-124B	AMR-121E	AMR-191A	AER-69B	AMR-126A
SiO₂	55.74	62.67	64.03	65.36	66.50	71.38	72.68	73.70	74.85	75.42	77.26	77.60	79.52
TiO₂	1.77	1.28	1.39	1.27	1.32	0.84	0.34	0.55	0.51	0.46	0.34	0.59	0.19
Al₂O₃	13.25	14.07	14.29	14.21	14.98	13.62	13.21	15.14	14.11	14.03	13.25	12.61	11.42
FeO	10.42	7.83	5.33	5.70	2.83	2.75	2.38	0.22	1.16	0.92	0.25	0.39	1.12
Fe₂O₃	11.58	8.70	5.92	6.34	3.14	3.06	2.65	0.25	1.29	1.02	0.28	0.43	1.24
MnO	0.13	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.02	0.02	< 0.01	0.02	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
MgO	4.16	1.30	1.58	1.46	1.87	0.55	0.91	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.01	0.05	0.11
CaO	8.01	4.88	6.22	4.84	5.95	3.83	3.57	2.47	2.03	2.26	2.39	2.21	0.93
Na₂O	3.81	5.12	4.92	4.97	4.91	5.19	4.73	6.14	5.28	5.24	5.19	5.17	4.81
K₂O	0.62	0.68	0.53	0.63	0.50	0.62	0.55	0.62	0.75	0.71	0.57	0.57	0.93
P₂O₅	0.43	0.30	0.40	0.06	< 0.01	0.15	0.07	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.01
LOI	0.30	0.80	0.50	0.60	0.60	0.60	1.10	0.90	1.00	0.70	0.60	0.60	0.70
Ba	198.00	207.00	193.00	310.00	204.00	137.00	65.00	157.00	277.00	234.00	102.00	157.00	303.00
Rb	8.60	12.10	6.20	8.20	13.90	12.10	20.70	15.80	19.30	17.50	10.80	13.60	29.90
Sr	241.30	279.40	299.00	288.30	316.00	207.30	184.70	219.60	230.40	237.30	193.00	185.00	132.10
Zr	168.10	415.00	335.80	476.30	416.50	667.10	388.80	528.70	299.50	245.80	429.70	602.60	239.20
Nb	6.80	20.70	25.00	24.60	21.10	11.80	7.30	10.30	4.60	2.90	8.20	8.80	10.20
Y	16.40	30.00	34.60	29.10	13.10	50.30	30.20	12.40	1.60	1.30	11.10	7.70	3.70
Th	4.30	18.10	15.10	19.70	25.60	8.00	20.20	1.70	21.10	32.10	8.80	5.10	16.00
Ni	7.70	< 20	3.60	< 20	< 20	5.10	9.90	2.20	< 20	1.00	< 20	< 20	1.60
Co	40.10	32.70	33.50	30.50	36.40	8.80	108.20	94.30	28.40	43.60	1.30	70.50	57.90
Zn	8.00	9.00	7.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	10.00	6.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	7.00	4.00
La	11.00	8.30	9.60	4.80	5.00	15.40	5.90	14.40	2.00	1.90	7.90	12.10	6.00
Ce	34.40	20.20	24.50	8.60	5.90	33.90	10.80	13.30	3.00	2.70	16.80	12.00	10.50
Pr	5.35	3.40	3.61	2.02	1.42	6.21	1.72	3.24	0.26	0.24	2.45	2.71	1.16
Nd	24.90	17.50	17.30	9.60	5.60	33.60	8.50	12.70	1.00	0.90	10.10	9.60	4.50
Sm	4.55	4.52	4.14	3.05	1.47	8.06	2.64	2.13	0.16	0.13	1.69	1.57	0.84
Eu	1.57	1.11	1.21	1.67	1.37	2.34	0.88	1.14	0.90	0.83	0.98	1.16	1.04
Gd	3.72	4.76	4.72	4.00	1.53	8.92	3.78	2.06	0.08	0.13	1.53	1.38	0.78
Tb	0.54	0.77	0.65	0.83	0.30	1.41	0.72	0.32	0.02	0.02	0.27	0.24	0.10
Dy	3.07	4.34	4.26	5.38	2.17	8.25	4.52	1.93	0.19	0.15	1.59	1.43	0.59
Ho	0.60	0.91	0.92	1.19	0.43	1.67	1.02	0.39	0.05	0.04	0.33	0.30	0.13
Er	1.78	2.63	2.69	3.86	1.47	4.95	3.32	1.17	0.20	0.18	1.12	0.91	0.37
Tm	0.25	0.41	0.42	0.66	0.25	0.70	0.59	0.18	0.05	0.03	0.19	0.16	0.05
Yb	1.85	2.71	2.84	4.69	1.92	4.40	3.87	1.39	0.41	0.35	1.28	1.10	0.38
Lu	0.31	0.44	0.47	0.75	0.32	0.70	0.69	0.25	0.08	0.06	0.21	0.18	0.07
V	306.00	104.00	65.00	57.00	39.00	41.00	35.00	< 8	< 8	< 8	8.00	< 8	13.00
Cr	-	99.85	-	99.83	99.84	-	-	-	99.89	-	99.90	99.86	-
K₂O/Na₂O	0.16	0.13	0.11	0.13	0.10	0.12	0.12	0.10	0.14	0.14	0.11	0.11	0.19
*Mg	0.42	0.23	0.35	0.31	0.54	0.26	0.40	0.14	0.04	0.06	0.07	0.19	0.15
FeO/(FeO+MgO)	0.71	0.86	0.77	0.80	0.60	0.83	0.72	0.92	0.97	0.97	0.96	0.89	0.15
Eu/Eu*	1.13	0.73	0.83	1.46	2.77	0.84	0.85	1.64	21.63	19.31	1.83	2.35	3.86

Sample	ADK 43	AMR-124A	Cs1	Cs2
Lithology	Horblende Gabbronorite	Hornblende Tonalite	Cs1	Cs2
SiO₂	51.05	56.02	48.69	48.66
TiO₂	0.86	1.78	1.11	0.93
Al₂O₃	13.88	13.32	13.85	13.79
Fe₂O₃	13.49	11.64	13.75	13.88
MnO	0.21	0.13	0.06	0.03
MgO	10.83	8.05	8.67	11.85
CaO	1.98	3.83	11.34	2.19
Na₂O	0.45	0.62	1.99	0.42
K₂O	0	0.43	0.55	0
Ni	28	7.70	6.64	7.66
Rb	15.7	8.60	23.40	19.23
Ba	122	198.00	194.00	188.00
Sr	92.8	241.30	125.00	120.00
Nb	3.4	6.80	4.70	5.06
Zr	68.4	168.10	109.00	104.00
Y	23	16.40	17.06	19.81
La	7.5	11.00	11.48	11.61
Ce	14.3	34.40	21.87	22.24
Nd	7.5	24.90	11.86	11.43
Sm	2.32	4.55	2.66	2.98
Eu	0.79	1.57	0.68	0.74
Gd	3.01	3.72	2.48	2.94
Tb	0.59	0.54	0.45	0.54
Dy	4.11	3.07	3.13	3.75
Er	2.5	1.78	1.98	2.37
Yb	2.39	1.85	2.06	2.44
Lu	0.28	0.31	0.24	0.29
Residue composition (%)
Plagioclase An 40			7.86%	27.35%
Clinopyroxen			21.39%	16.23%
Hornblende			70.74%	53.59%
Magnetite				2.84%
F			27%	28%
Σr²			0.944	0.809

Pedra Branca suite	Tonalite
Samples	AMR - 121A	AMR - 124A
Pressure (kbar)
Al total	1.89 - 2.16	1.63 - 2.50
Hammarstron and Zen (1986Hammarstron J.M., Zen E.A. 1986. Aluminum in hornblende: an empirical igneous geobarometer. American Mineralogist, 71:1297-1313.)	5.4 - 6.9	4.3 - 8.6
Schmidt (1992Schmidt M.W. 1992. Amphibole composition in tonalite as a function of pressure: An experimental calibration of the Al-in-hornblende barometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 110:304-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310745 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... )	5.8 - 7.2	4.9 - 8.9
Hollister et al. (1987Hollister L.S., Grissom G.C., Peters E.K., Stowell H.H., Sisson V.B. 1987. Confirmation of the empirical correlation of Al in hornblende with pressure of solidification of calc-alkaline plutons. American Mineralogist, 72(3-4):231-139.)	5.7 - 7.4	4.4 - 9.3
Johnson and Rutherford (1989Johnson M.C., Rutherford M.J. 1989. Experimental calibration of the aluminium-in-hornblende geobarometer with application to Long Valley caldera (California) volcanic rocks. Geology, 17(9):837-841. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1989)017%3C0837:ECOTAI%3E2.3.CO;2 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1130/... )	4.4 - 5.7	3.4 - 7.1
Anderson and Smith (1995Anderson J.L., Smith D.R 1995. The effects of temperature and ƒO2 on the Al-in-hornblende barometer. American Mineralogist, 80:549-559.)	5.8 - 7.3	4.5 - 6.1
Temperature (°C)
Ridolfi et al. (2010Ridolfi F., Renzulli A., Puerini M. 2010. Stability and chemical equilibrium of amphibole in calc-alkaline magmas: an overview, new thermobarometric formulations and application to subduction-related volcanoes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 160(1):45-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-009-0465-7 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/... )	888 - 905	862 - 945

T (° C) = - 151.487 S i * + 2041; S i * = S i + ({A l}^{I V} / 15) - (2 {T i}^{I V}) - ({A l}^{V I} / 2) - ({T i}^{V I} / 1.8) + ({F e}^{3 +} / 9) + ({F e}^{2 +} / 3.3) + (M g / 26) + ({C a}^{B} / 5) + ({N a}^{B} / 1.3) - ({N a}^{A} / 15) + (K^{A} / 2.3)

[1] *Corresponding author.

Brasil

Brasil

Mineralogy, petrology, and origin of the Pedra Branca Suite: a tonalitic-trondhjemitic association with high Zr, Ti and Y, Carajás Province, Amazonian Craton

Abstract