Daikos (2009)9 Michalopoulos (2010)10
|
Greece Greece |
Prospective, 2 arms Prospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients ICU patients; DM, COPD; Mean APACHE score = 23.4 ± 4.9 |
Colistin Colistin |
Carba Fos |
Nguyen (2010)11
|
United States |
Retrospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients (52.1% were ICU patients); Median APACHE score = 19 (range 12–35) |
Polymyxin B |
Tige |
Souli (2010)12
|
Greece |
Retrospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients (64.7% were ICU patients); Mean APACHE score = 18.9 ± 7.4 |
Colistin |
Carba, Tige, AG, FQ, Tzp |
Satlin (2011)13
|
United States |
Retrospective, 2 arms |
2 were outpatients; 85 were Inpatients (15% were ICU patients) |
Polymyxin B |
None |
Zarkotou (2011)14
|
Greece |
Prospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients (71.7% were in the ICU patients); Mean APACHE score = 21.1 ± 8.2 |
Colistin |
Carba, Tige, AG |
Alexander (2012)15
|
United States |
Retrospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients (21.4% were ICU patients) |
Colistin |
AG, Dox |
Bergamasco (2012)16
|
Brazil |
Retrospective, 2 arms |
Solid-organ transplant recipients |
Polymyxin B |
Carba, Tige |
Qureshi (2012)17
|
United States |
Retrospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients (52.9% were ICU patients at enrollment); 51.2% had an APACHE score ≥20 |
Colistin; Polymyxin B |
Carba, Tige, FQ |
Sanchez (2012)18
|
Spain |
Retrospective, 2 arms |
ICU patients; Mean APACHE scores = 21.5 ± 5.8 |
Colistin |
Tige, AG |
Tumbarello (2012)19
|
Italy |
Retrospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients (13.6% were in shock); Mean APACHE score >30 |
Colistin |
Carba, Tige, AG |
Capone (2013)20
|
Italy |
Prospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients (48.4% were ICU patients); Median APACHE score = 15 (range 12–20) |
Colistin |
Tige, AG, Fos |
Navarro (2013)21
|
Spain |
Prospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients (23.5% were ICU patients); septic shock or severe sepsis (60%)) |
Colistin |
Carba, Tige, AG, Fos |
Balkan (2014)22
|
Turkey |
Retrospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients (58.8% were ICU patients) |
Colistin |
Carba, Tige, AG |
Daikos (2014)23
|
Greece |
Retrospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients (56.6% were ICU patients) |
Colistin |
Carba, Tige, AG |
Huang (2014)24
|
Taiwan |
Retrospective, 2 arms |
Inpatients (60.5% were ICU patients) |
Colistin |
None |
Kontopidou (2014)25
|
Greece |
Prospective, 2 arms |
ICU patients; Mean APACHE score ≥20 |
Colistin |
Carba, Tige, AG |
Papadimitriou (2014)26
|
Greece |
Prospective, 2 arms |
ICU patients; Mean APACHE score = 16 ± 8.0 |
Colistin |
Tige, AG |
Pontikis (2014)27
|
Greece |
Prospective, 2 arms |
ICU patients, Mean APACHE scores = 18.13 ± 5.6 |
Colistin |
Carba, Tige, AG, Tzp |
Souli (2008)28
|
Greece |
Retrospective, single arm |
Inpatients (58.8% were ICU patients); Median APACHE score = 22 (range 10–33) |
Colistin |
Carba, AG, Tzp, FQ, Dox |
Maltezou (2009)29
|
Greece |
Retrospective, single arm |
ICU patients |
Colistin |
Tige, AG |
Mouloudi (2010)30
|
Greece |
Retrospective, single arm |
ICU patients |
Colistin |
AG |
Di Carlo (2013)31
|
Italy |
Prospective, single arm |
ICU patients, Mean APACHE scores = 23.4 ±1.7 |
Colistin |
Tige |
Dubrovskaya (2013)32
|
United States |
Retrospective, single arm |
Inpatients (52.5% were ICU patients) |
Colistin |
None |
Crusio (2014)33
|
Netherlands |
Prospective, single arm |
Inpatients; Mean APACHE scores = 20 |
Polymyxin B |
Carba, A-S |
Author (year) |
Control group |
Sample size (Polymyxin group/Control group) |
Type of infection
|
Organisms isolated |
Susceptibility testing method (susceptibility breakpoints used) |
Polymyxins |
Other antibiotics |
Daikos (2009)9
|
Carba, AG |
23/26 |
BSI |
VIM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
Etest (CLSI, 2004) |
Etest (CLSI, 2004) |
Michalopoulos (2010)10
|
Fos, AG, Tzp |
6/5 |
BSI, VAP, UTI, Wound infection |
Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae
|
NA |
NA |
Nguyen (2010)11
|
Tige, other |
22/26 |
BSI |
Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae
|
Etest (CLSI, 2009) |
Etest; Vitek 2 automated system (CLSI, 2009) |
Souli (2010)12
|
Carba, Tige, AG, Tzp |
14/3 |
BSI, SSI, UTI, HAP |
KPC-producing K. pneumoniae
|
Etest (EUCAST, 2009) |
Etest; Agar dilution (CLSI, 2009; FDA) |
Satlin (2011)13
|
Tige, AG |
25/62 |
UTI |
Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae
|
Etest (CLSI, 2011) |
Etest; Vitek 2 automated system (CLSI, 2011; FDA) |
Zarkotou (2011)14
|
Carba, Tige, AG |
21/14 |
BSI |
KPC-producing K. pneumoniae
|
Broth microdilution (EUCAST, 2010)
|
Vitek 2 automated system; Broth microdilution (CLSI, 2010) |
Alexander (2012)15
|
AG, Dox, FQ, Ntf
|
2/12 |
UTI, BSI |
KPC-producing K. pneumoniae
|
Disk diffusion (CLSI, 2006) |
Disk diffusion; Etest (CLSI, 2006) |
Bergamasco (2012)16
|
Carba, Tige |
9/3 |
BSI, UTI, SSI, HAP
|
KPC-producing K. pneumoniae
|
Etest (CLSI, 2009) |
Disk diffusion; Etest (CLSI, 2009; FDA) |
Qureshi (2012)17
|
Carba, Tige, AG, FQ, Azt, Cfpm, Tzp, A-S
|
14/20 |
BSI |
KPC-producing K. pneumoniae
|
Broth microdilution (CLSI, 2011) |
Broth microdilution; Etest (CLSI, 2011) |
Sanchez (2012)18
|
Carba, Tige, AG
|
12/12 |
Pneumonia, LRTI, UTI, Meningitis, BSI, IAI, SSTI |
VIM-1-producing K. pneumoniae
|
Broth microdilution; Etest (CLSI, 2011) |
Broth microdilution; Etest (CLSI, 2011; EUCAST, 2011) |
Tumbarello (2012)19
|
Carba, Tige, AG
|
61/36 |
BSI |
KPC-producing K. pneumoniae
|
Vitek 2 automated system (CLSI, 2011) |
Vitek 2 automated system (CLSI, 2011; FDA) |
Capone (2013)20
|
Tige, AG, Fos
|
36/22 |
BSI, UTI, Septic shock, LRTI, SSTI |
KPC-producing K. pneumoniae
|
Broth microdilution (EUCAST, 2010) |
Broth microdilution (EUCAST, 2010) |
Navarro (2013)21
|
Carba, Tige, AG, Fos, FQ, Cef
|
18/16 |
BSI OXA-48-producing |
Enterobacteriaceae (K. pneumoniae , Escherichia coli ) |
Etest (CLSI, 2012) |
Vitek 2 automated system; Etest (CLSI, 2012; FDA) |
Balkan (2014)22
|
Carba, Tige, AG |
24/12 |
BSI |
OXA-48 -producing Enterobacteriaceae (K. pneumoniae , E. coli , Enterobacter aerogenes ) |
Etest (EUCAST, 2013) |
Etest (EUCAST, 2013) |
Daikos (2014)23
|
Carba, Tige, AG, other |
78/86 |
BSI |
Carbapenem-Resistant K. pneumoniae
|
Etest (EUCAST, 2013) |
Etest; Vitek 2 automated system (EUCAST, 2013) |
Huang (2014)24
|
Carba, Tige |
4/29 |
NA |
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (K.pneumoniae , E. coli ) |
Broth microdilution (EUCAST, 2012) |
Broth microdilution (EUCAST, 2012) |
Kontopidou (2014)25
|
Tige, AG, FQ |
57/50 |
VAP, UTI, BSI, SSI, IAI |
Carbapenem-Resistant K.pneumoniae
|
Vitek 2 automated system (EUCAST, 2012) |
Etest; Vitek 2 automated system (CLSI, 2010; EUCAST, 2012) |
Papadimitriou (2014)26
|
Tige, AG |
19/17 |
BSI |
KPC-producing K.pneumoniae
|
Etest (CLSI, 2011) |
Etest, Disk diffusion (CLSI, 2011) |
Pontikis (2014)27
|
Tige, AG |
10/5 |
BSI, UTI, VAP, IAI, Meningitis |
Carbapenem-Resistant K. pneumoniae
|
Vitek 2 automated system (CLSI, 2012) |
Vitek 2 automated system (CLSI, 2012; FDA) |
Souli (2008)28
|
NA |
16/NA |
BSI; VAP |
VIM-1, MBL producing Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiellaspp ., Enterobacter spp. ) |
Etest (BSAC) |
Disk; Etest (CLSI, 2006) |
Maltezou (2009)29
|
NA |
11/NA |
Pneumonia, |
KPC-2-producing K.pneumoniae
|
Etest (CLSI, 2007) |
Disk; Etest (CLSI, 2007) |
Mouloudi (2010)30
|
NA |
53/NA |
SSI BSI |
KPC, MBL producing K.pneumoniae
|
Etest (EUCAST, 2010) |
Etest, Broth microdilution (CLSI, 2007; FDA) |
Di Carlo (2013)31
|
NA |
30/NA |
SSI, IAI, BSI, UTI, SSI, |
KPC-producing K. pneumoniae
|
Etest (EUCAST, 2013) |
Broth microdilution (EUCAST, 2013) |
Dubrovskaya (2013)32
|
NA |
40/NA |
Pneumonia, IAI |
Carbapenem-Resistant K.pneumoniae
|
Etest (CLSI, 2012) |
Etest; Vitek 2 automated system (CLSI, 2012; FDA) |
Crusio (2014)33
|
NA |
25/NA |
BSI, VAP, UTI |
Carbapenem-Resistant K. pneumoniae
|
Vitek 2 automated system (CLSI, 2009) |
Vitek 2 automated system (CLSI, 2009) |