Bailey et al., 1993 2727. Bailey SP, Davis JM, Ahlborn EN. Neuroendocrine and substrate responses to altered brain 5-HT activity during prolonged exercise to fatigue. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74: 3006-3012.
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ip injection of 1.0 mg/kg of quipazine dimaleate (a 5-HT agonist) or 1.5 mg/kg of LY 53857 (a 5-HT antagonist), immediately before the exercise |
Exhausting, constant-speed treadmill running at 20 m/min (5% grade) |
quipazine dimaleate: ↓LY 5385: ↑ |
Calders et al., 1997 5050. Calders P, Pannier JL, Matthys DM, Lacroix EM. Pre-exercise branched-chain amino acid administration increases endurance performance in rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29: 1182–1186, doi: 10.1097/00005768-199709000-00010. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-1997090...
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ip injection of 30 mg of BCAA 5 min before the exercise. BCAA prevent the entry of free L-TRP into the brain and, thus, decrease the brain synthesis of 5-HT |
Exhausting, constant-speed treadmill running at 20 m/min (8% grade) |
↑ |
Min et al., 2003 3333. Min YK, Chung SH, Lee JS, Kim SS, Shin HD, Lim BV, et al. Red ginseng inhibits exercise-induced increase in 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and tryptophan hydroxylase expression in dorsal raphe of rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2003; 93: 218–221, doi: 10.1254/jphs.93.218. https://doi.org/10.1254/jphs.93.218...
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ip injection of Red ginseng (Paeonia radix) extract, which reduces the number of 5-HT-positive cells in the dorsal raphe, once a day for 5 consecutive days. The ginseng was given at three different doses: 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg |
Exhausting, constant-speed treadmill running at 20 m/min that was performed on the 5th day of the experiment |
10 mg/kg: ↑50 mg/kg: ↑100 mg/kg: ↑ (a dose-dependent effect) |
Soares et al., 2003 1313. Soares DD, Lima NR, Coimbra CC, Marubayashi U. Evidence that tryptophan reduces mechanical efficiency and running performance in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003; 74: 357–362, doi: 10.1016/S0091-3057(02)01003-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-3057(02)01...
; 2004 3030. Soares DD, Lima NR, Coimbra CC, Marubayashi U. Intracerebroventricular tryptophan increases heating and heat storage rate in exercising rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004; 78: 255–261, doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2004.03.015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2004.03.01...
; 2007 2929. Soares DD, Coimbra CC, Marubayashi U. Tryptophan-induced central fatigue in exercising rats is related to serotonin content in preoptic area. Neurosci Lett 2007; 415: 274–278, doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01.035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2007.01...
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icv injection of 20.3 µM of L-TRP, a precursor for 5-HT synthesis, immediately before the exercise |
Fatiguing, constant-speed treadmill running at 18 m/min (5% grade) at 23 ± 2°C |
↓ |
Rodrigues et al., 2009 1616. Rodrigues AG, Soares DD, Marubayashi U, Coimbra CC. Heat loss during exercise is related to serotonin activity in the preoptic area. Neuroreport 2009; 20: 804–808, doi: 10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832b8c90. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e32832b...
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icv injection of 5×10-3 M of physostigmine, a drug that blocks the running-induced increase in 5-HT in the preoptic area, immediately before the exercise |
Fatiguing, constant-speed treadmill running at 20 m/min (5% grade) at 23 ± 2°C |
↔ |
Leite et al., 2010 3232. Leite LH, Rodrigues AG, Soares DD, Marubayashi U, Coimbra CC. Central fatigue induced by losartan involves brain serotonin and dopamine content. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42: 1469–1476, doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d03d36. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d0...
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icv injection of 60 nmol of losartan immediately before the exercise. This drug increases the 5-HT-to-DA ratio in the hypothalamus. |
Fatiguing, constant-speed treadmill running at 18 m/min (5% grade) at 22 ± 2°C |
↓ |
Falavigna et al., 2012 5151. Falavigna G, Alves de Araujo J Jr, Rogero MM, Pires IS, Pedrosa RG, Martins E Jr, et al. Effects of diets supplemented with branched-chain amino acids on the performance and fatigue mechanisms of rats submitted to prolonged physical exercise. Nutrients 2012; 4: 1767–1780, doi: 10.3390/nu4111767. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4111767...
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Trained rats ingested a diet supplemented with 3.57% BCAA or 4.76% BCAA during ∼6 weeks |
Swimming exhaustion test, with a water temperature of 32°C |
3.57%: ↑4.76%: ↓ |
Cordeiro et al., 2014 1212. Cordeiro LM, Guimaraes JB, Wanner SP, La Guardia RB, Miranda RM, Marubayashi U, et al. Inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase abolishes fatigue induced by central tryptophan in exercising rats. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24: 80–88, doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01464.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012...
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ip injections of 100 mg·kg-1·day-1 of p-CPA, a drug that selectively depletes cerebral 5-HT, on each of the three days before the trial. These ip injections were associated with an icv injection of saline or 20.3 µM of L-TRP immediately before the exercise |
Fatiguing, constant-speed treadmill running at 18 m/min (5% grade) at 23°C |
ip p-CPA + icv saline: ↔ip p-CPA + icv TRP: ↔ |