Nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes and morphometric indexes in the catfish Cathorops spixii (Ariidae) from different sites on the southeastern Brazilian coast

Azevedo, Juliana de Souza; Braga, Elisabete de Santis; Ribeiro, Ciro Alberto Oliveira

Abstracts

Nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes (NAE) were taken as biomarkers in the catfish Cathorops spixii (Ariidae) sampled in an estuary little affected by human activity (Cananéia) and in three regions (Santos Channel: SC, Santos Bay: SB and São Vicente Channel: SVC) of the Santos-São Vicente estuary impacted by various anthropogenic activities. Increases in NAE were observed in fish from SC and SVC sampled in the summer period as compared with specimens from the Cananéia estuary. These results suggest the presence of genotoxic compounds in these regions. However, the absence of significant differences in micronuclei frequency reflects slight mutagenic effects in these individuals. It is possible that the lower NAE frequency in specimens from SB might be associated with the greater remobilization and dilution of chemicals in this region. The low frequency of NAE in C. spixii from the Cananéia estuary is in accordance with the slight anthropogenic influence in this system, and may be suggestive of the absence of genotoxic and mutagenic effects in these organisms.

nuclear abnormalities; genotoxicy; biomonitoring; estuaries; catfish; Cathorops spixii

Alterações nucleares eritrocitárias (ANE) foram consideradas como biomarcadores nos bagres Cathorops spixii (Ariidae) amostrados em um estuário com baixa influência humana (Cananéia) e em três regiões (Canal de Santos: CS, Baía de Santos: BS e Canal de São Vicente: CSV) no estuário de Santos-São Vicente, impactado por diversas atividades antropogênicas. Aumentos nas ANE foram observados nos peixes amostrados no CS e CSV durante o período de verão, quando comparados com os espécimes do estuário de Cananéia. Estes resultados sugerem a presença de compostos genotóxicos nessas regiões. Entretanto, ausência de diferenças significativas na freqüência de micronúcleos refletem baixos efeitos mutagênicos nesses indivíduos. As menores freqüências de ANE nos espécimes amostrados na BS podem estar associado à maior remobilização e diluição dos compostos químicos na região. A baixa freqüência de ANE em C. spixii do estuário de Cananéia corrobora a menor influência antropogênica nesse sistema, e pode estar sugerindo ausência de efeitos genotóxicos e mutagênicos nos organismos.

alterações nucleares; genotoxicidade; biomonitoramento; estuários; bagres; Cathorops spixii

References

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AL-SABTI, K.; METCALFE, C. D. Fish micronuclei for assessing genotoxicity in water. Mutat. Res., v. 343, p.121-135, 1995.
AYLLON, F.; GARCIA-VAZQUEZ, E., Induction of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus and mollie Poecilia latipinna: an assessment of the fish micronucleus test. Mutat. Res., v. 467, p. 177-186, 2000.
AZEVEDO, J. S.; FERNANDEZ, W. S.; FARIAS, L. A.; FÁVARO, D. I.; BRAGA, E. S. Use of Cathorops spixii as bioindicator of pollution of trace metals in the Santos Bay, Brazil. Ecotoxicol., v. 18, p. 578-586, 2009a.
AZEVEDO, J. S.; SERAFIM, A.; COMPANY, R.; BRAGA, E. S.; FÁVARO, D. I.; BEBIANNO, M.J. Biomarkers of exposure to metal contamination and lipid peroxidation in the benthic fish Cathorops spixii from two estuaries in South America, Brazil . Ecotoxicol., v.18, p.1001-1010, 2009b.
AZEVEDO, J. S.; BRAGA, E. S.; FÁVARO, D. T. I.; PERRETTI, A. R.; REZENDE, C. E.; SOUZA, C. M. M. Total mercury in sediments and in Brazilian Ariidae catfish from two estuaries under different anthropogenic influence. Mar. Pollut. Bull DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.015, 2011.
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BOMBAIL, V.; Aw, D.; GORDON, E.; BATTY, J. Application of the comet and micronucleus assay to butterfish (Pholis gunnellus) erythrocytes from the Firth of Forth, Scotland. Chemosphere, v. 44, p.383-392, 2001.
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ENVIRONMENT CANADA, Canadian sediment quality Guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Summary Tables. 1999. < http://www.ec.gc.ca>
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GRISOLIA, C. K.; STARLING, F. L. R. M. Micronuclei monitoring of fishes from Lake Paranoá, under influence of sewage treatment plant discharges. Mutat. Res., v. 491, p.39-44, 2001.
GUILHERME, S.; VÁLEGA, M.; PEREIRA, M. E.; SANTOS, M. A.; PACHECO, M. Erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities in wild and caged fish (Liza aurata) along an environmental mercury contamination gradient. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., v.70, p.411-421, 2008.
HAYASHI, M.; UEDA, T.; UYENO, K.; WADA, K.; KINAE, N.; SAOTOME, K.; TANAKA, N.; TAKAI, A.; SASAKI, Y. F.; ASANO, N.; SOFUNI, T.; OJIMA, Y. Development of genotoxicity assay systems that use aquatic organisms. Mutat. Res., v. 399, p.125-133, 1998.
HORTELLANI, M. A.; SARKIS, J. E. S.; BONETTI, J.; BONETTI, C. Evaluation of mercury contamination in sediments from Santos - São Vicente Estuarine System, São Paulo State, Brazil. J. Braz. Chem. Society, v. 16, n. 6a, p.1140-1149, 2005.
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LACERDA, L. D. Trace metals biogeochemistry and diffuse pollution in mangrove ecosystems. Mangrove Ecosystems Occasional Papers No.2. Okinawa, Japan: International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, 1998. 65 p.
MARQUES, S. M.; ANTUNES, S. C.; PISSARRA, H.; PEREIRA, M. L.; GONÇALVES, F.; PEREIRA, R. Histopathological changes and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities in Iberian green frogs (Rana perezi Seoane) from a uranium mine pond. Aquatic Toxicol, v. 91, p.187-195, 2009.
MINISSI, S.; CICCOTTI, E.; RIZZONI, M. Micronucleus test in erythrocytes of Barbus plebejus (Teleostei, Pisces) from two natural environments: a bioassay for the in situ detection of mutagens in freshwater. Mutat. Res., v.367, p.245-251, 1996.
OBE, G.; PFEIFFER, P.; SAVAGE, J. R. K.; JOHANNES, C.; GOEDECHE, W.; JEPPESEN, P.; NATARAJAN, A. T.; MARTÍNEZ-LOPEZ, W.; FOLLE, G. A.; DREST, M.E. Chromosomal aberrations: formation, identification and distribution. Mutat. Res., v.504, p.17-36, 2002.
PACHECO, M.; SANTOS, M. A. Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in the erythrocytes of Anguilla anguilla L. exposed either to cyclophosphamide or to bleached kraft pulp mil effluent. Fresenius Environ. Bull., v. 5, p.746-751, 1996.
PORTO, J. I. R.; ARAÚJO, C. S. O.; FELDBERG, E. Mutagenic effects of mercury pollution as revealed by micronucleus test on three Amazonian fish species. Environ. Res., v. 97, p.287-292, 2005.
RAMSDORF, W. A.; FERRARO, M. V. M.; OLIVEIRA-RIBEIRO, C. A.; COSTA, J. R. M.; CESTARI, M. M. Genotoxic evaluation of different doses of inorganic lead (PbII) in Hoplias malabaricus. Environ. Monit. Assess. DOI 10.1007/s10661-008-0566-1, 2008.
SKOOG, D. A.; LEARY, J. L. Principles of instrumental analysis. Fourth Ed. Harcourt Brave College Publishers., 1992. 800 p.
TIJARO, R.; RUEDA, M.; SANTOS-MARTINEZ, A. Dinâmica poblacional del chivo mapalé Cathorops spixii em la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta y complejo de Pajarales, Caribe Colombiano. Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost, v. 27, p.87-102, 1998.
TORRES DE LEMOS, C.; RÖDEL, P. M.; TERRA, N. R.; D'AVILA de OLIVEIRA, N. C.; ERDTMANN, B. River water genotoxicity evaluation using micronucleus assay in fish erythrocytes. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, v. 66, p.391-401, 2007.
UDROIU, I. The micronucleus test in piscine erythrocytes. Aquat. Toxicol, v. 79, p. 201-204, 2006.
WINKLER, L. W. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges v. 21, p.2843-2855, 1888.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
30 Oct 2012
Date of issue
Sept 2012

History

Received
13 July 2011
Accepted
20 July 2012
Reviewed
19 May 2012

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ADAMS, S. M.; RYON, M. G. A comparison of health assessment approaches for evaluating the effects of contaminant-related stress on fish populations. J. Aquat. Ecosyst. Health, v.3, p. 15-25, 1994.

[2] AL-SABTI, K.; METCALFE, C. D. Fish micronuclei for assessing genotoxicity in water. Mutat. Res., v. 343, p.121-135, 1995.

[3] AYLLON, F.; GARCIA-VAZQUEZ, E., Induction of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities in European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus and mollie Poecilia latipinna: an assessment of the fish micronucleus test. Mutat. Res., v. 467, p. 177-186, 2000.

[4] AZEVEDO, J. S.; FERNANDEZ, W. S.; FARIAS, L. A.; FÁVARO, D. I.; BRAGA, E. S. Use of Cathorops spixii as bioindicator of pollution of trace metals in the Santos Bay, Brazil. Ecotoxicol., v. 18, p. 578-586, 2009a.

[5] AZEVEDO, J. S.; SERAFIM, A.; COMPANY, R.; BRAGA, E. S.; FÁVARO, D. I.; BEBIANNO, M.J. Biomarkers of exposure to metal contamination and lipid peroxidation in the benthic fish Cathorops spixii from two estuaries in South America, Brazil . Ecotoxicol., v.18, p.1001-1010, 2009b.

[6] AZEVEDO, J. S.; BRAGA, E. S.; FÁVARO, D. T. I.; PERRETTI, A. R.; REZENDE, C. E.; SOUZA, C. M. M. Total mercury in sediments and in Brazilian Ariidae catfish from two estuaries under different anthropogenic influence. Mar. Pollut. Bull DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.015, 2011.

[7] BIANCHI, T.S. Biogeochemistry of Estuaries New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. 706 p.

[8] BÍCEGO, M. C.; TANIGUCHI, S.; YOGUI, G. T.; MONTONE, R. C.; SILVA, D. A. M.; LOURENÇO, R. A.; MARTINS, C. C.; SASAKI, S. T.; PELLIZARI, V. H.; WEBER, R. R. Assessment of contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls and aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Santos and São Vicente Estuary System, São Paulo, Brazil. Mar. Pollut. Bull., v. 52, p.1784–1832, 2006.

[9] BOMBAIL, V.; Aw, D.; GORDON, E.; BATTY, J. Application of the comet and micronucleus assay to butterfish (Pholis gunnellus) erythrocytes from the Firth of Forth, Scotland. Chemosphere, v. 44, p.383-392, 2001.

[10] CARRASCO, K. R.; TILBURY, K. L.; MYERS, M. S. Assessment of the Piscine Micronucleus Test as an in situ biological indicator of chemical contaminant effects. Canadian J. Fish. Sci., v. 47, p.2123-2136, 1990.

[11] CESTARI, M. M.; LEMOS, P. M. M.; OLIVEIRA-RIBEIRO, C. A.; COSTA, J. R. M. A.; PELLETIER, E.; FERRARO, M. V. M.; MANTOVANI, M.S.; FENOCCHIO, A. S. Genetic damage induced by thophic doses of lead in the neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae) as revealed by the comet assay and chromosomal aberrations. Genet. Mol. Biol., v. 27, p.270-274, 2004.

[12] ÇAVAS, T.; ERGENE-GÖZÜKARA, S. Genotoxicity evaluation of metronidazole using the piscine micronucleus test by acridine orange fluorescent staining. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol, v. 19, p. 107-111, 2005.

[13] ENVIRONMENT CANADA, Canadian sediment quality Guidelines for the protection of aquatic life. Summary Tables. 1999. < http://www.ec.gc.ca>

[14] FARIAS, L. A.; AZEVEDO, J.; FÁVARO, D. I. T.; SARAIVA, E. S. B. G. Evaluation of mercury, selenium and methylmercury in fish consumed by Santos Bay Communities, São Paulo, Brasil. In: ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE APLICAÇÕES NUCLEARES, ENAN, 7., Santos, Brazil, 2005. Anais ... v.1, p.1-9, 2005.

[15] FERRARO, M. V. M.; FENOCCHIO, A. S.; MANTOVANI, M. S.; CESTARI, M. M.; OLIVEIRA RIBEIRO, C. A. Mutagenic effects of tributyltin (TBT) and inorganic lead (PbII) on the fish H. malabaricus as evaluated of by using the comet assay, Piscine Micronucleus and chromosome aberrations tests. Genet. Mol. Biol., v.27, p.103-107, 2004.

[16] FIGUEIREDO, J. L.; MENEZES, N. A. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil II. Teleostei (1). São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, 1978. 110 p.

[17] GRISOLIA, C. K.; STARLING, F. L. R. M. Micronuclei monitoring of fishes from Lake Paranoá, under influence of sewage treatment plant discharges. Mutat. Res., v. 491, p.39-44, 2001.

[18] GUILHERME, S.; VÁLEGA, M.; PEREIRA, M. E.; SANTOS, M. A.; PACHECO, M. Erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities in wild and caged fish (Liza aurata) along an environmental mercury contamination gradient. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., v.70, p.411-421, 2008.

[19] HAYASHI, M.; UEDA, T.; UYENO, K.; WADA, K.; KINAE, N.; SAOTOME, K.; TANAKA, N.; TAKAI, A.; SASAKI, Y. F.; ASANO, N.; SOFUNI, T.; OJIMA, Y. Development of genotoxicity assay systems that use aquatic organisms. Mutat. Res., v. 399, p.125-133, 1998.

[20] HORTELLANI, M. A.; SARKIS, J. E. S.; BONETTI, J.; BONETTI, C. Evaluation of mercury contamination in sediments from Santos - São Vicente Estuarine System, São Paulo State, Brazil. J. Braz. Chem. Society, v. 16, n. 6a, p.1140-1149, 2005.

[21] HOSHINA, M. M.; ANGELIS, D. F.; MARIN-MORALES, M. A. Induction of micronucleus and nuclear alterations in fish (Oreochromis niloticus) by a petroleum refinery effluent. Mutat. Res., v. 656, p. 44 – 48, 2008.

[22] KARELS, A. E.; SOIMASUO, M.; LAPPIVAARA, J.; LEPPANEN, H.; AALTONEN, T.; MELLANEN, P.; OIKARI, A. O. J. Effects of EFC-bleached kraft mill effluent on reproductive steroids and liver MFO activity in populations of pearch and roach. Ecotoxicol., v. 7, p.123-132, 1998.

[23] LACERDA, L. D. Trace metals biogeochemistry and diffuse pollution in mangrove ecosystems. Mangrove Ecosystems Occasional Papers No.2. Okinawa, Japan: International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, 1998. 65 p.

[24] MARQUES, S. M.; ANTUNES, S. C.; PISSARRA, H.; PEREIRA, M. L.; GONÇALVES, F.; PEREIRA, R. Histopathological changes and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities in Iberian green frogs (Rana perezi Seoane) from a uranium mine pond. Aquatic Toxicol, v. 91, p.187-195, 2009.

[25] MINISSI, S.; CICCOTTI, E.; RIZZONI, M. Micronucleus test in erythrocytes of Barbus plebejus (Teleostei, Pisces) from two natural environments: a bioassay for the in situ detection of mutagens in freshwater. Mutat. Res., v.367, p.245-251, 1996.

[26] OBE, G.; PFEIFFER, P.; SAVAGE, J. R. K.; JOHANNES, C.; GOEDECHE, W.; JEPPESEN, P.; NATARAJAN, A. T.; MARTÍNEZ-LOPEZ, W.; FOLLE, G. A.; DREST, M.E. Chromosomal aberrations: formation, identification and distribution. Mutat. Res., v.504, p.17-36, 2002.

[27] PACHECO, M.; SANTOS, M. A. Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in the erythrocytes of Anguilla anguilla L. exposed either to cyclophosphamide or to bleached kraft pulp mil effluent. Fresenius Environ. Bull., v. 5, p.746-751, 1996.

[28] PORTO, J. I. R.; ARAÚJO, C. S. O.; FELDBERG, E. Mutagenic effects of mercury pollution as revealed by micronucleus test on three Amazonian fish species. Environ. Res., v. 97, p.287-292, 2005.

[29] RAMSDORF, W. A.; FERRARO, M. V. M.; OLIVEIRA-RIBEIRO, C. A.; COSTA, J. R. M.; CESTARI, M. M. Genotoxic evaluation of different doses of inorganic lead (PbII) in Hoplias malabaricus. Environ. Monit. Assess. DOI 10.1007/s10661-008-0566-1, 2008.

[30] SKOOG, D. A.; LEARY, J. L. Principles of instrumental analysis. Fourth Ed. Harcourt Brave College Publishers., 1992. 800 p.

[31] TIJARO, R.; RUEDA, M.; SANTOS-MARTINEZ, A. Dinâmica poblacional del chivo mapalé Cathorops spixii em la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta y complejo de Pajarales, Caribe Colombiano. Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost, v. 27, p.87-102, 1998.

[32] TORRES DE LEMOS, C.; RÖDEL, P. M.; TERRA, N. R.; D'AVILA de OLIVEIRA, N. C.; ERDTMANN, B. River water genotoxicity evaluation using micronucleus assay in fish erythrocytes. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, v. 66, p.391-401, 2007.

[33] UDROIU, I. The micronucleus test in piscine erythrocytes. Aquat. Toxicol, v. 79, p. 201-204, 2006.

[34] WINKLER, L. W. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges v. 21, p.2843-2855, 1888.