On the accumulation of organic matter on the southeastern Brazilian continental shelf: a case study based on a sediment core from the shelf off Rio de Janeiro

Carreira, Renato da Silva; Canuel, Elizabeth A.; Macko, Stephen A.; Lopes, Mariana B.; Luz, Letícia G.; Jasmim, Luciana N.

Abstracts

Sterol and fatty acid biomarkers and isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N) of bulk organic matter (OM) were quantified in a sediment core to characterize the accumulation of autochthonous OM in an area on the continental shelf adjacent to Rio de Janeiro State. In the sediment surface (0-1 cm) the concentration of total sterols and fatty acids was at least one order of magnitude higher than that measured deeper down in the core and was dominated by labile and planktonic-derived biomarker compounds. These results suggest, as is confirmed by multivariate statistical analysis, the occurrence of an event of enhanced primary production in the water column and efficient export of particles to the bottom. Similar conditions have been observed at Cabo Frio, located 150 km to the north of our study site, during an upwelling event, suggesting that such events may exert a regional influence on primary production on the south-eastern Brazilian continental shelf. Beyond the signatures from this event, the presence of biomarker compounds from vascular plants suggests the additional influence of an outflow from Guanabara Bay at the study site. These results point to the need for further investigation of the relative influence of physical forcings and continental inputs on the biogeochemical processes on the section of the continental shelf considered in the present study.

Lipid biomarker; Sediment core; Continental shelf; Rio de Janeiro; Guanabara Bay

Marcadores moleculares na classe de lipídios (esterois, ácidos graxos e hidrocarbonetos) e a composição isotópica (δ13C e δ15N) da matéria orgânica bruta foram quantificados em amostras de um testemunho de sedimento para caracterizar o histórico recente de sedimentação da matéria orgânica na plataforma continental adjacente à Baía de Guanabara, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Na superfície do sedimento (0-1 cm), a concentração total de esterois e ácidos graxos foi cerca de uma ordem de grandeza maior do que observado nas camadas mais profundas do sedimento, com predominância de lipídios derivados da produção planctônica. Esses resultados sugerem, como confirmado através de estatística multi-variada, a ocorrência de um evento de elevada produção primária na coluna d'água e uma exportação rápida e eficiente das partículas para o sedimento. Condições similares são observadas na região de ressurgência de Cabo Frio, localizada cerca de 150 km ao norte da área de estudo. Portanto, nossos resultados sugerem que tais eventos têm uma influência regional sobre a produção primária na margem continental sudeste do Brasil. Por outro lado, a presença de lipídios derivados de plantas vasculares de origem continental ressalta a necessidade de investigar com maior profundidade a influência relativa entre forçantes físicas e o aporte continental sobre processos biogeoquímicos na porção da plataforma continental considerada no presente trabalho.

Lipídios biomarcadores; Testemunho de sedimento; Margem continental; Rio de Janeiro; Baía de Guanabara

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Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
16 May 2012
Date of issue
Mar 2012

History

Received
19 Aug 2011
Accepted
12 Jan 2012
Reviewed
18 Nov 2011

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ARZAYUS, K. M.; CANUEL, E. Organic matter degradation in sediments of the York River estuary: Effects of biological vs. physical mixing. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, v. 69, p. 455-464, 2005.

[2] BOYD, P. W.; TRULL, T. W. Understanding the export of biogenic particles in oceanic waters: Is there consensus? Progr. Oceanog., v. 72, p. 276-312, 2007.

[3] CAI, W-J. Estuarine and coastal ocean carbon paradox: CO₂ sinks or sites of terrestrial carbon incineration? Annu. Rev. mar. Sci, v. 3, p. 123-45, 2011. doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142723

[4] CAMPOS, E. J. D; VELHOTE, D.; SILVEIRA, I. C. A. Shelf break upwelling driven by Brazil Current cyclonic meanders. Gephys. Res. Lett, v. 27, p. 751-754, 2000.

[5] CANUEL, E. A. Relations between river flow, primary production and fatty acid composition of particulate organic matter in San Francisco and Chesapeake Bays: a multivariate approach. Org. Geochem v. 32, p. 563-583, 2001.

[6] CANUEL E. A.; MARTENS, C. S. Seasonal variations in the sources and alteration of organic matter associated with recently-deposited sediments. Org. Geochem., v. 20, p. 563-577, 1993.

[7] CANUEL E. A.; MARTENS, C. S. Reactivity of recently deposited organic matter: degradation of lipid compounds near the sediment-water interface. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, v. 60, p. 1793-1806, 1996.

[8] CARREIRA, R. S; WAGENER, A. L. R.; FILEMAN, T; READMAN, J; M ACKO, S. A. ; VEIGA, A. Changes in sedimentary organic carbon pool of a fertilized tropical estuary, Guanabara Bay, Brazil: an elemental, isotopic and molecular marker approach. Mar. Chem, v. 79, p. 207-227, 2002.

[9] CARREIRA, R. S.; WAGENER, A. L. R.; READMAN, J. W. Sterols as markers of sewage contamination in a tropical urban estuary (Guanabara Bay, Brazil): space-time variations. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., v.60, p. 587-598, 2004.

[10] CHEN, C-TA. Exchanges of carbon in the coastal oceans. In: FIELD, C.B.; RAUPACH, M.R .(Ed.). SCOPE 62 - The Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating humans, climate, and the natural world. Washington/DC: Island Press, 2004. p. 341-351.

[11] DA SILVA, T. F.; AZEVEDO, D. D. A.; NETO, F. R. D. A. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments and waters from Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J. Braz. Chem. Soc, v. 18, p. 628-637, 2007.

[12] DE LEO, F. C.; PIRES-VANIN, A.M.S. Benthic megafauna communities under the influence of the South Atlantic Central Water intrusion onto the Brazilian SE shelf: A comparison between an upwelling and a non-upwelling ecosystem. J. M ar. Syst, v.60, p. 268-284, 2006.

[13] DUAN, Y. Organic geochemistry of recent marine sediments from the Nansha Sea, China. Org. Geochem., v. 31, p.159-167, 2000.

[14] EKAU, W.; KNOPPERS, B. A. An introduction to the pelagic system of the North-East and East Brazilian shelf. Arch. Fish. mar Res, v. 47, p. 113-132,1999.

[15] FASHAM, M.J.R. Ocean biogeochemistry: the role of the ocean carbon cycle in global change. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 2003. 297 p.

[16] FRANCHITO, S. H.; ODA, T. O.; RAO, v. B.; KAYANO, M . T. Interaction between coastal upwelling and local winds at Cabo Frio, Brazil: an observational study. J appl. Meteorol. Climatol, v. 47, p. 1590-1598, 2008.

[17] FRANCIONI, E.; WAGENER, A. L. R.; SCOFIELD, A. L.; DEPLEDGE, M. H.; CAVALIER, B.; SETTE, C. B.; CARVALHOSA, L.; LOZINSKY, C.; MARIATH, R. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in inter-tidal mussel Perna perna: Space-time observations, source investigation and genotoxicity. Sci. total Environment, v. 372, p. 515-531, 2007.

[18] FRANKIGNOULLE, M.; BORGES A. v.European continental shelf as a significant sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. Global biogeochem.Cycles, v.15, p. 569-576, 2001.

[19] GATTUSO J-P.; FRANKIGNOULLE, M.; WOLLAST R. Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems. Annu. Revs ecol. Systems, v.29, p. 405-434

[20] GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ, E.; VALENTIN, J. L; ANDRÉ, D. L.; JACOB, S. A. Upwelling and downwelling at Cabo Frio (Brazil): comparison of biomass and primary production responses. J. Plankt. Res., v.14, p. 289-306, 1992.

[21] GRIFFITH, D. R.; BARNES, R. T.; RAYMOND, P. A. Inputs of fossil carbon from wastewater treatment plants to U.S. rivers and oceans. Environ. Sci. Technol, v. 43, p. 5647-5651, 2009.

[22] GUENTHER, M.; GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ, E.; CARVALHO, W.F.; REZENDE C.E.; MUGRABE, G.; VALENTIN, J.L. Plankton trophic structure and particulate organic carbon production during a coastal downwelling-upwelling cycle. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., .v. 363, p. 109-119, 2008.

[23] GUENTHER, M.; PARANHOS, R.; REZENDE, C. E.; GONZALEZ-RODRIGUES, E.; VALENTIN, J. L. Dynamics of bacterial carbon metabolism at the entrance of a tropical eutrophic bay influenced by tidal oscillation. Aquat. Microb. Ecol ., v. 50, p. 123-133, 2008.

[24] HEDGES, J.I.; KEIL, R.G. Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessment and speculative synthesis. Mar. Chem, v. 49, p. 81-115, 1995.

[25] HEDGES, J. I.; STERN J. H. Carbon and nitrogen determinations of carbonate-containing solids. Limnol Oceanogr., v.29, p. 657-663, 1984.

[26] HINRICHS, K. U.; SCHNEIDER, R. R.; MULLER, P. J.; RULLKOTTER, J. A biomarker perspective on paleoproductivity variations in two Late Quaternary sediment sections from the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. Org. Geochem, v. 30, p. 341-366, 1999.

[27] HOPKINSON JR., C.S.; GIBLI, A.E.; TUCKER, J. Benthic metabolism and nutrient regeneration on the continental shelf of Eastern Massachusetts, USA. Mar.Ecol. Prog Ser ., v. 224, p. 1-19, 2001.

[28] JENG, W-L; HUH C-A. Comparative study of sterols in shelf and slope sediments off northeastern Taiwan. Appl. Geochem, v. 16, p. 95-108, 2001.

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