Tainio et al.,1919 Tainio VM, Savilahti E, Salmenperä L, Arjomaa P, Siimes MA, Perheentupa J. Risk factors for infantile recurrent otitis media: atopy but not type of feeding. Pediatr Res. 1988;23:509-512. 1988 |
Helsinki, Finland |
Prospective cohort |
183 (children healthy at birth) |
Not described. |
Follow-up from birth to 2 years of age. |
Repeated development of cutaneous, respiratory or gastrointestinal signs after ingestion of cow’s milk, and disappearance of these signs while on a diet other than cow’s milk; and oral food challenge test performed at the hospital. |
AOM: otoscopic examination showing loss of translucency and tympanic membrane landmarks, clear inflammation or bulging, lack of mobility, or purulent discharge. |
Seven children had CMPA with cutaneous manifestations during the first year of life. These tended to have otitis media more frequently during the first year when compared to children without CMPA (1.5 + 0.6 vs. 0.4 + 0.1; p< 0.1). Only two of these seven children did not have otitis media during the first year, compared to 145 of the other 176 non-allergic children (p< 0.001). Only one participant with CMPA had ROM. |
ROM: number of isolated episodes of otitis media occurring at the 90th percentile of the entire series of participants during the first 2 years (five episodes), or at the 95th percentile during the second year (four episodes). Isolated episodes were considered when an episode of otitis media occurred 2 months after a previous episode and after a normal otoscopic examination between the episo |
Bhombal et al.,1717 Bhombal S, Bothwell MR, Bauer SM. Prevalence of elevated total IgE and food allergies in a consecutive series of ENT pediatric patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134:578-580. 2006 |
Columbia, USA |
Cross-sectional |
242 (children undergoing otorhinolaryngological procedures) |
Male gender: 140; female gender: 102 |
Age ranged from 5 months to 15 years, with a mean of 4.7 ± 2.9 years. |
Measurement of total and specific IgE antibodies to milk antigens (PharmaciaCAP™ IgE florescence immunoassay). |
The evaluated parameter was the performance of otorhinolaryngological procedures (bilateral myringotomy with tube insertion; bilateral myringotomy with tube insertion + adenoidectomy; adenoidectomy; or bilateral myringotomy with tube insertion + adenoidectomy + tonsillectomy). |
CMPA showed a prevalence of 26 in 242 (10.7%) cases in the studied sample. In participants aged >2 years, the prevalence of CMPA was 12.9%, and in those aged <2 years, 8.5%. |
Arroyave,1616 Arroyave CM. Otitis media recurrente con efusión y alergia a los alimentos en pacientes pediátricos [Recurrent otitis media with effusion and food allergy in pediatric patients] Rev Alerg Mex. 2001;48:141-144. 2001 |
Quéretaro, Mexico |
Cross-sectional |
25 (children with recurrent OME) |
Male gender: 16; female gender: 9 |
Age ranged from 18 months to 6 years, with a mean age of 3 years. |
Positive skin prick test and clinical improvement after withdrawal of the allergen. |
Recurrent OME: evidence of OME lasting more than 3 months or recurrence of OME monthly in the past 6 months. |
The skin prick test was positive for milk in 10 of 25 (40%) cases in the studied sample. |
Ngamphaiboon et al.,1818 Ngamphaiboon J, Chatchatee P, Thongkaew T. Cow’s milk allergy in Thai children. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2008;26:199-204. 2008 |
Bangkok, Thailand |
Cross-sectional |
382 (children with CMPA) |
Male gender: 214; female gender: 168 |
Age ranged from 7 days to 13 years, with a mean age of 14.8 months. |
Significant clinical improvement after elimination of cow’s milk and symptom recurrence after reintroduction of cow’s milk. Laboratory parameters such as skin prick test or serum cow’s milk-specific IgE antibodies were only support parameters. A double-blind placebo-controlled challenge test was performed in some patients. |
Diagnosis of delayed speech due to chronic OME recorded in medical records. |
Delayed speech due to chronic OME was observed in 0.2% of 382 in the studied sample. |