Turkish validity and reliability of Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7

Özgür, Erdoğan; Bilgen, Cem; Özyurt, Beyhan Cengiz

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.05.001

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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Original Articles • Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. 84 (4) • Jul-Aug 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.05.001 copy

Turkish validity and reliability of Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Özgür E, Bilgen C, Cengiz Özyurt B. Turkish validity and reliability of Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;84:435-40.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction

During clinical evaluations, in order to interpret patients' complaints caused by Eustachian tube dysfunction and to monitor the success of the treatment, standardized and disease-related scales are necessary.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7.

Methods

Forty patients diagnosed with Eustachian tube dysfunction and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled for the study. After language validation of the Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7 for Turkish, a scale was completed by the both Eustachian tube dysfunction and control groups. Two weeks after the first evaluation, 15 of the cases filled out the scale again without any treatment intervention. Known-groups method was used in validity analysis. Floor-ceiling effect, test-retest method, item-total score correlation and internal consistency analysis were used in reliability analyses.

Results

Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.714 for the entire questionnaire. The test-retest reliability coefficient for the total scale was determined as 0.792, indicating correlation between the two questionnaires completed by the same patient over time. In the Eustachian tube dysfunction group, total and each item scores were found significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The Turkish version of Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7 was found to be highly valid and reliable. This scale is recommended to use for screening of Eustachian tube dysfunction and evaluating treatment outcome.

KEYWORDS
Eustachian tube; Reliability and validity; Validation studies

Scale items	Mean score ± SD	Ceiling effect (%)	Floor effect (%)	Cronbach alpha if item deleted	Total score correlation^a a Pearson correlation test, all correlations are significant at p < 0.01 level. (r)
Pressure in the ears (Item 1)	4.3 ± 1.7	5.0	17.5	0.688	0.567
Pain in the ears (Item 2)	3.1 ± 1.7	30.0	5.0	0.664	0.651
A feeling that your ears are clogged or "under water" (Item 3)	4.9 ± 1.8	7.5	27.5	0.695	0.547
Ear symptoms when you have a cold or sinusitis (Item 4)	4.2 ± 2.3	25.0	25.0	0.702	0.605
Crackling or popping sounds in the ears (Item 5)	4.1 ± 1.7	10.0	10.0	0.674	0.616
Ringing in the ear (Item 6)	3.5 ± 2.0	22.5	10.0	0.712	0.503
A feeling that your hearing is muffled (Item 7)	4.5 ± 1.9	10.0	22.5	0.617	0.784

Scale item no	r
Item 1 - retest Item 1	0.733^a a Significant correlations at p < 0.01 level.
Item 2 - retest Item 2	0.621^b b Significant correlations at p < 0.05 level.
Item 3 - retest Item 3	0.827^a a Significant correlations at p < 0.01 level.
Item 4 - retest Item 4	0.663^a a Significant correlations at p < 0.01 level.
Item 5 - retest Item 5	0.732^a a Significant correlations at p < 0.01 level.
Item 6 - retest Item 6	0.763^a a Significant correlations at p < 0.01 level.
Item 7 - retest Item 7	0.806^a a Significant correlations at p < 0.01 level.
Test total-retest total	0.792^a a Significant correlations at p < 0.01 level.

Scale item no	Test score (n = 15) Mean ± SD	Retest score (n = 15) Mean ± SD	t	p ^a a Paired sample t test.
Item 1	4.7 ± 1.3	4.4 ± 1.7	1.09	0.29
Item 2	3.6 ± 1.2	3.0 ± 0.9	2.35	0.03
Item 3	5.0 ± 1.9	4.7 ± 1.6	1.16	0.26
Item 4	5.0 ± 2.2	4.8 ± 1.8	0.59	0.56
Item 5	3.6 ± 1.7	3.8 ± 1.5	0.64	0.53
Item 6	3.2 ± 2.0	3.1 ± 1.7	0.38	0.70
Item 7	4.3 ± 1.9	4.2 ± 1.8	0.43	0.67
Total	29.7 ± 6.0	28.1 ± 5.2	1.65	0.12

Scale item no	ETD group score (n = 40) Mean ± SD	Control group score (n = 40) Mean ± SD	t	p ^a a Independent sample t test.
Item 1	4.3 ± 1.7	1.1 ± 0.4	10.9	<0.001
Item 2	3.1 ± 1.7	1.2 ± 0.4	6.4	<0.001
Item 3	4.9 ± 1.8	1.2 ± 0.4	12.7	<0.001
Item 4	4.2 ± 2.3	1.3 ± 0.6	7.3	<0.001
Item 5	4.1 ± 1.7	1.1 ± 0.5	10.3	<0.001
Item 6	3.5 ± 2.0	1.2 ± 0.5	6.7	<0.001
Item 7	4.5 ± 1.9	1.1 ± 0.3	10.7	<0.001
Total	28.7 ± 8.2	8.5 ± 1.7	15.1	<0.001

Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Sede da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico Facial, Av. Indianópolia, 1287, 04063-002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (0xx11) 5053-7500, Fax: (0xx11) 5053-7512 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:drerdoganozgur@gmail.com (E. Özgür).

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Turkish validity and reliability of Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Özgür E, Bilgen C, Cengiz Özyurt B. Turkish validity and reliability of Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;84:435-40.

Abstract

Introduction

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Turkish validity and reliability of Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7^☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Özgür E, Bilgen C, Cengiz Özyurt B. Turkish validity and reliability of Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire-7. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;84:435-40.