Acoustic analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing using Sonar Doppler

Soria, Franciele Savaris; Silva, Roberta Gonçalves da; Furkim, Ana Maria

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.12.001

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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. 82 (1) • Jan-Fev 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.12.001 copy

Acoustic analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing using Sonar Doppler ^{^☆} ☆ Please cite this article as: Soria FS, da Silva RG, Furkim AM. Acoustic analysis of oropharyngeal swallowing using Sonar Doppler. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82:39-46. ^{^☆☆} ☆☆ Institution: Faculdade Assis Gurgacz, Cascavel, PR, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

During the aging process, one of the functions that changes is swallowing. These alterations in oropharyngeal swallowing may be diagnosed by methods that allow both the diagnosis and biofeedback monitoring by the patient. One of the methods recently described in the literature for the evaluation of swallowing is the Sonar Doppler.

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the acoustic parameters of oropharyngeal swallowing between different age groups.

METHODS:

This was a field, quantitative, study. Examination with Sonar Doppler was performed in 75 elderly and 72 non-elderly adult subjects. The following acoustic parameters were established: initial frequency, first peak frequency, second peak frequency; initial intensity, final intensity; and time for the swallowing of saliva, liquid, nectar, honey, and pudding, with 5- and 10-mL free drinks.

RESULTS:

Objective, measurable data were obtained; most acoustic parameters studied between adult and elderly groups with respect to consistency and volume were significant.

CONCLUSION:

When comparing elderly with non-elderly adult subjects, there is a modification of the acoustic pattern of swallowing, regarding both consistency and food bolus volume.

Keywords:
Deglutition; Elderly; Evaluation

Consistency	Elderly group	Adult group	p -value
Dry	350.6 Hz	578.2 Hz	0.0000^a
Liquid – DL	404.8 Hz	567.4 Hz	0.0000^a
Liquid – 5 mL	556.8 Hz	571.5 Hz	0.19610
Liquid – 10 mL	473.1 Hz	684.4 Hz	0.0000^a
Nectar – DL	406.4 Hz	616.7 Hz	0.0000^a
Nectar – 5 mL	566.1 Hz	404.5	0.0000^a
Nectar – 10 mL	489.7 Hz	471.9 Hz	0.1034
Honey – DL	416.4 Hz	603.0 Hz	0.0000^a
Honey – 5 mL	560.1 Hz	587.9 Hz	0.0093^a
Honey – 10 mL	429.1 Hz	384.1 Hz	0.0020^a
Pudding – DL	412.8 Hz	333.0 Hz	0.0000^a
Pudding – 5 mL	569.7 Hz	555.3 Hz	0.1097
Pudding – 10 mL	433.7 Hz	342.3 Hz	0.0000^a

Consistency	Elderly group	Adult group	p -value
Dry	661.9 Hz	509.1 Hz	0.0001^a
Liquid – DL	831.4 Hz	916 Hz	0.0000^a
Liquid – 5 mL	832.3 Hz	887.8 Hz	0.0000^a
Liquid – 10 mL	793.6 Hz	1010.9 Hz	0.0000^a
Nectar – DL	779.8 Hz	833.8 Hz	0.0000^a
Nectar – 5 mL	810.7 Hz	799.0 Hz	0.2416
Nectar – 10 mL	990.1 Hz	1050.2 Hz	0.0001^a
Honey – DL	800.6 Hz	897.1 Hz	0.0000^a
Honey – 5 mL	813.7 Hz	819.5 Hz	0.4761
Honey – 10 mL	890.0 Hz	354.5 Hz	0.0000^a
Pudding – DL	791.8 Hz	802.9 Hz	0.4634
Pudding – 5 mL	828.2 Hz	743.5 Hz	0.0000^a
Pudding – 10 mL	886.0 Hz	891.2 Hz	0.6159

Consistency	Elderly group	Adult group	p -value
Dry	870.1 Hz	1005.5 Hz	0.0000^a
Liquid – DL	1054.9 Hz	1043.9 Hz	0.0697
Liquid – 5 mL	967.8 Hz	1041.7 Hz	0.0000^a
Liquid – 10 mL	977.9 Hz	1078.4 Hz	0.0000^a
Nectar – DL	1042.3 Hz	967.2 Hz	0.0000^a
Nectar – 5 mL	980.9 Hz	978.6 Hz	0.7994
Nectar – 10 mL	1155.4 Hz	1102.8 Hz	0.0000^a
Honey – DL	1045.6 Hz	1062.0 Hz	0.0050^a
Honey – 5 mL	974.6 Hz	966.7 Hz	0.2646
Honey – 10 mL	1087.5 Hz	1045.0 Hz	0.0000^a
Pudding – DL	1046.0 Hz	1032 Hz	0.0191^a
Pudding– 5 mL	976.3 Hz	950.7 Hz	0.0000^a
Pudding – 10 mL	1029.4 Hz	1038.4 Hz	0.0260^a

Consistency	Elderly group	Adult group	p -value
Dry	34.8 dB	52.4 dB	0.0000^a
Liquid – DL	38.6 dB	5.3 dB	0.0000^a
Liquid – 5 mL	43.5 dB	45.5 dB	0.0611
Liquid – 10 mL	48.9 dB	65.3 dB	0.0000^a
Nectar – DL	38.0 dB	29.3 dB	0.0000^a
Nectar – 5 mL	44.0 dB	32.6 dB	0.0000^a
Nectar – 10 mL	36.8 dB	32.4 dB	0.0000^a
Honey – DL	38.1 dB	54.2 dB	0.0000^a
Honey – 5 mL	44.5 dB	40.3 dB	0.0002^a
Honey – 10 mL	41.4 dB	44.1 dB	0.0227^a
Pudding – DL	38.2 dB	38.2 dB	0.8278
Pudding – 5 mL	44.9 dB	42.5 dB	0.1530
Pudding – 10 mL	36.7 dB	36.2 dB	0.7228

Consistency	Elderly group	Adult group	p -value
Dry	73.2 dB	4.7 dB	0.0000^a
Liquid – DL	87.7 dB	2.5 dB	0.0000^a
Liquid – 5 mL	84.1 dB	86.6 dB	0.0068^a
Liquid – 10 mL	36.2 dB	73.0 dB	0.0000^a
Nectar – DL	87.7 dB	73.2 dB	0.0000^a
Nectar – 5 mL	84.0 dB	76.8 dB	0.0000^a
Nectar – 10 mL	43.6 dB	39.1 dB	0.0000^a
Honey – DL	87.9 dB	88.9 dB	0.0340^a
Honey – 5 mL	84.1 dB	75.0 dB	0.0000^a
Honey – 10 mL	40.4 dB	43.9 dB	0.0012^a
Pudding – DL	87.7 dB	76.6 dB	0.0000^a
Pudding – 5 mL	83.9 dB	75.6 dB	0.0000^a
Pudding – 10 mL	31.6 dB	30.4 dB	0.1312

Consistency	Elderly group	Adult group	p -value
Dry	1.7 s	0.2 s	0.0000^a
Liquid – DL	1.5 s	0.3 s	0.0000^a
Liquid – 5 mL	1.4 s	0.2 s	0.0000^a
Liquid – 10 mL	1.7 s	1.6 s	0.0000^a
Nectar – DL	1.5 s	1.2 s	0.0000^a
Nectar – 5 mL	1.4 s	1.3 s	0.0256^a
Nectar – 10 mL	1.7 s	1.5 s	0.0040^a
Honey – DL	1.5 s	1.8 s	0.0000^a
Honey – 5 mL	1.4 s	1.3 s	0.0256^a
Honey – 10 mL	1.7 s	1.4 s	0.0256^a
Pudding – DL	1.7 s	1.5 s	0.0040^a
Pudding – 5 mL	1.4 s	1.3 s	0.0256^a
Pudding – 10 mL	1.6 s	1.4 s	0.0000^a

Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Sede da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico Facial, Av. Indianópolia, 1287, 04063-002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (0xx11) 5053-7500, Fax: (0xx11) 5053-7512 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@aborlccf.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:francisoria@hotmail.com (F.S. Soria).