Comparison of treatment efficacy of omega-3 fish oil and montelukast in ovalbumin-protease-induced allergic rhinitis model in rats

Tabaru, Alper; Ogreden, Sahin; Akyel, Salih; Oktay, Mehmet Faruk; Uslu, Kemal; Emre, Funda Kaya

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101399

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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Sumário

Original article • Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. 90 (3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101399 copy

Comparison of treatment efficacy of omega-3 fish oil and montelukast in ovalbumin-protease-induced allergic rhinitis model in rats

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objectives

Montelukast is a well-known leukotriene receptor antagonist commonly used in treating allergic rhinitis and asthma. Omega-3 fatty acid is also known as an antiallergic and immunomodulator molecule. This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of systemic montelukast and omega-3 fatty acid treatment in allergic rhinitis models in Wistar Hannover rats.

Methods

This research was conducted on 28 healthy Wistar Hannover rats weighing 250-350 g. After establishing the allergic rhinitis model, nasal symptoms were observed and scored, and the nasal mucosa of all rats was investigated histologically. Light microscopy was utilized to evaluate the degree of ciliary loss, goblet cell hyperplasia, vascular congestion, vascular proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, eosinophil infiltration, and hypertrophy in chondrocytes.

Results

As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from the study, it was determined that typical allergic rhinitis symptoms such as nasal scratching and sneezing were significantly reduced in the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 treated group, and these symptoms did not increase after repeated intranasal OVA-protease applications. Histological examinations after fish oil treatment did not reveal typical inflammatory changes in allergic rhinitis. None of the rats in the montelukast and omega-3 groups had any increase in goblet cells, whereas 14.3% of the rats in the control group and 28.6% of the rats in the allergic rhinitis group had mild increase. Last but not least, 71.4% of rats in the allergic rhinitis group had a moderate increase. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p< 0.001).

Conclusion

Regarding the outcomes of this research, it was observed that w-3 fatty acids had antiallergic effects, both histopathological and clinical, in the allergic rhinitis model. We believe that further randomized controlled trials incorporating larger cohorts are warranted to verify the use of omega-3 fatty acids in treating allergic rhinitis.

The level of evidence of this article is Level 2.

Keywords
Allergic rhinitis; Fish oil; Omega-3; Montelukast; Nasal symptoms

Highlights

Omega-3 fatty acid is known as an antiallergic and immunomodulator molecule.

Allergic rhinitis models can be created on experimental animals.

The efficacy of fish oil in the allergic rhinitis model can be evaluated.

Experimental Groups	Number of animals
Group 1 Control Group	7
Group 2 Allergic Rhinitis Control Group	7
Group 3 AR Group given montelukast treatment	7
Group 4 AR Group given omega-3 fatty acid oil	7

Groups	Day 1	Day 14	Day 17	Day 20	Day 23	Day 26	Day 28
Group 1 Control Group	1.27	1.14	1.60	1.56	1.84	2.00	2.00
Group 2 Allergic Rhinitis Control Group	1.27	8.68^a a p< 0.05.	14.28^a a p< 0.05.	17.42^a a p< 0.05.	20.43^a a p< 0.05.	21.20^a a p< 0.05.	22.80^a a p< 0.05.
Group 3 AR Group given montelukast treatment	1.14	8.56^a a p< 0.05.	5.43^a a p< 0.05.	1.84^b b p> 0.05.	1.56^b b p> 0.05.	2.00^b b p> 0.05.	1.70^b b p> 0.05.
Group 4 AR Group given omega-3 fatty acid oil	1.14	8.57^a a p< 0.05.	5.45^a a p< 0.05.	1.86^b b p> 0.05.	1.57^b b p> 0.05.	2.00^b b p> 0.05.	1.74^b b p> 0.05.

Groups	Day 1	Day 14	Day 17	Day 20	Day 23	Day 26	Day 28
Group 1 Control Group	1.28	1.43	2.15	1.44	1.87	1.87	1.87
Group 2 Allergic Rhinitis Control Group	1.00	8.43^a a p< 0.05.	14.41^a a p< 0.05.	18.56^a a p< 0.05.	21.9^a a p< 0.05.	22.68^a a p< 0.05.	23.35^a a p< 0.05.
Group 3 AR Group given montelukast treatment	1.14	9.13^a a p< 0.05.	4.38^a a p< 0.05.	1.58^b b p> 0.05.	1.58^b b p> 0.05.	1.85^b b p> 0.05.	1.41^b b p> 0.05.
Group 4 AR Group given omega-3 fatty acid oil	1.16	9.16^a a p< 0.05.	4.41^a a p< 0.05.	1.63^b b p> 0.05.	1.64^b b p> 0.05.	1.88^b b p> 0.05.	1.45^b b p> 0.05.

			Groups				Total	χ²	p-value
			Control Group	Allergic Rhinitis Group	Montelukast Treatment Group	Omega-3 Treatment Group	Total	χ²	p-value
Eosinophil Infiltration	None	n	7	0	7	6	20	24.800	0.000
	None	%	100	0.0	100	85.7	71.4
	Mild	n	0	3	0	1	4
	Mild	%	0.0	42.9	0.0	14.3	14.3
	Moderate	n	0	4	0	0	4
	Moderate	%	0.0	57.1	0.0	0.0	14.3
Total		n	7	7	7	7	28
Total		%	100	100	100	100.0	100.0

			Groups				Total	χ²	p-value
			Control	Allergic Rhinitis Group	Control	Allergic Rhinitis Group	Total	χ²	p-value
Cili Loss	None	n	7	0	7	7	21	28.000	0.000
	None	%	100	0.0	100	100	75.0
	Mild	n	0	2	0	0	2
	Mild	%	0.0	28.6	0.0	0.0	7.1
	Moderate	n	0	5	0	0	5
	Moderate	%	0.0	71.4	0.0	0.0	17.9
Total		n	7	7	7	7	28
Total		%	100	100	100	100	100.0

			Groups				Total	χ²	p-value
			Control Group	Allergic Rhinitis Group	Montelukast Treatment Group	Omega-3 Treatment Group	Total	χ²	p-value
Goblet Cell Growth	None	n	6	0	7	7	20	25.467	0.000
	None	%	85.7	0.0	100	100	71.4
	Mild	n	1	2	0	0	3
	Mild	%	14.3	28.6	0.0	0.0	10.7
	Moderate	n	0	5	0	0	5
	Moderate	%	0.0	71.4	0.0	0.0	17.9
Total		n	7	7	7	7	28
Total		%	100	100	100	100	100

			Groups				Total	χ²	p-value
			Control Group	Allergic Rhinitis Group	Montelukast Treatment Group	Omega-3 Treatment Group	Total	χ²	p-value
Vascular Proliferation	None	n	5	0	5	4	14	12.857	0.045
	None	%	71.4	0.0	71.4	57.1	50
	Mild	n	2	5	2	3	12
	Mild	%	28.6	71.4	28.6	42.9	42.9
	Moderate	n	0	2	0	0	2
	Moderate	%	0.0	28.6	0.0	0.0	7.1
Total		n	7	7	7	7	28
Total		%	100	100	100	100	100

			Groups				Total	χ²	p-value
			Control Group	Allergic Rhinitis Group	Montelukast Treatment Group	Omega-3 Treatment Group	Total	χ²	p-value
Chondrocyte Hypertrophy	None	n	7	0	6	5	18	19.444	0.003
	None	%	100	0.0	85.7	71.4	64.3
	Mild	n	0	5	1	2	8
	Mild	%	0.0	71.4	14.3	28.6	28.6
	Moderate	n	0	2	0	0	2
	Moderate	%	0.0	28.6	0.0	0.0	7.1
Total		n	7	7	7	7	28
Total		%	100	100	100	100	100

Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Sede da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico Facial, Av. Indianópolia, 1287, 04063-002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (0xx11) 5053-7500, Fax: (0xx11) 5053-7512 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
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[1] ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail:dralpertabaruscience@gmail.com (A. Tabaru)