Influence of medium-translucency monolithic zirconia thicknesses and light-curing time on the polymerization of dual-cure resin cements

Jamel, Raghad S

doi:10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8671336

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Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences

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Original Article • Braz J Oral Sci. 22 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8671336 copy

Influence of medium-translucency monolithic zirconia thicknesses and light-curing time on the polymerization of dual-cure resin cements

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Aim

To investigate and compare the effects of different thicknesses of medium-translucency monolithic zirconia and light curing times on the polymerization of two types of dual-cured resin cement.

Methods

A total of 200 cement specimens were prepared from TheraCem and RelyX U200 cement. The specimens were divided into 5 groups: Group I, without interposing zirconia; Group II, 0.50 mm thickness; Group III, 1.00 mm; Group IV, 1.50 mm; and Group V, 2.00 mm thickness. Each group was subdivided into (1) RelyX U200 and (2) TheraCem. Each subgroup was subdivided according to the light-curing time into (a) 20 s and (b) 40 s (n =5). The polymerization was tested using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and a Vickers microhardness tester. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, an independent sample t-test, and Tukey’s test at a significance level of 0.05.

Results

The control group had the highest values of DC and VMH, followed by 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 mm, respectively, while the 2.00 mm group showed the lowest values. The specimens irradiated for 40 s had greater DC and VMH than those irradiated for 20 s. RelyX U200 revealed higher values for both parameters compared to TheraCem cement.

Conclusion

The polymerization of self-adhesive cement depends on the thickness of the monolithic zirconia, the light curing time, and the composition of the cement. The cement should be irradiated for a longer period than recommended to overcome the light attenuation of zirconia. TEGDMA-based self-adhesive cement showed a higher DC and VMH than BISGMA-based cement.

Zirconium; Resin cements; Polymerization

Materials	Type	Manufacturer	Composition
IPS e.max ZirCAD (MT)	Monolithic zirconia	Ivoclar Vivadent Schaan, Liechtenstein	86.0 – 93.5% Zirconium oxide (ZrO2), > 6.5 % – ≤ 8.0 % Yttrium oxide (Y2O3 ), ≤ 5.0% Hafnium oxide (HfO2 ), ≤ 1.0% Aluminium oxide (Al2O3 ), ≤ 1.0% Other oxides.
RelyX U200	Dual-cured self-adhesive resin cement	3M ESPE; Seefeld, Germany	Base: Methacrylate monomers with the phosphoric acid group, Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), Silanated filler, Initiators, and stabilizers. Catalyst: Methacrylate monomers, Silanated fillers, Alkaline fillers, Initiators, Pigments. Filler content: 72 wt.%.
TheraCem	Dual-cured, self-adhesive resin cement	BISCO, Schaumburg, U.S.A.	Base: calcium base filler, glass filler, bisphenol glycidyl dimethacrylate (BISGMA), fluoride components, amorphous silica, and initiators Catalyst: Methacryloyloxydecyl Dihydrogen Phosphate (MDP), glass fillers. Filler content: 60-65 wt.%.

Resin Cement	Zirconia Thickness (mm)	Time

		20 s Mean ± SD	40 s Mean ± SD
RelyX U200	0.00 mm	68.8 a ± 0.45	73.4 A ± 0.44
	0.50 mm	65.5 b ± 0.85	70.6 B ± 1.24
	1.00 mm	62.4 c ± 1.41	67.9 C ± 2.18
	1.50 mm	58.6 d ± 0.50	63.1 D ± 1.59
	2.00 mm	54.0 e ± 2.27	58.6 E ± 0.82
TheraCem	0.00 mm	65.0 a ± 1.98	68.7 A ± 0.70
	0.50 mm	62.1 b ± 0.97	66.3 B ± 1.61
	1.00 mm	59.1 c ± 1.57	62.7 C ± 2.37
	1.50 mm	53.6 d ± 0.80	58.2 D ± 0.97
	2.00 mm	50.1 e ± 2.41	55.7 E ± 1.06

Resin Cement	Zirconia Thickness (mm)	Time

		20 s Mean ± SD	40 s Mean ± SD
RelyX U200	0.00 mm	70.7 a ± 1.05	75.0 A ± 1.34
	0.50 mm	65.2 b ± 1.08	69.7 B ± 0.90
	1.00 mm	62.1 c ± 1.31	65.5 C ± 1.32
	1.50 mm	59.1 d ± 1.10	64.8 D ± 1.08
	2.00 mm	53.5 e ± 1.34	60.7 E ± 2.87
TheraCem	0.00 mm	52.1 a ± 1.22	57.3 A ± 0.83
	0.50 mm	48.6 b ± 1.55	54.3 B ±1.21
	1.00 mm	44.7 c ±1.14	51.2 C ±1.06
	1.50 mm	41.7 d ± 1.13	46.0 D ± 0.99
	2.00 mm	38.4 e ± 0.99	42.3 E ± 1.12

Resin Cement	Zirconia Thickness (mm)	t-test	df	SE	P-value
RelyX U200	0.00 mm	16.016	8	0.28	0.000**
	0.50 mm	7.575	8	0.67	0.000**
	1.00 mm	4.721	8	1.16	0.002**
	1.50 mm	5.897	8	0.74	0.002**
	2.00 mm	4.285	8	1.08	0.008**
TheraCem	0.00 mm	4.025	8	0.94	0.010**
	0.50 mm	4.996	8	0.84	0.002**
	1.00 mm	2.834	8	1.27	0.025*
	1.50 mm	8.193	8	0.56	0.000**
	2.00 mm	4.766	8	1.17	0.004**

Resin Cement	Zirconia Thickness (mm)	t-test	Df	SE	P-value
RelyX U200	0.00 mm	5.684	8	0.76	0.001**
	0.50 mm	7.188	8	0.63	0.000**
	1.00 mm	4.097	8	0.83	0.003**
	1.50 mm	8.217	8	0.69	0.000**
	2.00 mm	5.054	8	1.42	0.003**
TheraCem	0.00 mm	7.919	8	0.66	0.000**
	0.50 mm	6.425	8	0.88	0.000**
	1.00 mm	9.315	8	0.69	0.000**
	1.50 mm	6.279	8	0.67	0000**
	2.00 mm	5.859	8	0.67	0.001**

Time	Zirconia Thickness (mm)	t-test	Df	SE	P-value
20 s	0.00 mm	4.19	8	0.91	0.011**
	0.50 mm	5.83	8	0.57	0.000**
	1.00 mm	3.47	8	0.95	0.008**
	1.50 mm	11.87	8	0.42	0.000**
	2.00 mm	2.64	8	1.48	0.029*
40 s	0.00 mm	12.39	8	0.37	0.000**
	0.50 mm	4.71	8	0.91	0.002**
	1.00 mm	3.59	8	1.44	0.007**
	1.50 mm	5.73	8	0.83	0.000**
	2.00 mm	4.85	8	0.60	0.002**

Time	Zirconia Thickness (mm)	t-test	Df	SE
20 s	0.00 mm	25.76	8	0.72
	0.50 mm	19.62	8	0.84
	1.00 mm	22.24	8	0.78
	1.50 mm	24.48	8	0.71
	2.00 mm	20.31	8	0.74
40 s	0.00 mm	25.03	8	0.70
	0.50 mm	22.75	8	0.67
	1.00 mm	18.80	8	0.75
	1.50 mm	28.61	8	0.65
	2.00 mm	13.34	8	1.37

Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba - UNICAMP Avenida Limeira, 901, cep: 13414-903, Piracicaba - São Paulo / Brasil, Tel: +55 (19) 2106-5200 - Piracicaba - SP - Brazil
E-mail: brjorals@unicamp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Raghad S. Jamel Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Iraq RaghadSabah@uomosul.edu.iq Tel 009647740895662