Koes et al. (1997) |
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases |
Low back pain |
RCT |
26 |
NSAIDs |
Yes |
Yes |
– |
8 |
Moore et al. (1998) |
British Medical Journal |
Acute and chronic pain |
RCT |
86 |
Topical NSAIDs |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
10 |
Edwards et al. (1999) |
Pain |
Postoperative pain |
RCT |
72 |
Acetylsalicylic acid |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
8 |
Van Tulder et al. (2003) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Low back pain |
RCT |
30 |
Carisoprodol; chlorzoxazone; orphenadrine |
Yes |
Yes |
– |
9 |
Bjordal et al. (2004) |
British Medical Journal |
Osteoarthritic knee pain |
RCT |
23 |
NSAIDs |
Yes |
Yes (short- term use) |
– |
8 |
Mason et al. (2004a) |
British Medical Journal |
Acute and chronic pain |
RCT |
12 |
Topical rubefacients (salicylates) |
Yes |
Yes (acute pain) |
Yes |
9 |
Mason et al. (2004b) |
BioMed Central Family Practice |
Acute pain |
RCT |
36 |
Topical NSAIDs |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
9 |
Richy et al. (2007) |
International Journal of Clinical Practice |
Rheumatoid arthritis (outcome pain) |
RCT |
14 |
Flurbiprofen |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
10 |
Toms et al. (2008) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Postoperative pain |
RCT |
51 |
Paracetamol |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
9 |
Derry C. et al. (2009a) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Postoperative pain |
RCT |
15 |
Naproxen |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
9 |
Derry C. et al. (2009b) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Postoperative pain |
RCT |
72 |
Ibuprofen |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
9 |
Derry P. et al. (2009) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Postoperative pain |
RCT |
15 |
Diclofenac |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
9 |
Matthews et al. (2009) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Acute and chronic pain |
RCT |
16 |
Topical rubefacients (salicylates) |
Yes |
No evidence |
Yes |
9 |
Massey et al. (2010) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Acute pain |
RCT |
47 |
Topical NSAIDs |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
10 |
Moll et al. (2011) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Postoperative pain |
RCT |
4 |
Mefenamic acid |
Yes |
Yes |
– |
9 |
Derry, Moore (2012) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Postoperative pain |
RCT |
68 |
Acetylsalicylic acid |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
9 |
Derry S. et al. (2012a) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Chronic musculoskeletal pain |
RCT |
34 |
Topical NSAIDs |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
9 |
Oldman et al. (2002) |
Pain |
Migraine headaches |
RCT |
48 |
Sumatriptan; acetylsalicylic acid + metoclopramide; naratriptan |
Yes |
Yes |
– |
8 |
Suthisisang et al. (2007) |
The Annals of Pharmacotherapy |
Migraine headaches |
RCT |
13 |
Ibuprofen |
Yes |
Yes |
– |
10 |
Derry S. et al. (2010) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Migraine headaches |
RCT |
10 |
Paracetamol with or without antiemetic |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
9 |
Kirthi et al. (2010) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Migraine headaches |
RCT |
13 |
Acetylsalicylic acid with or without antiemetic |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
9 |
Rabbie et al. (2010) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Migraine headaches |
RCT |
9 |
Ibuprofen with or without antiemetic |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
9 |
Derry C. et al. (2012) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Migraine headaches |
RCT |
61 |
Sumatriptan |
Yes |
Yes |
No |
9 |
Derry S. et al. (2012b) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Migraine headaches |
RCT |
5 |
Diclofenac with or without antiemetic |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
9 |
Hughes et al. (2003) |
Tobacco Control |
Quit smoking |
RCT; quasi-experimental trial |
7 |
NRT |
Yes |
Yes |
– |
8 |
Etter, Stapleton (2006) |
Tobacco Control |
Quit smoking |
RCT |
12 |
NRT |
Yes |
Yes |
– |
9 |
Walsh (2008) |
Drug and Alcohol Review |
Quit smoking |
RCT; observational studies |
12 |
NRT |
No |
No |
– |
7 |
Hughes et al. (2011) |
Nicotine & Tobacco Research |
Quit smoking |
Observational studies |
18 |
NRT |
No |
Inconclusive |
– |
7 |
Stead et al. (2012) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Quit smoking |
RCT; quasi-experimental trial |
150 |
NRT |
Yes |
Yes |
– |
10 |
Schroeder, Fahey (2002a) |
British Medical Journal |
Cough in adults |
RCT |
15 |
Antitussives; expectorants; mucolytics; antihistaminedecongestant combinations; other drug combinations |
No |
Inconclusive |
– |
9 |
Schroeder, Fahey (2002b) |
Archives of Disease in Childhood |
Cough in children |
RCT |
6 |
Antitussives; expectorants; mucolytics; antihistaminedecongestant combinations; other drug combinations |
No |
No |
– |
8 |
Chang et al. (2012) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Cough in adults and children |
RCT |
4 |
Antitussives; mucolytics |
Yes |
Inconclusive |
– |
10 |
Smith et al. (2012) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Cough in adults and children |
RCT |
26 |
Antitussives; expectorants; mucolytics; antihistaminedecongestant combinations; other drug combinations |
No |
Inconclusive |
– |
9 |
Kollar et al. (2007) |
Clinical Therapeutics |
Alleviating nasal symptoms of common cold |
RCT |
8 |
Phenylephrine |
Yes |
Yes |
– |
6 |
De Sutter, et al. (2009) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Alleviating nasal symptoms of common cold |
RCT |
32 |
Antihistamines |
Yes |
No |
No |
9 |
Taverner & Latte (2009) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Alleviating nasal symptoms of common cold |
RCT |
7 |
Nasal decongestants (oral and topical) |
Yes |
Yes (adults) No evidence (children) |
Yes |
9 |
De Sutter et al. (2012) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Alleviating symptoms of common cold |
RCT |
27 |
Oral antihistamine-decongestant-analgesic combinations |
Yes |
Yes (adults) No evidence (children) |
– |
10 |
Purssell (2002) |
British Journal of Community Nursing |
Fever in children |
RCT |
8 |
Ibuprofen; paracetamol |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
8 |
Perrott et al. (2004) |
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine |
Fever or pain in children |
RCT |
17 |
Ibuprofen; paracetamol |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
8 |
Meremikwu, Oyo-Ita (2009) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Fever in children |
RCT; quasi-experimental trial |
12 |
Paracetamol |
Yes |
Inconclusive |
– |
9 |
Southey et al. (2009) |
Current Medical Research and Opinion |
Fever or pain in children |
RCT; observational studies |
36 |
Ibuprofen; paracetamol |
Yes |
– |
Yes |
7 |
Tramonte et al. (1997) |
Journal of General Internal Medicine |
Chronic constipation |
RCT |
36 |
Bulk-producing agents; irritants or stimulants; osmotically active agents; surfactants |
No |
Yes |
- |
7 |
Petticrew et al. (1999) |
British Journal of General Practice |
Chronic constipation in elderly |
RCT |
19 |
Bulk-producing agents; irritants or stimulants; osmotically active agents; surfactants |
No |
No evidence |
- |
7 |
Hurdon et al. (2000) |
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management |
Chronic constipation |
RCT |
4 |
Docusate |
No |
No evidence |
- |
8 |
Jones et al. (2002) |
Digestive Diseases and Sciences |
Chronic constipation |
RCT |
11 |
Bulk-producing agents; irritants or stimulants; osmotically active agents; surfactants |
Yes |
Inconclusive |
- |
7 |
Hart et al. (1999) |
British Medical Journal |
Fungal infections of the skin and nails of the feet |
RCT |
67 |
Topical antifungal |
Yes |
Yes |
- |
8 |
Crawford, Hollis (2007) |
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |
Fungal infections of the skin and nails of the feet |
RCT |
67 |
Topical antifungal |
Yes |
Yes |
- |
10 |
Tran et al. (2007) |
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics |
Dyspepsia |
RCT |
14 |
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists; alginates; antacids |
Yes |
Yes |
- |
9 |
Jenkins et al. (2004) |
British Medical Journal |
Induction of asthma |
RCT |
21 |
Acetylsalicylic acid |
No |
- |
No |
8 |