Obesity and dyslipidemia |
Isolated xanthohumol supplemented in food for 12 days at concentrations of 30 and 60mg/kg/day |
Decreasing dose-dependent effect of weight gain, plasma LDL and IL-6 concentration in mice (Miranda et al. , 2016 Miranda CL, Elias VD, Hay JJ, Choi J, Reed RL, Stevens JF. Xanthohumol improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2016; 599: 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.008 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.00...
) Decreased hepatic weight gain, plasma triglycerides and increased fecal excretion in mice (Yui, Kiyofuji, Osada, 2014 Yui K, Kiyofuji A, Osada K. Effects of xanthohumol-rich extract from the hop on fatty acid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Oleo Sci. 2014; 63: 159–68. https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS.ESS13136 . https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS.ESS13136...
) |
Obesity and dyslipidemia |
Isolated xanthohumol supplemented at 0.05% in an atherosclerotic diet |
Reduction of cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic regions by inhibiting esterified cholesterol transfer protein in mice (Hirata et al. , 2012 Hirata H, Yimin, Segawa S, Ozaki M, Kobayashi N, Shigyo T, et al. Xanthohumol prevents atherosclerosis by reducing arterial cholesterol content via CETP and apolipoprotein E in CETP-transgenic mice. PLoS One. 2012; 7. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0049415 . https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.004...
) |
Obesity and dyslipidemia |
Isolated xanthohumol |
Inhibitor of adipogenesis and induction of lipolysis partially via AMP-activated protein kinase (Samuels, Shashidharamurthy, Rayalam, 2018 Samuels JS, Shashidharamurthy R, Rayalam S. Novel anti-obesity effects of beer hops compound xanthohumol: role of AMPK signaling pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2018; 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12986-018-0277-8 . https://doi.org/10.1186/S12986-018-0277-...
). |
Diabetes and dyslipidemia |
Xanthohumol 10mg/L + 8-prenylnaringenin 10mg/L |
Reduced fat accumulation, increased insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and improved lipid profile over control (Costa et al. , 2017 Costa R, Rodrigues I, Guardão L, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Silva C, Magalhães J, et al. Xanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin ameliorate diabetic-related metabolic dysfunctions in mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2017; 45: 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2017.03.006 . https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2017.0...
) |
Obesity and dyslipidemia |
Extract derived from brewer's wort production residue (humolinones and iso-humolinones) |
Secretion of the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin in vitro (Yamazaki et al. , 2019) and fat reduction in a double-blind clinical study (Morimoto-Kobayashi et al. , 2016) |
Obesity and type II diabetes |
Tetra-iso-alpha-acids with different chemical substitutions supplemented in the diet |
Reduction in weight gain, normalization of insulin sensitivity markers, increase in plasma concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduction in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice (Everard et al. , 2012) |
Obesity and diabetes |
Different fractions of aqueous extract of hops supplemented in the diet at 2 and 5% |
Reduction in adipose tissue gain, adipocyte diameter and decreased glucose tolerance (Sumiyoshi, Kimura, 2013 Sumiyoshi M, Kimura Y. Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extract inhibits obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet over the long term. Br J Nutr. 2013; 109: 162–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451200061X . https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451200061...
). |
Alzheimer's disease/neuroprotection |
Isolated xanthohumol supplemented in food |
Reduction of pro-inflammatory molecules in nervous tissue (Rancán et al. , 2017 Rancán L, Paredes SD, García I, Muñoz P, García C, López de Hontanar G, et al. Protective effect of xanthohumol against age-related brain damage. J Nutr Biochem. 2017; 49: 133–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2017.07.011 . https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2017.0...
) |
Stroke/neuroprotection |
Isolated xanthohumol in peritoneal application 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg |
Reduction of infarct size in induced ischemic stroke in treated groups (Yen et al. , 2012 Yen TL, Hsu CK, Lu WJ, Hsieh CY, Hsiao G, Chou DS, et al. Neuroprotective effects of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus), in ischemic stroke of rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2012; 60: 1937–44. https://doi.org/10.1021/JF204909P . https://doi.org/10.1021/JF204909P...
). |
Alzheimer's disease/neuroprotection |
Xanthohumol in vitro |
Reduction of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and chemoprotective effect against the development of Alzheimer's disease (Huang et al. , 2018). |
Hepatoprotection |
Xanthohumol supplemented in diet 1 mg/kg/day |
Inflammation modulation and liver protector (Fernández-García et al. , 2019 Fernández-García C, Rancan L, Paredes SD, Montero C, de la Fuente M, Vara E, et al. Xanthohumol exerts protective effects in liver alterations associated with aging. Eur J Nutr. 2019; 58: 653–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00394-018-1657-6 . https://doi.org/10.1007/S00394-018-1657-...
). |
Obesity-induced dementia |
Iso-Alpha Acid Extract in diet |
Reduction of neuronal loss and hippocampus atrophy (Ayabe et al. , 2018 Ayabe T, Ohya R, Kondo K, Ano Y. Iso-α-acids, bitter components of beer, prevent obesity-induced cognitive decline. Sci Rep. 2018; 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-018-23213-9 . https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-018-23213...
) Reduced inflammation in the hippocampus and improved brain activity (Ano et al. , 2019 Ano Y, Yoshikawa M, Takaichi Y, Michikawa M, Uchida K, Nakayama H, et al. Iso-α-acids, bitter components in beer, suppress inflammatory responses and attenuate neural hyperactivation in the hippocampus. Front Pharmacol. 2019; 10: 81. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHAR.2019.00081/BIBTEX . https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHAR.2019.00081...
). |
Obesity-induced dementia |
Extract derived from brewer's wort production residue (humolinones and iso-humolinones). |
Improved verbal fluency and less mental fatigue than placebo in double-blind clinical trial (Fukuda et al. , 2020). |
Anticancer |
Isolated xanthohumol |
Cytotoxicity and inhibition of proliferation in breast cancer cells (Kim; Lee; Moon, 2013). NF-kB inhibitor. Angiogenesis inhibition in pancreatic cancer (Saito et al. , 2018 Saito K, Matsuo Y, Imafuji H, Okubo T, Maeda Y, Sato T, et al. Xanthohumol inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing nuclear factor-κB activation in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci. 2018; 109: 132–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/CAS.13441 . https://doi.org/10.1111/CAS.13441...
). |
Antiviral |
Xanthohumol in peritoneal application |
Reduction of liver damage and reduction of steatosis and fibrosis caused by hepatitis C virus (Yang et al. , 2013 Yang M, Li N, Li F, Zhu Q, Liu X, Han Q, et al. Xanthohumol, a main prenylated chalcone from hops, reduces liver damage and modulates oxidative reaction and apoptosis in hepatitis C virus infected Tupaia belangeri. Int Immunopharmacol. 2013; 16: 466–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INTIMP.2013.04.029 . https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INTIMP.2013.04...
) |
Antiviral |
Xanthohumol |
Hepatitis C virus replication inhibition (Lou et al. , 2014 Lou S, Zheng YM, Liu SL, Qiu J, Han Q, Li N, et al. Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication in vitro by xanthohumol, a natural product present in hops. Planta Med. 2014; 80: 171–6. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0033-1360172 . https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0033-1360172...
) and protease inhibition related to coronavirus replication (Lin et al. , 2021 Lin Y, Zang R, Ma Y, Wang Z, Li L, Ding S, et al. Xanthohumol Is a Potent Pan-Inhibitor of Coronaviruses Targeting Main Protease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, Vol 22, Page 12134 2021; 22: 12134. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS222212134 . https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS222212134...
). |
Antibiotic |
Xanthohumol |
MIC and MIB similar to metronidazole in Clostridium difficile isolated from patients with nosocomial diarrhea (Cermak et al. , 2017 Cermak P, Olsovska J, Mikyska A, Dusek M, Kadleckova Z, Vanicek J, et al. Strong antimicrobial activity of xanthohumol and other derivatives from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) on gut anaerobic bacteria. APMIS. 2017; 125: 1033–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.12747 . https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.12747...
) |
Antibiotic |
Commercial extract of supercritical CO2, lupulone and xanthohumol. |
Inhibition and reduction of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci biofilm formation (Bogdanova et al. , 2018b). |
Antibiotic |
Hop alcoholic extract |
Inhibition and reduction of biofilm formation in gram-positive bacteria related to antibiotic-resistant skin infections (Di Lodovico et al. , 2020 di Lodovico S, Menghini L, Ferrante C, Recchia E, Castro-Amorim J, Gameiro P, et al. Hop Extract: An Efficacious Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Agent Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococci Strains and Cutibacterium acnes. Front Microbiol. 2020; 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01852 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01852...
). |
Antibiotic |
Hydroalcoholic extract of hop cones, leaves, stems and rhizomes further purified to concentrate xanthohumol, lupulone and deoxyxanthohumol |
Antibiotic effect against Leishmania mexicana , Trypanosoma brucei and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (Bocquet et al. , 2019 Bocquet L, Sahpaz S, Bonneau N, Beaufay C, Mahieux S, Samaillie J, et al. Phenolic Compounds from Humulus lupulus as Natural Antimicrobial Products: New Weapons in the Fight against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei Strains. Molecules. 2019, Vol 24, Page 1024 2019; 24: 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES24061024 . https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES2406102...
). |
Antioxidant |
Extrato feito por partição hexano e metanol. |
Fraction of hexane rich in alpha and beta acids inhibited lipid peroxidation (Kontek et al. , 2021 Kontek B, Jedrejek D, Oleszek W, Olas B. Antiradical and antioxidant activity in vitro of hops-derived extracts rich in bitter acids and xanthohumol. Ind Crops Prod. 2021; 161: 113208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113208 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.1...
). |
Control of disease vectors |
Essential oil extract |
Toxic for mosquitoes and molluscs vectors of diseases (Bedini et al. , 2016). |