National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Intramural Research Program and the Johns Hopkins Bayview Clinical Research Unit |
Randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled study |
Investigate the effects of Cannabis by different routes on appetitive and metabolic hormones |
Healthy adult Cannabis in several presentations |
20 |
Cannabis use modulated blood concentrations of some appetitive and metabolic hormones, chiefly insulin |
Farokhnia et al., 2020Farokhnia M, McDiamid GR, Newmeyer MN, Munjal V, Abulseoud OA, Huestis MA, et al. Effects of oral, smoked, and vaporized cannabis on endocrine pathways relates to appetite and metabolism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, human laboratory study. Translational Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):71.
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National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2016 |
Prospective analysis (population survey) |
Examine the association of marijuana use with insulin resistance |
Adults with different body mass index (BMI) status. |
129 509 |
Marijuana use reduces fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in obese but not non-obese adults, independent of the time of use. |
Ngueta, Ndjaboue, 2020Ngueta G, Ndjabouse R. Lifetime marijuana use in relation to insulin resistance in lean, overweight, and obese US adults. J Diabetes. 2020;12(1):38-47.
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National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2016 |
Prospective analysis (population survey) |
Explore the association of marijuana use with mean plasma fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR |
Obese adults with different HOMA-IR. |
65 209 |
Marijuana use reduced fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR score in US obese adults with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.13, but not in those with HOMA-IR < 2.13 or ≥ 5.72. The impact of Cannabis use is more significant after long-term exposure and is independent of BMI. |
Ngueta, 2020Ngueta G. Impact of lifetime marijuana use on fasting plasma insulin levels and HOMA-IR score in obese adults with and without insulin resistance. Acta Diabetol. 2020;57(2):133-140.
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Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) and Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), |
Prospective analysis (population survey) |
Determine whether the self-reported frequency of marijuana use is associated with incident T2D |
Women and men with and at risk for HIV |
6260 |
Reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in marijuana users compared to none users, although all associations were not statistically significant. The results were similar for HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants. |
Okafor et al., 2020Okafor CN, Plankey MW, Goodman-Meza D, Li M, Bautista KJ, Bolivar H, et al. Association between self-reported marijuana use and incident diabetes in women and men with at risk for HIV. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;209(4):107935.
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Longitudinal study (R01 DA031176, PI: Gonzalez) |
Prospective analysis from a longitudinal study |
Examine the associations between Cannabis use and BMI |
Adolescents ages 14-17 at risk for escalation in Cannabis use |
401 |
Negative association between Cannabis use and BMI. |
Ross et al., 2020Ross JM, Pacheco-Colón I, Haws SW, Gonzalez R. Bidirectional longitudinal associations between Cannabis use and body mass index among adolescents. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res . 2020;5(1):81-88.. |
Cannabis Eating Experience Questionnaire (CEEQ) |
Online survey |
Analyze appetite- and eating-related aspects of Cannabis self-administration |
Adults from UK, Netherlands, and USA |
798 |
Cannabis influences both the motivational factors that lead to the initiation of eating and the hedonic factors implicated in encouraging and maintaining eating. |
Roberts et al., 2019Roberts CA, Jager G, Christiansen P, Kirkham TC. Exploring the munchies: An online survey of users’ experiences of cannabis effects on appetite and the development of a Cannabinoid Eating Experience Questionnaire. J Psychopharmacol. 2019;33(7):1149-1159.
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US-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study |
Prospective analysis (population survey) |
Examine Cannabis-attributable immunomodulation |
Young adults |
5115 |
Cannabis use was not associated with any of the biomarkers studied. Former Cannabis use was inversely associated with fibrinogen levels, whereas the associations were weaker for serum CRP and IL-6. |
Alshaarawy et al., 2019Alshaarawy O, Sidney S, Auer R, Green D, Soliman EZ, Goff, DC, et al. Cannabis use and markers of systemic inflammation: The coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Am J Med. 2019;132(11):1327-1334.e1.
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National Inpatient Sample 2009-2010 database using the Ninth Revision of International Classification of Disease code 304.3. |
Prospective analysis (population survey) |
Examine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and events amongst patients with Cannabis use |
Patients aged 18-55 years |
316 397 |
Cannabis users increased the prevalence of most risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, tobacco use, and alcohol use, although diabetes mellitus was more frequently observed in non-cannabis users. Hyperlipidemia rates were similar between both groups. |
Kalla et al., 2018Kalla A, Krishnamoorthy PM, Gopalakrishnan A, Figueredo VM. Cannabis use predicts risks of heart failure and cerebrovascular accidents: results from the National Inpatient Sample. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2018;19(9):480-484.
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US-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study |
Prospective analysis (population survey) |
Determine the association between lifetime exposure to Cannabis and subclinical atherosclerosis in mid-life. |
Young adults |
3498 |
Cumulative marijuana use was not associated with measures of atherosclerosis among middle-aged adults never exposed to tobacco. Still, a trend to increase the risk of atherosclerosis with very high exposure to Cannabis was observed. |
Auer et al., 2017Auer R, Sidney S, Goff D, Vittinghoff E, Pletcher MJ, Allen NB, et al. Lifetime marijuana use and subclinical atherosclerosis: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Addiction. 2017;113(5):845-856.
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Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) |
Randomized, double-blind, crossover study |
Determine that the stimulation of the endocannabinoid system due to Nabilone regulates incretin secretion. |
Healthy men of 21- to 55-year-olds Nabilone (THC analog) |
20 lean, 20 obese |
Nabilone induced a highly significant elevation (80%) in post-dose fasting GIP levels. Post-dose fasting insulin levels were elevated. Elevated GIP levels in obesity were observed as a consequence of increased endocannabinoid levels by Nabilone. |
Chia et al., 2017Chia ChW, Carlson OD, Liu D, González-Mariscal I, Calvo SSC, Egan JM. Incretin secretion in humans is under influence of cannabinoid receptors. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2017;313(3):E359-E366.
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National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2010 |
Prospective analysis (population survey) |
Explore the relationship of Cannabis use with MetS |
Users of 20- to 59-year-olds |
8478 |
A specific association with the minor probability of suffer MetS in Cannabis users of 20-30 and 45-59 years old was observed. |
Vidot et al., 2016Vidot DC, Prado G, Hlaing WWM, Florez HJ, Arheart KL, Messiah S. Metabolic syndrome among marijuana users in the United States: An analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Am J Med . 2016;129(2):173-179.
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