C. albicans
|
1-12 mg/ml |
Brazilian green |
In vitro |
Saliva of patients with dentures |
Ota et al., 2001Ota C, Unterkircher C, Fantinato V, Shimizu MT. Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida. Mycoses. 2001;44(9-10):375-378.
|
C. tropicalis
|
1-12 mg/ml |
|
|
|
|
C. glabrata
|
1-12 mg/ml |
|
|
|
|
C. crusei
|
1-12 mg/ml |
|
|
|
|
C. quilliermondii
|
1-12 mg/ml |
|
|
|
|
Candida spp. |
20% |
Brazilian green |
In vivo |
Isolates from patients with denture stomatitis |
Santos et al., 2005Santos VR, Pimenta FJGS, Aguiar MCF, Do Carmo MAV, Naves MD, Mesquita RA. Oral candidiasis treatment with Brazilian ethanol propolis extract. Phytother Res. 2005;19(7):652-654.
|
C. albicans
|
EEP with a total phenol content of 550.30 μg/ml |
Brazilian green |
In vitro |
Isolates from patients with vulvovaginal candidiosis |
Dalben-Dota et al., 2011Dalben-Dota KF, Consolaro MEL, Svidzinski TIE, Bruschi ML. Antifungal Activity of Brazilian propolis microparticles against yeasts isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Volume 2011, Article ID 201953, 8 pages.
|
C. glabrata
|
EEP with a total phenol content of 550.30 μg/ml |
|
|
|
|
C. parapsilosis
|
EEP with a total phenol content of 550.30 μg/ml |
|
|
|
|
C. quilliermondii
|
1.56 mg/ml |
|
|
|
|
C. albicans
|
32-64 µg/ml |
Brazilian red |
In vitro |
Isolates from patients with chronic periodontitis |
Siqueira et al., 2015Siqueira ABS, de Araújo Rodriquez LRN, Santos RKB, Marinho RRB, Sheila Abreu S, Peixoto RF, et al. Antifungal activity of propolis against Candida species isolated from cases of chronic periodontitis. Braz Oral Res . 2015;29(1):1-6.
|
C. tropicalis
|
32-64 µg/ml |
|
|
|
|
C. glabrata
|
64 µg/ml |
|
|
|
|
C. albicans
|
0.23-15 mg/ml |
Romanian |
In vitro |
Tracheal secretions of patients with respiratory tract infection |
Stan et al., 2017Stan T, Teodor ED, Gatea F, Chifiriuc MC, Lazar V. Antioxidant and antifungal activity of Romanian propolis. Roman Biotechnol Lett. 2017;22(6):13116-13124.
|
C. albicans
|
0.006-0.5 µg/ml |
Turkish |
In vitro |
blood isolates |
Sariguzel et al., 2016Sariguzel FM, Berk E, Koc AN, Sav H, Demir G. Antifungal activity of propolis against yeasts isolated from blood culture: in vitro evaluation. J Clin Lab Anal. 2016;30(5):513-516
|
C. albicans
|
200 mg/ml |
Yemen |
In vitro |
Throat swabs of patients with upper respiratory infections |
El-Shouny et al., 2012El-Shouny W, Muagam F, Sadik Z, Hamza W. Antimicrobial activity of propolis extract on URT infections in pediatric patients admitted to Al-Thowrah Hospital, Hodeidah City, Yemen. World J Med Sci. 2012;7(3):172-177.
|
C. albicans
|
1.56 mg/ml |
Malaysian |
In vitro |
Isolates from patients with respiratory infections |
Shehu et al., 2006Shehu A, Ismail S, Rohin MAK, Harun A, Aziz AA, Haque M. Antifungal properties of Malaysian Tualang honey and stingless bee propolis against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2006;6(02):044-050.
|
C. neoformans
|
1.56 mg/ml |
|
|
|
|
C. albicans
|
1.56 mg/ml |
Korean |
In vitro |
Clinical isolates |
Chee, 2002Chee HY. In vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity of propolis extract on Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. Mycobiology. 2002;30(2):93-95.
|
C. neoformans
|
2 mg/ml |
|
|
|
|
C. albicans
|
EEP with 500 µg flavonoids |
Brazilian green |
In vitro |
Isolates from patients with onycomycosis |
Oliveira et al., 2006Oliveira AC, Shinobu CS, Longhini R, Franco SL, Svidzinski TI. Antifungal activity of propolis extract against yeasts isolated from onychomycosis lesions. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006;101(5):493-497.
|
C. non-albicans
|
EEP with 500 µg flavonoids |
|
|
|
|
Trichosporon spp. |
EEP with 125 µg flavonoids |
|
|
|
|
Triphophyton spp. |
30% |
Brazilian green |
In vivo |
Isolates from patients with onycomycosis |
Veiga et al., 2018Veiga FF, Gadelha MC, da Silva MRT, Costa MI, Kischkel B, de Castro-Hoshino LV, et al. Propolis extract for onychomycosis topical treatment: from bench to clinic. Front Microbiol. 9:779.doi:10.3389/fmicb. 2018.00779. eCollection. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb. 2018.0077...
|
T. rubrum
|
64-512 µg/ml |
Brazilian green |
In vitro |
Clinical isolates |
Siqueira et al., 2009Siqueira AB, Gomes BS, Cambuim I, Maia R, Abreu S, Souza-Motta CM, et al. Trichophyton species susceptibility to green and red propolis from Brazil. Lett Appl Microbiol . 2009;48(1):90-96.
|
In vivo |
T. tonsurans
|
128-1024 µg/ml |
|
|
|
|
T. mentagrophytes
|
128-1024 µg/ml |
|
|
|
|
T. rubrum
|
8-128 µg/ml |
Brazilian red |
In vitro |
Clinical isolates |
Siqueira et al., 2009Siqueira AB, Gomes BS, Cambuim I, Maia R, Abreu S, Souza-Motta CM, et al. Trichophyton species susceptibility to green and red propolis from Brazil. Lett Appl Microbiol . 2009;48(1):90-96.
|
In vivo |
T. tonsurans
|
32-128 µg/ml |
|
|
|
|
T. mentagrophytes
|
16-128 µg/ml |
|
|
|
|
T. mentagrophytes
|
125 µg/ml |
Brazilian green |
In vitro |
Isolates from patients with tinea pedis |
Soares and Cury, 2001Soares MMSR, Cury AE. In vitro activity of antifungal and antiseptic agents against dermatophyte isolates from patients with tinea pedis. Braz J Microbiol.2001;32:130-134.
|
T. rubrum
|
250 µg/ml |
|
|
|
|
Epidermophyton floccosum
|
125-250 µg/ml |
|
|
|
|
T. mentagrophytes
|
≤64 µg/ml |
Slovak, Czech |
In vitro |
Clinical isolates |
Buchta, Černý, Opletalová, 2011Buchta V, Černý J, Opletalová V. In vitro antifungal activity of propolis samples of Czech and Slovak origin. Cent Eur J Biol. 2011;6(2):160-166.
|
C. albicans
|
A spergillus spp.
|
250 µg/ml |
Iranian |
In vitro |
Clinical isolates |
Diba, Mahmoudi, Hashemi, 2018Diba K, Mahmoudi M, Hashemi J. In vitro activity of propolis alcoholic extract on opportunistic pathogenic fungi. Int J Res Appl Basic Med Sci. 2018;4(2):68-73.
|
Candida spp.
|
250 μg/ml |
|
|
|
|