THC |
10.064 |
Spain |
Roadside |
Dräger DrugTest® 5000 |
25 |
95.3 |
86.4 |
LC–MS/MS1
|
(Lema-Atán et al., 2019Lema-Atán JÁ, de Castro A, Lendoiro E, López-Rivadulla M, Cruz A. Toxicological oral fluid results among Spanish drivers testing positive on on-site drug controls from 2013 to 2015. Drug Alcohol Depend . 2019;195:106-13.) |
8294 |
Dec. 2013 to Feb.2015 |
- |
|
71 |
88.6 |
1 |
THC |
369 |
Norway |
- |
Dräger DrugTest® 5000 |
5 |
82.9 |
- |
UHPLC–MS-MS3
|
(Gjerde et al., 2018Gjerde H, Clausen GB, Andreassen E, Furuhaugen H. Evaluation of dräger drugtest 5000 in a naturalistic setting. J Anal Toxicol. 2018;42(4):248-54.) |
159 |
Nov. 2015 to Mar. 2016 |
- |
|
88.7 |
- |
GC/MS2 0.94 |
THC |
179.645 |
Spain |
Roadside |
Dräger DrugTest® 5000 |
5 |
- |
- |
CT |
(Herrera-Gómez et al., 2018Herrera-Gómez F, García-Mingo M, Colás M, González-Luque JC, Álvarez FJ. Opioids in oral fluid of Spanish drivers. Drug Alcohol Depend . 2018;187:35-9.) |
62.876 |
Year 2011 to 2016 |
- |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
DrugWipe®
|
- |
|
|
|
Alere™ DDS®2 |
|
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
THC |
100 |
United States |
Roadside |
Alere™ DDS®2 |
25 |
≥80 |
≥80 |
LC-MS/MS 1.4 |
(Rohrig et al., 2018Rohrig TP, Moore CM, Stephens K, Cooper K, Coulter C, Baird T, et al. Roadside drug testing: An evaluation of the Alere DDS ® 2 mobile test system. Drug Test Anal . 2018;10(4):663-70.) |
18 |
- |
- |
≥80 |
≥80 |
|
THC |
547 |
Hong Kong |
Hospital |
Ora-Check®
|
50 |
0 |
100 |
LC-MS 0.5 |
(Tang et al., 2018Tang MHY, Ching CK, Poon S, Chan SSS, Ng WY, Lam M, et al. Evaluation of three rapid oral fluid test devices on the screening of multiple drugs of abuse including ketamine. Forensic Sci Int . 2018;286:113-20.) |
515 |
- |
- |
DrugWipe® 6S |
20 |
100 |
94 |
|
549 |
|
|
Saliva Screen®
|
22 |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
22 |
- |
|
39 |
|
|
|
100 |
93 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
93 |
|
THC |
646 |
Canada |
- |
Alere™ DDS®2 |
25 |
|
- |
LC-MS/MS or GC/MS 0.25 |
(Beirness, and Smith, 2017Beirness DJ, Smith DR. An assessment of oral fluid drug screening devices. J Can Soc Forensic Sci. 2017;50(2):55-63.) |
323 |
- |
- |
Dräger DrugTest®5000 |
5 |
86.9 |
- |
|
|
|
|
Drug Wipe 6S®
|
10 |
95.5 |
|
|
THC |
2744 |
Spain Year 2015 |
Roadside Police control Checkpoints |
Dräger DrugTest® 5000 |
25 |
90 |
- |
UHPLCMS/MS |
(Domingo-Salvany et al., 2017Domingo-Salvany A, Herrero MJ, Fernandez B, Perez J, del Real P, González-Luque JC, et al. Prevalence of psychoactive substances, alcohol and illicit drugs, in Spanish drivers: A roadside study in 2015. Forensic Sci Int . 2017;278:253-9.) |
206 |
|
Motor vehicles, excluding bicycles and vehicles over 3,500 kg |
|
77 |
- |
0.4 |
THC |
953 |
Queensland, Australia |
Waterways of Queensland, AUS |
DrugWipe® II Twin Cozart® DDS805 |
- |
|
- |
LC-MS/MS |
(Griffiths et al., 2017Griffiths A, Leonars R, Hadley L, Stephenson M, Teale R. Smoke on the water - Oral fluid analysis at sea. Forensic Sci Int . 2017;278:361-6.) |
114 |
Year 2010 to 2016 |
|
Dräger DCH® 5000/ Dräger DrugTest® 5000 STK |
|
- |
- |
- |
|
|
Boats and/or watervessels |
|
|
|
- |
|
THC |
124 |
Miami, Florida, United States |
Music festival |
Alere™ DDS®2 |
25 |
100 |
100 |
LC-MS/MS 1 |
(Krotulski et al., 2017Krotulski AJ, Mohr ALA, Friscia M, Logan BK. Field detection of drugs of abuse in oral fluid using the AlereTM DDS®2 mobile test system with confirmation by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). J Anal Toxicol . 2017;42(3):170-6.) |
27 |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
96.7 |
|
THC THCCOOH, 11-OH-THC, THCV, CBD, and CBG |
16 |
- |
Institutional Review Board |
Dräger DrugTest®5000 |
5 |
89.3 |
- |
LC-MS/MS 0.2 |
(Newmeyer et al., 2017Newmeyer MN, Swortwood MJ, Andersson M, Abulseoud OA, Scheidweiler KB, Huestis MA. Cannabis edibles: Blood and oral fluid cannabinoid pharmacokinetics and evaluation of oral fluid screening devices for predicting Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in blood and oral fluid following cannabis brownie administration. Clin Chem . 2017;63(3):647-62.) |
- |
16 |
|
|
|
|
94.7 |
- |
15 |
|
|
- |
Alere™ DDS®2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
THC |
25 |
United States Summer of 2013 |
Roadside |
Alere™ DDS®2 |
25 |
75 |
100 |
LC-MS/MS 4 |
(Veitenheimer, Wagner 2017Veitenheimer AM, Wagner JR. Evaluation of oral fluid as a specimen for DUID. J Anal Toxicol . 2017;41(6):517-22.) |
8 |
|
- |
|
|
100 |
75 |
|
THC |
20 |
- |
- |
Dräger DrugTest®5000 |
5 |
≥80 |
- |
LC-MS/MS 0.2 |
(Swortwood et al., 2017Swortwood MJ, Newmeyer MN, Andersson M, Abulseoud OA, Scheidweiler KB, Huestis MA. Cannabinoid disposition in oral fluid after controlled smoked, vaporized, and oral cannabis administration. Drug Test Anal . 2017;9(6):905-15.) |
20 |
- |
- |
|
|
99.3 |
- |
|
|
|
|
Alere™ DDS®2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
THC |
83 |
Rome, Italy Jan. to Mar. 2015 |
Five principal discos, pubs, andmusicbars of Rome metropolitan area |
DrugWipe® 5A |
10 |
29 |
- |
HS-SPMEGC/MS7
|
(Gentili et al., 2016Gentili S, Solimini R, Tittarelli R, Mannocchi G, Busardò FP. A Study on the Reliability of an On-Site Oral Fluid Drug Test in a Recreational Context. J Anal Methods Chem. 2016;2016:1-10.) |
18 |
|
|
|
88 |
- |
0.18 ng/pad |
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
THC |
3.900 |
Belgium Apr. 2008 to Mar. 2013 |
Roadside |
Drug Wipe-5+®
|
10 |
- |
- |
GC/MS or UPLCMS/MS |
(VanderLinden et al., 2015VanderLinden T, Wille SMR, Ramírez-Fernandez M, Verstraete AG, Samyn N. Roadside drug testing: Comparison of two legal approaches in Belgium. Forensic Sci Int . 2015;249:148-55.) |
2.600 |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
THC CBD CBN |
70 |
- |
- |
ConcatenoDDS |
- |
- |
- |
UPLC-MS SPME- GC/MS |
(Anzillotti et al., 2014Anzillotti L, Castrignanò E, Rossi SS, Chiarotti M. Cannabinoids determination in oral fluid by SPME-GC/ MS and UHPLC-MS/MS and its application on suspected drivers. Sci Justice. 2014;54(6):421-6.) |
42 |
- |
- |
Dräger DCD® 5000 |
|
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
THC |
2.180 |
Spain 2009 to 2010 |
Roadside |
Cozart® DDS 801 |
31 |
87 |
94 |
GC/MS 10 |
(Arroyo et al., 2014Arroyo A, Sanchez M, Barberia E, Barbal M, Marrón MT, Mora A. Comparison of the Cozart DDS 801 on-site drug test device and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) confirmation results of cannabis and cocaine in oral fluid specimens. Aust J Forensic Sci. 2014;46(3):272-81.) |
1371 |
- |
|
|
86 |
73 |
|
THC |
90 |
Miami United States |
Traffic stop |
Dräger Drug Test® 5000 |
5 |
58.3 |
93.3 |
GC/MS |
(Logan, Mohr, and Talpins, 2014Logan BK, Mohr ALA, Talpins SK. Detection and prevalence of drug use in arrested drivers using the dräger drug test 5000 and affiniton DrugWipe oral fluid drug screening devices. J Anal Toxicol . 2014;38(7):444-50.) |
15+10 |
- |
- |
DrugWipe 5®-Panel |
|
98.5 |
86.8 |
- |
91 |
|
|
|
2 |
43.5 |
66.7 |
|
15+13 |
|
|
|
|
100 |
82.7 |
|
THC |
2.129 |
Queensland, Australia Dec. 2007 to Jun. 2012 |
Roadside |
Drug Wipe® II Twin |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
(Davey, Armstrong, and Martin, 2014Davey J, Armstrong K, Martin P. Results of the Queensland 2007-2012 roadside drug testing program: The prevalence of three illicit drugs. Accid Anal Prev . 2014;65:11-7.) |
634 |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
- |
480 |
|
|
Cozart® DDS805 |
|
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
Cozart®DDS Reader DDS®202S |
|
|
|
|
THC |
2.63 |
Spain Jul. 2008 to Aug. 2009 |
Roadside |
Dräger DrugTest® 5000 |
27 |
76.3 |
81.25 |
LC-MS/MS 1 |
(Fierro, GonzálezLuque, and Álvarez, 2014Fierro I, González-Luque JC, Álvarez FJ. The relationship between observed signs of impairment and THC concentration in oral fluid. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;144:231-8.) |
253 |
- |
|
|
94 |
50.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
76.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
THC |
20 |
- |
- |
Dräger DrugTest®5000 |
- |
- |
- |
LC-MS/MS 1 |
(Lendoiro et al., 2014Lendoiro E, De Castro A, Fernández-Vega H, CelaPérez MC, López-Vilariño JM, González-Rodríguez MV, et al. Molecularly imprinted polymer for selective determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-nor-Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid using LC-MS/MS in urine and oral fluid Forensic Toxicology. Anal Bioanal Chem . 2014;406(15):3589-97.) |
20 |
- |
- |
|
|
- |
- |
|
THC |
10 |
- |
Roadside |
DrugWipe® II Twin |
- |
- |
- |
LC-MS/MS 1 |
(Molnar et al., 2014Molnar A, Fu S, Lewis J, Allsop DJ, Copeland J. The detection of THC, CBD and CBN in the oral fluid of Sativex® patients using two on-site screening tests and LC-MS/MS. Forensic Sci Int . 2014;238:113-9.) |
10 |
- |
- |
Cozart® DDS |
|
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
THC |
1.212 |
North RhineWestphalia, Germany Jan. to Nov. 2010 |
Roadside |
Dräger DrugTest®
|
5 |
87 |
92.6 |
- |
(Musshoff et al., 2014Musshoff F, Hokamp EG, Bott U, Madea B. Performance evaluation of on-site oral fluid drug screening devices in normal police procedure in Germany. Forensic Sci Int . 2014;238:120-4.) |
91 |
- |
Rapid STAT®
|
|
47 |
32.7 |
- |
12 |
|
|
5 |
91 |
92.6 |
|
236 |
|
|
Drug Wipe 5/5+®
|
|
9 |
25 |
|
|
|
|
30 |
71 |
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
49 |
28 |
|
THC |
244 |
South Africa Feb. to Sept. 2008 |
Roadside |
Oral twist EnviteCSmartClip®THC/Amph Drug Wipe®
|
100 |
- |
- |
- |
(Matzopoulos, Lasarow, and Bowman, 2013Matzopoulos R, Lasarow A, Bowman B. A field test of substance use screening devices as part of routine drunkdriving spot detection operating procedures in South Africa. Accid Anal Prev . 2013;59:118-24.) |
4 |
|
- |
15 |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
THC |
38 |
California, United States Summer of 2012 |
Roadside |
Alere Mobile Test System DDS®2 |
25 |
- |
- |
GC/MS or LCMS/ MS |
(Moore, KelleyBaker, and Lacey, 2013Moore C, Kelley-Baker T, Lacey J. Field testing of the Alere DDS2 mobile test system for drugs in oral fluid. J Anal Toxicol . 2013;37(5):305-7.) |
5 (2) |
|
- |
|
|
- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
THC |
500 |
Italy Nov. 2010 to Jul. 2011 |
Roadside |
Concateno DDS®
|
31 |
37.80 |
100 |
UHPLC– MS/MS |
(Strano-Rossi et al., 2012Strano-Rossi S, Castrignanò E, Anzillotti L, Serpelloni G, Mollica R, Tagliaro F, et al. Evaluation of four oral fluid devices (DDS®, Drugtest 5000®, Drugwipe 5+® and RapidSTAT®) for on-site monitoring drugged driving in comparison with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. Forensic Sci Int . 2012;221(1-3):70-6.) |
- |
|
- |
Dräger DrugTest® 5000 |
|
100 |
94.1 |
1 |
500 |
|
|
|
5 |
92.3 |
80 |
- |
|
|
Drugwipe 5+®
|
96.7 |
98.9 |
|
500 |
|
|
|
15 |
46.6 |
84.4 |
|
- |
|
|
Rapid STAT®
|
|
98.9 |
93.4 |
|
500 |
|
|
|
30 |
72 |
78 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
97 |
96 |
|
THC |
66 |
- |
- |
Dräger DrugTest® 5000 |
5 |
75.9 |
- |
GC/MS |
(Desrosiers et al., 2012Desrosiers NA, Lee D, Schwope DM, Milman G, Barnes AJ, Gorelick DA, et al. On-site test for cannabinoids in oral fluid. Clin Chem. 2012;58(10):1418-25.) |
- |
- |
- |
|
|
100 |
- |
0.5 |
THC |
136 |
- |
- |
Drug Wipe® 5+ |
30 |
63 |
71 |
GC/MS 1 |
(Pehrsson et al., 2011bPehrsson A, Blencowe T, Vimpari K, Langel K, Engblom C, Lillsunde P. An evaluation of on-site oral fluid drug screening devices drugwipe® 5+ and rapid STAT® using oral fluid for confirmation analysis. J Anal Toxicol . 2011b;35(4):211-8.) |
- |
- |
- |
Rapid STAT®
|
|
94 |
91 |
|
132 |
|
|
|
15 |
85 |
64 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
88 |
96 |
|
THC |
1807 |
Finland Jul. 2007 to Dec. 2008 |
- |
Drug Test® 5/5+ |
30 |
43 |
46 |
GC/MS 1 |
(Pehrsson et al., 2011aPehrsson A, Blencowe T, Vimpari K, Impinen A, Gunnar T, Lillsunde P. Performance evaluation of the DrugWipe® 5/5+ on-site oral fluid screening device. Int J Legal Med. 2011a;125(5):675-83.) |
- |
- |
|
|
87 |
86 |
|
THC |
118 |
Belgium, Finland and Netherlands October 2007 to Dec. 2009 |
- |
BIOSENS®Dynamic Cozart® DDS 806 |
Undetermined |
Average sensitivity: 38% |
- |
UPLC–MS/ MS, GC/ EI/MS4 or GC/NICI/MS5
|
(Blencowe et al., 2011Blencowe T, Pehrsson A, Lillsunde P, Vimpari K, Houwing S, Smink B, et al. An analytical evaluation of eight on-site oral fluid drug screening devices using laboratory confirmation results from oral fluid. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;208(1-3):173-9.) |
- |
- |
|
31 |
|
- |
138 |
|
DrugWipe® 5+ |
|
|
- |
|
|
Dräger DrugTest® 5000 |
30 |
Average specificity: 95% |
- |
1 |
136 |
|
|
OraLab®6 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
OrAlertTM
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
Oratect1 III |
|
|
|
|
223 |
|
|
Rapid STAT®
|
50 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
349 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
THC |
250 |
- |
DRUID Project |
Varian Oralab®6 |
50 |
41 |
10 |
LC-MS/MS |
(Goessaert et al., 2010Goessaert AS, Pil K, Veramme J, Verstraete A. Analytical evaluation of a rapid on-site oral fluid drug test. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2010;396(7):2461-8.) |
- |
|
- |
|
|
99 |
99 |
1 |
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
THC |
134 |
Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany |
Roadside |
Rapid Stat™ |
15 |
85 |
87 |
GC/MS |
(Röhrich et al., 2010Röhrich J, Zörntlein S, Becker J, Urban R. Detection of Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol and amphetamine-type stimulants in oral fluid using the rapid statTM point-of-collection drugtesting device. J Anal Toxicol . 2010;34(3):155-61.) |
- |
Apr. to Nov. 2008 |
- |
|
|
87 |
97 |
1.8 |
THC |
58 |
Belgium |
Roadside |
Drugwipe-5®
|
30 |
71 |
-- |
GC/MS |
(Wille et al., 2010Wille SMR, Samyn N, Ramírez-Fernández M del M, De Boeck G. Evaluation of on-site oral fluid screening using Drugwipe-5+®, RapidSTAT® and Drug Test 5000® for the detection of drugs of abuse in drivers. Forensic Sci Int 2010;198(1-3):2-6.) |
11 |
- |
55 |
1 |
46 |
- |
Rapid STAT®
|
15 |
71 |
- |
50 |
48 |
DrugTest® 5000 |
5 |
93 |
- |
71 |