Cellulose and its derivatives |
CMC and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate |
pH responsive smart hydrogel |
Naringenin |
Atopic dermatitis |
So, Hyuk, Soo, 2018So HP, Hyuk SS, Soo NP. Novel pH-responsive hydrogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate for transdermal delivery of naringenin. Carbohydr Polym . 2018;200:341-52.
|
CMC |
Hydrogel |
Doxorubicin hydrochloride |
Melanoma |
Capanema et al., 2018Capanema NSV, Mansur AAP, Carvalho SM, Carvalho IC, Chagas P, de Oliveira LCA, et al. Bioengineered carboxymethyl cellulose-doxorubicin prodrug hydrogels for topical chemotherapy of melanoma skin cancer. Carbohyd Polym . 2018;195:401-12.
|
HEC and hyaluronic acid |
Hydrogel |
Isoliquiritigenin |
Antibacterial activity |
Kong, Kim, Park, 2016Kong BJ, Kim A, Park SN. Properties and in vitro drug release of hyaluronic acid-hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogels for transdermal delivery of isoliquiritigenin. Carbohydr Polym . 2016;147:473-81.
|
HPC |
Hydrogel |
4-benzylpiperdine |
Cocaine used disorder |
Ganti et al., 2018Ganti SS, Nguyen HX, Murnane KS, Blough BE, Banga AK. Transdermal formulation of 4-benzylpiperidine for cocaine-use disorder. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2018;47:299-308.
|
HPMC and PVA |
Cryogel |
Diltiazem HCl |
Hypertension |
Parhi, Suresh, Patnaik, 2015bParhi R, Suresh P, Patnaik S. Formulation optimization of PVA/HPMC cryogel of Diltiazem HCl using 3-level factorial design and evaluation for ex vivo permeation. J Pharm Investig. 2015b;45(3):319-27.
|
HPMC K100M and Pluronic F127 |
Thermosensitive gel |
Diltiazem HCl |
Hypertension |
Parhi, Suresh, Patnaik, 2015cParhi R, Suresh P, Patnaik S. Transdermal delivery of diltiazem hydrochloride from Poloxamer-HPMC Gel: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo Studies. Drug Deliv Lett. 2015c;5(3):163-72.
|
HPMC K100M and Pluronic F127 |
Thermosensitive gel |
Aceclofenac |
Osteoarthritis |
Singh, Parhi, Garg, 2011Singh S, Parhi R, Garg A. Formulation of topical bioadhesive gel of aceclofenac using 3-level factorial design. Iran J Pharm Res . 2011;10(3):435-45.
|
HPMC and Pluronic F127 |
Thermosensitive gel |
Metoprolol succinate |
Hypertension |
Parhi, 2016Parhi R. Development and optimization of pluronic® F127 and HPMC based thermosensitive gel for the skin delivery of metoprolol succinate. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol . 2016;36:23-33.
|
HPMC and eudragit RL100 |
Film-forming gel |
Etoricoxib |
Musculoskeletal disorders |
Parhi, Goli, 2020Parhi R, Goli VVN. Design and optimization of film-forming gel of etoricoxib using research surface methodology. Drug Deliv Translation Res. 2020;10(2):498-514.
|
HPMC K4M and eudragit RS100 |
Film |
Diltiazem HCl |
Hypertension |
Parhi, Suresh, 2016Parhi R, Suresh P. Transdermal delivery of diltiazem HCl from matrix film: Effect of penetration enhancers and study of antihypertensive activity in rabbit model. J Adv Res. 2016;7(3):539-50.
|
HPMC and (phospholipid) |
Film and (Invasosomes) |
Avanafil |
Erectile dysfunction |
Ahmed, Badr-Eldin, 2019Ahmed OAA, Badr-Eldin SM. Development of an optimized avanafil-loaded invasomal transdermal film: Ex vivo skin permeation and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm . 2019;570:118657.
|
Neem gum polysaccharide or its carboxymethylated derivative |
Film |
Albumin |
----- |
Malviya, 2020Malviya R. Non-invasive drug delivery system for the delivery of protein/peptide using neem gum and its derivatives. Biointerf Res Appl Chem. 2020;10(3):5460-55.
|
CMC, trehalose, maltodextrin, glucose and hyaluronic acid |
Dissolvable microneedle array |
--- |
---- |
Yalcintas et al., 2020Yalcintas EP, Ackerman DS, Korkmaz E, Telmer CA, Jarvik JW, Campbell PG, et al. Analysis of in vitro cytotoxicity of carbohydrate-based materials used for dissolvable microneedle arrays. Pharm Res. 2020;37(3):33.
|
Cellulose acetate |
Nanofibres |
l-tryptophan. |
--- |
Ghorani et al., 2018Ghorani B, Goswami P, Blackburn RS, Russell SJ. Enrichment of cellulose acetate nanofibre assemblies for therapeutic delivery of l-tryptophan. Int J Biol Macromol . 2018;108:1-8.
|
HPC and polyurethane |
Nanofibres |
Donepezil hydrochloride |
Alzheimer disease |
Gencturk et al., 2017Gencturk A, Kahraman E, Güngör S, Özhan G, Özsoy Y, Sarac AS. Polyurethane/hydroxypropyl cellulose electrospun nanofiber mats as potential transdermal drug delivery system: characterization studies and in vitro assays. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2017;45(3):655-64.
|
Chitin/chitosan and their derivatives |
Chitosan, egg albumin and carbopol 940 |
Nanogel |
Aceclofenac |
Pain and inflammation |
Cheung et al., 2015Cheung RCF, Ng TB, Wong JH, Chan WY. Chitosan: an update on potential biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Mar Drugs . 2015;13(8):5156-86.
|
Chitin |
Nanogel |
5-fluorouracil |
Melanoma |
Jana et al., 2014Jana S, Manna S, Nayak AK, Sen KK, Basu SK. Carbopol gel containing chitosan-egg albumin nanoparticles for transdermal aceclofenac delivery. Coll Surf, B. 2014;114:36-44.
|
Chitin |
Nanogel |
Clobetasol |
Psoriasis |
Sabitha et al., 2013Sabitha M, Rejinold NS, Nair A, Lakshmanan VK, Nair SV, Jayakumar R. Development and evaluation of 5-fluorouracil loaded chitin nanogels for treatment of skin cancer. Carbohydr Polym . 2013;91(1):48-57.
|
Chitosan, carbopol and poloxamer |
Nanogel |
Propranolol hydrochloride |
Cardiovascular conditions such as hyper-tension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia |
Panonnummal, Jayakumar, Sabitha, 2017Panonnummal R, Jayakumar R, Sabitha M. Comparative anti-psoriatic efficacy studies of clobetasol loaded chitin nanogel and marketed cream. EurJ Pharm Sci . 2017;96:193-206.
|
Chitosan whisker grafted with oligo(lactic acid) |
Nanoparticles |
Lidocaine |
--- |
Al-Kassas et al., 2016Al-Kassas R, Wen J, Cheng AE-M, Kim AM-J, Sze S, Liu M, et al. Transdermal delivery of propranolol hydrochloride through chitosan nanoparticles dispersed in mucoadhesive gel. Carbohyd Polym. 2016;153:176-86.
|
Chitosan |
Chitosan-coated liposomes |
Indocyanine green |
Melanoma |
Engkagul et al., 2017Engkagul V, Klaharn I, Sereemaspun A, Chirachanchai S. Chitosan whisker grafted with oligo(lactic acid) nanoparticles via a greensynthesis pathway: Potential as a transdermal drug delivery system. Nanomedicine. 2017;13(8):2523-31.
|
Chitosan, polystyrene and poly(acrylic acid) |
Chitosan coated polymerosomes |
---- |
---- |
Lee, Lim, Lee, 2019Lee EH, Lim SJ, Lee MK. Chitosan-coated liposomes to stabilize and enhance transdermal delivery of indocyanine green for photodynamic therapy of melanoma. Carbohydr Polym . 2019;224:115143.
|
Chitosan |
O/W based microemulsion |
Polyphenol of olive leaf extract |
--- |
Caon et al., 2014Caon T, Porto LC, Granada A, Tagliari MP, Silva MAS, Simões CMO, et al. Chitosan-decorated polystyrene-b- poly(acrylic acid) polymersomes as novel carriers for topical delivery of finasteride. Eur J Pharm Sci . 2014;52:165-72.
|
Chitosan |
Chitosan coated microemulsion |
Clotrimazole |
Candidiasis |
Acosta et al., 2015N, Sánchez E, Calderón L, Cordoba-Diaz M, Cordoba-Diaz D, Dom S, et al. Physical stability studies of semi-solid formulations from natural compounds loaded with chitosan microspheres. Mar Drugs. 2015;13(9):5901-19.
|
Chitosan and Quaternized chitosan |
Chitosan and Quaternized chitosan coated nanoemulsion |
Plai extract |
Anticancer and Anti-inflammatory activity |
Kumari, Kesavan, 2017Kumari B, Kesavan K. Effect of chitosan coating on microemulsion for effective dermal clotrimazole delivery. Pharm Dev Technol. 2017;22(4):617-26.
|
Chitosan, poly(N-isopropylamide-co-acrylic acid and cellulose laurate |
Polymeric nanoparticles |
Tretinoin and clindamycin phosphate |
----- |
Luesakul et al., 2020Luesakul U, Puthong S, Sansanaphongpricha K, Muangsin N. Quaternized chitosan-coated nanoemulsions: A novel platform for improving the stability, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and transdermal properties of Plai extract. Carbohydr Polym . 2020;230:115625.
|
Chitosan |
Polymeric nanoparticles |
Curcumin |
Various tumors |
Shamsi et al., 2017Shamsi M, Zahedi P, Ghourchian H, Minaeian S. Microfluidic-aided fabrication of nanoparticles blend based on chitosan for a transdermal multidrug delivery application. Int J Biol Macromol . 2017;99:433-42.
|
Nanochitosan and poly(-caprolactone) nanofibres |
Composite elctrospun membranes |
Curcumin |
Wound healing (Antibacterial) |
Abdel-Hafez, Hathout, Sammour, 2018Abdel-Hafez SM, Hathout RM, Sammour OA. Tracking the transdermal penetration pathways of optimized curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018;108:753-64.
|
Cross-linked chitosan |
Film |
Zidovudine |
Antiviral |
Reshmi et al., 2018Reshmi CR, Suja PS, Manaf O, Sanu PP, Sujith A. Nanochitosan enriched poly-caprolactone electrospun wound dressing membranes: A fine tuning of physicochemical properties, hemocompatibility and curcumin release profile. Int J Biol Macromol . 2018;108:1261-72.
|
Chitosan and PVP |
Patch |
Metoprolol tartarte |
---- |
Singh, Upasani, 2013Singh N, Upasani CD. Skin permeation of zidovudine from crosslinked chitosan film containing terpene enhancers for transdermal use. Middle East J Sci Res. 2013;16(8):1027-1036.
|
Chitosan |
Micrparticles incorporated Patch |
Rivastigmine |
Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease |
Gandhi et al., 2014Gandhi A, Jana S, Paul A, Sheet S, Nag R, Sen KK. Metoprolol tartrate containing glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan-polyvinyl pyrrolidone matrix transdermal patch: preparation and characterization. J PharmaSciTech. 2014;3(2):72-6.
|
Chitosan |
Nano- and microcrystal based patch |
Gibenclamide |
Diabetes |
Sadeghia et al., 2016Sadeghia M, Ganjia F, Taghizadehb SM, Daraei B. Iranian preparation and characterization of rivastigmine transdermal patch based on chitosan microparticles. Iran J Pharm Res. 2016;15(3):283-94.
|
Starch |
Starch and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) |
Hydrogel patches |
Ayclovir |
Herpes simplex Infection such as genital herpes and cold sores |
Fu et al., 2018Fu L, Zhu J, Zhang S, Li X, Zhang B, Pu H, et al. Hierarchical structure and thermal behavior of hydrophobic starch-based films with different amylose contents. Carbohydr Polym . 2018;181:528-35.
|
Starch obtained from mungbean and PVA |
Films |
Sulindac |
Inflammation |
Bakrudeen, Sudarvizhi, Reddy, 2016Bakrudeen HV, Sudarvizhi C, Reddy BSR. Starch nanocrystals based hydrogel: Construction, characterizations and transdermal application. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2016;68:880-889.
|
Carboxymethyl starch and 1,4-cis polybutadiene |
Nanoparticles |
Clonidine |
---- |
Tak et al., 2019Tak HY, Yun YH, Lee CM, Yoon SD. Sulindac imprinted mungbean starch/PVA biomaterial films as a transdermal drug delivery patch. Carbohydr Polym . 2019;208:261-4.
|
Maize starch |
Nanoparticles |
Diclofenac sodium |
Rheumatoid disorders and other chronic inflammatory diseases |
Saboktakin, Akhyari, Nasiro, 2014Saboktakin MR, Akhyari S, Nasirov FA. Synthesis and characterization of modified starch/polybutadiene as novel transdermal drug delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol . 2014; 69:442.
|
Quaternized starch |
Complex |
miR-197 |
Psoriasis |
El-Naggar et al., 2015El-Naggar ME, El-Rafie MH, El-sheikh MA, El-Feky GS, Hebeish A. Synthesis, characterization, release kinetics and toxicity profile of drug-loaded starch nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol . 2015;81:718-29.
|
Alginate |
Alginate |
Matrix film |
Donepezil |
Alzheimer’s disease |
Jain, Bar-Shalom, 2014Jain D, Bar-Shalom D. Alginate drug delivery systems: application in context of pharmaceutical and biomedical research. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2014;40(12):1576-84.
|
Sodium alginate and poly(4-vinylpyridine) |
Polyelectrolyte multilayer films |
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride |
Wound healing |
Galipoğlu, Erdal, Güngör, 2015Galipoğlu M, Erdal MS, Güngör S. Biopolymer-based transdermal films of donepezil as an alternative delivery approach in Alzheimer’s disease treatment. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2015;16(2),284-92.
|
Alginate, chitosan and HPMC |
Nanoparticles incorporated film |
Dapoxetine |
Depression |
Alshhab, Yilmaz, 2020Alshhab A, Yilmaz E. Sodium alginate/poly(4-vinylpyridine) polyelectrolyte multilayer films: Preparation, characterization and ciprofloxacin HCl release. Int J Biol Macromol . 2020;147:809-20.
|
Sodium alginate and chitosan |
Nanogel |
Pirfenidone |
Pulmonary fibrosis |
Ahmed et al., 2020Ahmed TA, Alay AMS, Okbazghi SZ, Alhakamy NA. Two-step optimization to develop a transdermal film loaded with dapoxetine nanoparticles: a promising technique to improve drug skin permeation. Dose-Response. 2020;18(2):1-15.
|
Alginate chitosan HPMC and HPC |
Nanoparticles incorporated patch |
Rabeprazole |
Erosive gastroesophageal reflux |
Abnoos et al., 2018Abnoos M, Mohseni M, Mousavi SAJ, Ashtari K, Ilka R, Mehravi B. Chitosan-alginate nano-carrier for transdermal delivery of pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biol Macromol . 2018;118(Pt A):1319-25.
|
Pectins |
Bovine serum albumin, pectin and chitosan |
Core-shell microcapsule |
Berberine |
Acne |
Chomto, Nunthanid, 2017Chomto P, Nunthanid J. Physicochemical and powder characteristics of various citrus pectins and their application for oral pharmaceutical tablets. Carbohyd Polym . 2017;174:25-31.
|
Pectin, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-acrylamide) and silver |
Silver nanocomposite film |
Donepezil |
Antimicrobial |
Paşcalău et al., 2020Paşcalău V, Bogdan C, Pall E, Matroş L, Pandrea S-L, Suciu M, et al. Development of BSA gel/Pectin/Chitosan polyelectrolyte complex microcapsules for Berberine delivery and evaluation of their inhibitory effect on Cutibacterium acnes. React Funct Polym. 2020;147:104457.
|
Pectin |
Hydrogel patch |
Insulin |
Diabetes |
Kodoth et al., 2019Kodoth AK, Ghate VM, Lewis SA, Prakash B, Badalamoole V. Pectin-based silver nanocomposite film for transdermal delivery of Donepezil. Int J Biol Macromol . 2019;134:269-79.
|
Pectin and natural rubber latex |
Matrix patch |
Nicotine |
Smoking cessation |
Hadebe et al., 2014Hadebe SI, Ngubane PS, Serumula MR, Musabayane CT. Transdermal delivery of insulin by amidated pectin hydrogel matrix patch in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: effects on some selected metabolic parameters. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):101461.
|
High and low methoxyl pectin |
Pectin coated liposomes |
Vitamin C |
Photoprotection, reducing melanin, eliminating free radicals, and promoting collagen biosynthesis |
Suksaeree et al., 2018Suksaeree J, Karnsopa P, Wannaphruek N, Prasomkij J, Panrat K, Monton C, et al. Use of isolated pectin from a cissampelos pareira-based polymer blend matrix for the transdermal delivery of nicotine. J Polym Environ. 2018;26(9):3531-9.
|
Pectin. |
Microneedle array |
Bovine serum albumin |
---- |
Zhou et al., 2014Zhou W, Liu W, Zou L, Liu W, Liu C, Liang R, et al.Storage stability and skin permeation of vitamin C liposomes improved by pectin coating. Colloids Surf B Biointerfac. 2014;117:330-7.
|
Dextran |
Polyacrylamide grafted dextran (reservoir) and dextran-PVA blend ( rate controlling membrane) |
Electro-responsive TDDS |
Rivastigmine tartarate |
--- |
Anirudhan, Binusree, 2016Anirudhan TS, Binusree J. Dextran based nanosized carrier for the controlled and targeted delivery of curcumin toliver cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol . 2016;88:222-35.
|
Methacrylated hyaluronic acid-derived (core) and cyanine 5 and flurescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (Coating) |
Double-layered microneedles |
Insulin |
Controlling the blood glucose level and allowed the extraction of skin interstitial fluid for analysis of the glucose |
Patil et al., 2019Patil SB, Inamdar SZ, Reddy KR, Raghu AV, Soni SK, Kulkarni RV. Novel biocompatible poly(acrylamide)-grafted- dextran hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications. J Microbiol Methods. 2019;159:200-10.
|
Hyaluronic acid integrated with pH sensitive dextran nanoparticles |
Self-degradable microneedle |
Zinc phthalocyanine and anti-CTLA4 antibody |
Photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy |
Lorenzo et al., 2017Lorenzo FD, Silipo A, Molinaro A, Parrilli M, Schiraldi C, D’Agostino A, et al. The polysaccharide and low molecular weight components of Opuntia ficus indica cladodes: structure and skin repairing properties. Carbohydr Polym . 2017;157:128-36.
|
Gantrez S-97, sodium carbonate and polyethylene glycol. |
Microneedle |
FITC-dextran |
---- |
Ning et al., 2020Ning X, Wiraja C, Chin D, Lio S, Xu C. A double-layered microneedle platform fabricated through frozen spray-coating. Adv Healthc Mater. 2020;9(10):2000147.
|
Dextran and polycaprolactone, and grapheme oxide |
Composite nanofibrous transdermal patch |
Tetracycline |
Chronic infectious lesion |
Chen et al., 2020Chen F, Huang G, Huang H. Preparation and application of dextran and its derivatives as carriers. Int J Biol Macromol . 2020;145:827-34.
|
Hyaluronic acid |
Chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alanine, and pluronic F127 |
Dual-responsive (pH and temperature) nanocomposite hydrogel |
Gallic acid |
Atopic dermatitis |
Tripodo et al., 2015Tripodo G, Trapani A, Torre ML, Giammona G, Trapani G, Mandracchia D. Hyaluronic acid and its derivatives in drug delivery and imaging: Recent advances and challenges. Eur J Pharm Biopharm . 2015;97(Pt B):400-16.
|
Hyaluronic acid and HEC |
complex pH sensitive hydrogel |
isoliquiritigenin |
Antimicrobial activity |
Chatterjee et al., 2020Chatterjee S, Hui PC-L, Wat E, Kan C-W, Leung P-C, Wang W. Drug delivery system of dual-responsive PF127 hydrogel with polysaccharide-based nano-conjugate for textile-based transdermal therapy. Carbohyd Polym . 2020;236:116074.
|
PVP (inner layer), and PVP and hyaluronic acid (outer layer) |
Intelligent transparent bilayer films involving |
Ciprofloxacin |
Chronic and non-healing wounds or burns |
Kwon, Kong, Park, 2015Kwon SS, Kong BJ, Park SN. Physicochemical properties of pH-sensitive hydrogels based on hydroxyethyl cellulose-hyaluronic acid and for applications as transdermal delivery systems for skin lesions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2015;92:146-54.
|
Hyaluronic acid and chitosan |
Polyelectrolyte complex based films |
Thiocolchicoside |
Muscle relaxant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties |
Contardi et al., 2019Contardi M, Russo D, Suarato G, Heredia-Guerrero JA, Ceseracciu L, Penna I, et al. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/ hyaluronic acid-based bilayer constructs for sequential delivery of cutaneous antiseptic and antibiotic. Chem Eng J. 2019;358:912-23.
|
All-trans retinoic acid and hyaluronan |
Conjugates |
Antioxidant morin |
Vehicle to deliver drugs and cosmeceuticals |
Bigucci et al., 2015Bigucci F, Abruzzo A, Saladini B, Gallucci MC, Cerchiara T, Luppi B. Development and characterization of chitosan/ hyaluronan film for transdermal delivery of thiocolchicoside. Carbohyd Polym . 2015;130:32-40.
|
Hyaluronic acid |
Dissolving microneedle that was complexed with transferosome |
Doxorubicin |
Tumor metastasis. |
Huerta-Ángeles et al., 2020Huerta-Ángeles G, Brandejsová M, Štěpán P, Pavlík V, Starigazdová J, Orzol P, et al. Retinoic acid grafted to hyaluronan for skin delivery: Synthesis, stability studies, and biological evaluation. Carbohyd Polym . 2020;231:115733.
|
Hyaluronic acid and egg phosphatidylcholine |
Transferosomes and ethosomes |
Nifedipine |
Raynaud’s syndrome |
Yang et al., 2019Yang H, Wu X, Zhou Z, Chen X, Kong M. Enhanced transdermal lymphatic delivery of doxorubicin via hyaluronic acid based transfersomes/microneedle complex for tumor metastasis therapy. Int J Biol Macromol . 2019;125:9-16.
|
Hyaluronic acid |
Ethosomes |
Rhodamine B |
----- |
Franzé et al., 2018Franzé S, Marengo A, Stella B, Minghetti P, Arpicco S, Cilurzo F. Hyaluronan-decorated liposomes as drug delivery systems for cutaneous administration. Int J Pharm . 2018;535(1-2):333-9.
|
Hyaluronic acid |
Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) modified with hyaluronic acid |
Bupivacaine |
Postoperative pain or other acute and chronic pain |
Xie et al., 2018Xie J, Ji Y, Xue W, Ma D, Hu Y. Hyaluronic acid-containing ethosomes as a potential carrier for transdermal drug delivery. Colloids Surf, B. 2018;172:323-9.
|
Chondroitin sulphate |
Chondroitin sulfate and PVA |
Microneedle patch, gel and microemulsion-based gel of |
Sinomenine |
Rheumatoid arthritis |
Birajdar et al., 2020Birajdar RP, Patil SB, Alange VV, Kulkarni RV. Synthesis and characterization of electrically responsive poly(acrylamide)-grafted-chondroitin sulfate hydrogel for transdermal drug delivery application. Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomater. 2020;69(3):148-57.
|
Chondroitin sulfate and PVP |
Dissolving microneedles |
Sinomenine |
---- |
Qian et al., 2014Qian S, Chen Y, Gui S, Wang J, Zhou Y, Chen L. Enhanced penetration of sinomenine fomulations following skin pretreatment with a polymer microneedle patch. Lat Am J Pharm. 2014;33(3):464-9.
|
Chondrioitin sulfate |
Dissolving microneedle patch |
FITC-insulin |
Dose-dependent hypoglycemic effect and the bioavailabilities of insulin |
Shu et al., 2020Shu Z, Cao Y, Tao Y, Liang X, Wang F, Li Z, et al. Polyvinylpyrrolidone microneedles for localized delivery of sinomenine hydrochloride: preparation, release behavior of in vitro ∈ vivo, and penetration mechanism. Drug Deliv. 2020;27(1):642-51.
|
Chondriotin Sulfate mixed with model |
Dissolving Microneedle array patches |
Ovalbumin |
Percutaneous vaccination |
Fukushima et al., 2010Fukushima K, Yamazaki T, Hasegawa R, Ito Y, Sugioka N, Takada K. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of insulin dissolving microneedles in dogs. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2010;12(6):465-74.
|
Inulins |
---- |
Transdermal powdered delivery method (using PowderJet® device) |
Radiolabelled inulin |
---- |
Nair, Suman, Thompkinson, 2010Nair KK, Suman K, Thompkinson DK. Inulin dietary fiber with functional and health attributes-A review. Food Rev Int. 2010;26(2):189-203.
|
---- |
---- |
Glucose and inulin |
---- |
Sarphie et al., 1997Sarphie DF, Johnson B, Cormier M, Burkotha TL, Bellhouse BJ. Bioavailability following transdermal powdered delivery (TPD) of radiolabeled inulin to hairless guinea pigs. J Control Release . 1997;47(1):61-9.
|
--- |
---- |
Mannitol, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, dextran and inulin |
---- |
Sarphie et al., 1997Sarphie DF, Johnson B, Cormier M, Burkotha TL, Bellhouse BJ. Bioavailability following transdermal powdered delivery (TPD) of radiolabeled inulin to hairless guinea pigs. J Control Release . 1997;47(1):61-9.
|
--- |
--- |
Inulin, urea, mannitol and raffinose |
Permeability enhancement |
Tezel, Sens, Mitragotri, 2003Tezel A, Sens A, Mitragotri S. Description of transdermal transport of hydrophilic solutes during low-frequency sonophoresis based on a modified porous pathway model. J Pharm Sci . 2003;92(2):381-93.
|
Pullulan |
Pullulan |
Dissolving microneedle |
FITC-bovin serum albumin and insulin |
---- |
Coltelli et al., 2020Coltelli MB, Danti S, Clerk KD, Lazzeri A, Morganti P.Pullulan for advanced sustainable body-and skin-contact applications. J Funct Biomater. 2020;11(1):20.
|
Pullullan |
Hydrogel |
Rhus verniciflua extract |
Atopic dermatitis |
Vora et al., 2020Vora LK, Courtenay AJ, Tekko IA, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Pullulan-based dissolving microneedle arrays for enhanced transdermal delivery of small and large biomolecules. Int J Biol Macromol . 2020;146:290-8.
|
Pullulan and polyacrylamid |
Film |
Metoprolol succinate |
---- |
Jeong et al., 2019Jeong JH, Back SK, An JH, Lee N-S, Kim D-K, Na CS, et al. Topical film prepared with Rhus verniciflua extract-loaded pullulan hydrogel for atopic dermatitis treatment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2019;107(7):2325-34.
|
Poly(acrylamide) and pullulan copolymer (reservoir) and pullulan and PVA (rate controlling membrane) |
Electrically-responsive hydrogel patch |
Rivastigmine tartarate |
Alzheimer's disease |
Vishwanath et al., 2012Vishwanath B, Shivakumar HR, Sheshappa RK, Ganesh S, Prasad P, Guru GS, et al. In-Vitro release study of metoprolol succinate from the bioadhesive films of pullulan-polyacrylamide blends. Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomater . 2012;61(4):300-7.
|
Pullulan |
Dissolving microneedle patches |
Insulin |
Diabetes mellitus |
Patil et al., 2020Patil SB, Inamdar SZ, Das KK, Akamanchi KG, Patil AV, Inamadar AC, et al. Tailor-made electrically-responsive poly(acrylamide)-graft-pullulan copolymer based transdermal drug delivery systems: Synthesis, characterization, in-vitro and ex-vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol . 2020;56(Part A):101525.
|
Carrageenans |
Carrageenan and guar gum |
Hydrogel |
Tocotrienol-rich palm-based vitamin E |
Prevent free radical damage in skin |
Li et al., 2014Li L, Ni R, Shao Y, Mao S. Carrageenan and its applications in drug delivery. Carbohyd Polym . 2014a;103:1-11.a |
k-carrageenan /locust bean gum/montomorillonite |
Biocomposite films |
Curcumin |
Antibacterial properties |
Yee et al., 2016Yee CM, Hasan ZAA, Ahma N, Hazimah AH. Development of carrageenan hydrogel as a sustained release matrix containing tocotrienol-rich palm-based vitamin E. J Oil Palm Res. 2016;28(3):373-86.
|
Chitosan and k-carrageenan |
Matrix type films |
Metformin |
Diabetes |
Kaur et al., 2019Kaur R, Sharma A, Puri V, Singh I. Preparation and characterization of biocomposite films of carrageenan/ locust bean gum/montmorrillonite for transdermal delivery of curcumin. BioImpacts. 2019;9(1):37-43.
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Xanthan gum |
Xanthan gum and sodium alginate |
Matrix membrane |
Domperidone |
Hypertension |
Bejenariu et al., 2008Bejenariu A, Popa M, Cerf D, Picton L. Stiffness xanthan hydrogels: synthesis, swelling characteristics and controlled release properties. Polym Bull. 2008;61(5):631-41.
|
Xanthan gum and HPMC |
Nanogel |
Tetracaine |
Local anesthesia |
Rajesh, Siddaramaiah, 2009Rajesh N, Siddaramaiah. Feasibility of xanthan gum-sodium alginate as a transdermal drug delivery system for domperidone. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2009;20(10):2085-9.
|
F68 and F127, and xanthan gum |
Themoresponsive nanogel |
Curcumin |
---- |
Cai, Mesquida, Jones, 2016Cai XJ, Mesquida P, Jones SA. Investigating the ability of nanoparticle-loaded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and xanthan gum gels to enhance drug penetration into the skin. Int J Pharm . 2016;513(1-2):302-8.
|
Xanthan gum |
Microemulsion gel |
Repaglinide |
Hypoglycemic activity |
Shin, Park, 2018Shin LGH, Park HJ. Solid lipid nanoparticles loaded thermoresponsive pluronic-xanthan gum hydrogel as a transdermal delivery system. J Appl Polym Sci . 2018;135(11):46004.
|
Xanthan gum |
Nanocrystal hydrogel |
Montelukast |
Chronic asthma and symptoms of seasonal allergies |
Shinde, Modani, Singh, 2018Shinde UA, Modani SH, Singh KH. Design and development of repaglinide microemulsion gel for transdermal delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech . 2018;19(1):315-25.
|
Xanthan gum and beeswax |
O/W nanoemulsion gel |
Fullerene |
Oxidative stress-related diseases |
Im et al., 2019Im SH, Jung HT, Ho MJ, Lee JE, Kim HT, Kim DY, et al. Montelukast nanocrystals for transdermal delivery with improved chemical stability. Pharmaceutics. 2019;12(1):18.
|
Xanthan gum and PVA |
Membranes |
Diltiazem hydrochloride |
Angina pectoris and anal fissure |
Ngan et al., 2014Ngan CL, Basri M, Tripathy M, Karjiban RA, Abdul-Malek E. Physicochemical characterization and thermodynamic studies of nanoemulsion-based transdermal delivery system for fullerene. Sci World J. 2014;2014:219035.
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Gellan gum |
Gellan gum |
Semisolid gel and solid hydrogel film |
Diclofenac sodium |
Pain management in osteoarthritis |
Bhunia et al., 2013Bhunia T, Giri A, Nasim T, Chattopadhyay D, Bandyopadhyay A. Uniquely different PVA-xanthan gum irradiated membranes as transdermal diltiazem delivery device. Carbohyd Polym . 2013;95(1):252-61.
|
Gellan gum, carbopol and polyethylene glycol |
Hydrogel |
Nebivolol |
Hypertension |
Carmona-Moran et al., 2016Carmona-Moran CA, Zavgorodnya O, Penman AD, Kharlampieva E, Bridges Jr SL, Hergenrother RW, et al. Development of gellan gum containing formulations for transdermal drug delivery: Component evaluation and controlled drug release using temperature responsive nanogels. Int J Pharm . 2016;509(1-2):465-76.
|
Chitosan and gellan gum |
Nanoconjugates |
Ibuprofen |
Pain, fever, symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis |
Nair et al., 2019Nair AB, Shah J, Aljaeid BM, Al-Dhubiab BE, Jacob S. Gellan gum-based hydrogel for the transdermal delivery of nebivolol: optimization and evaluation. Polymers (Basel). 2019;11(10):1699.
|
Guar gum |
Sodium carboxy methyl hydroxyl propyl guar |
Patch |
Aceclofenac |
------ |
Shankrayya, Basavaraj, Sreenivasa, 2016Shankrayya M, Basavaraj S, Sreenivasa GM. Evaluation of semi synthetic guar gum derivative for the development of transdermal patches of aceclofenac. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2016;7(6):2485-91.
|
Guar gum-g-polyacrylamide copolymer |
Polymeric nanocomposite |
Diltiazem hydrochloride |
--- |
Dutta et al., 2017Dutta K, Das B, Mondal D, Adhikari A, Rana D, Chattopadhyay AK, et al. An ex situ approach to fabricating nanosilica reinforced polyacrylamide grafted guar gum nanocomposites as an efficient biomaterial for transdermal drug delivery application. New J Chem. 2017;41(17):9461-71.
|
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted carboxymethyl guar gum |
Composite membranes |
Diclofenac sodium |
Rheumatoid arthritis |
Giri et al., 2014Giri A, Bhunia T, Mishra SM, Goswami L, Panda AB, Bandyopadhya A. A transdermal device from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted carboxymethyl guar gum-multi-walled carbon nanotube composites. RSC Adv. 2014;4(26):13546-56.
|
Gum arabic |
PDMS and gum arabic |
Array of microscale pillers |
Kanamycin A |
---- |
Wang, Lu, 2018Wang PH, Lu W. Biomimetic PDMS-gum Arabic hybrid biopolymer adhesive for drug delivery, 22nd International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, MicroTAS, 2018. p. 544-6.
|
Gum arabic and maltodextrin |
Microcapsules |
Salicylic acid |
---- |
Huang et al., 2014Huang Y, Li Y, Fan H, Xia Q. Preparation and characterization of salicylic acid-loaded microcapsules as delivery systems for cosmetics. Integr Ferroelectr. 2014;152(1):22.
|
Fragrance (as core), and maltodextrin and gum arabic (as shell) |
Microcapsules |
|
---- |
Li et al., 2014Li L, Ni R, Shao Y, Mao S. Carrageenan and its applications in drug delivery. Carbohyd Polym . 2014a;103:1-11.b |
Gum ghatti |
Polyacrylamide-grafted-gum ghatti copolymers (reservoir) and composed of gum ghatti and PVA (rate controlling membrane) |
Electric stimulus based reservoir type of patch |
Quetiapine fumarate |
--- |
Birajdaret al., 2019Birajdar RP, Patil SB, Alange VV, Kulkarni RV. Electro-responsive polyacrylamide-grafted-gum ghatti copolymer for transdermal drug delivery application. J Macromol Sci Part A: Pure Appl Chem. 2019;56(4):306-15.
|
Glucomannans |
Konjac glucomannan and xanthan gum. |
Film |
Acyclovir |
---- |
Zhang et al., 2010Zhang YQ, Xiong WD, Mi ZY, Ma Z, Li XL. Adhesive and in vitro release properties of the konjac glucomannan and xanthan gum mixture gel film, 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, ICBBE. 2010; 5516579.
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