MERCADOS, REGIÕES E QUALIDADE JORNALÍSTICA: avaliação do desempenho de veículos impressos e digitais no México durante um processo eleitoral

ECHEVERRIA, MARTIN; LARROSA-FUENTES, JUAN S.

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Brazilian Journalism Research

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DOSSIER • Braz. Journal. Res. 20 (1) • Abr 2024 • https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v20n1.2024.1629 copiar

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MERCADOS, REGIÕES E QUALIDADE JORNALÍSTICA: avaliação do desempenho de veículos impressos e digitais no México durante um processo eleitoral

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A preocupação com o desempenho deficiente da imprensa mexicana é um tema recorrente na literatura, mas tem se concentrado principalmente nos veículos impressos da Cidade do México. Assim, medimos comparativamente o desempenho entre regiões e suportes físicos e digitais, com base em critérios de viés e mediação deliberada. Analisamos 281 notícias de 117 jornais em 28 estados sobre as eleições federais de 2021. Descobrimos que o desempenho é melhor nos mercados robustos e pior nos pequenos, sendo mais homogêneo na imprensa impressa do que na digital. Esta última parece ser independente de fatores de mercado, o que poderia indicar relações clientelistas ligadas à vulnerabilidade econômica dos mercados pequenos.

Palavras-chave
Mídia digital; Imprensa tradicional; Desempenho de mídia; Imprensa regional; Patrocínio

Quintile of press markets
Actor type	1						2					3				4					5
	Printed		Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital
	N	%	N	%	N	%		N	%	N	%		N	%	N		%	N	%	N		%	N	%
Candidate	1	25%	5	26%	7	58%		22	81%	7	44%		27	68%	6		29%	37	82%	14		36%	41	77%
Party representative or member	0	0%	1	5%	0	0%		1	4%	1	6%		5	13%	1		5%	3	7%	3		8%	7	13%
Senators or deputies	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		2	5%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	0	0%
electoral authority	1	25%	6	32%	1	8%		0	0%	4	25%		3	8%	5		24%	1	2%	6		15%	1	2%
Presidency of the Republic	1	25%	0	0%	2	17%		0	0%	1	6%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	4		10%	1	2%
Government cabinet member	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		2	7%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	1	2%	4		10%	0	0%
local authority	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	2	13%		0	0%	1		5%	0	0%	1		3%	1	2%
Journalists, communicators	0	0%	3	16%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	0		0%	1	2%	0		0%	0	0%
Religious leaders	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	2		5%	0	0%
Businessmen, bankers, investors	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1	6%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	1		3%	0	0%
Academics, specialists, intellectuals	1	25%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	1	2%
Others (less than 5%)	0	0	2	11%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	2	4%	4		10%	1	2%

Quintile of press markets
Political membership⁶ 6 The Mexican party system is made up of a dominant and relatively newly emerging party, MORENA, which occupies the Executive power and has majorities in the chamber of deputies and senators, as well as the three traditional parties of the democratic transition: the Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI (center left), the National Action Party, PAN (right) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution, PRD (left). These have competed since 2021 under an opposition coalition called Va X México. Such parties coexist with other minority and niche parties, such as the Green Party, the Labor Party (communist left), the Citizen Movement (social democrat), the Social Encounter Party (evangelical right) and Progressive Social Networks (left).	1						2					3				4					5
	Printed		Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital		Printed			Digital
	N	%	N	%	N	%		N	%	N	%		N	%	N		%	N	%	N		%	N	%
Candidate	1	25%	5	26%	7	58%		22	81%	7	44%		27	68%	6		29%	37	82%	14		36%	41	77%
Va x Mexico (PRI, PAN, PRD)	0	0%	1	5%	0	0%		1	4%	1	6%		5	13%	1		5%	3	7%	3		8%	7	13%
Citizen movement	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		2	5%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	0	0%
PRI	0	25%	6	32%	1	8%		0	0%	4	25%		3	8%	5		24%	1	2%	6		15%	1	2%
PAN	0	25%	0	0%	2	17%		0	0%	1	6%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	4		10%	1	2%
MORENA	1	0%	0	0%	0	0%		2	7%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	1	2%	4		10%	0	0%
P.T.	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	2	13%		0	0%	1		5%	0	0%	1		3%	1	2%
Green party	1	0%	3	16%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	0		0%	1	2%	0		0%	0	0%
Fuerza x Mexico	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%		1	4%	0	0%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	2		5%	0	0%
Progressive Social Networks	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1	6%		0	0%	0		0%	0	0%	1		3%	0	0%
PES	0	25%	0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		1	3%	2		10%	0	0%	0		0%	1	2%
Others (equal or less than 5%)	0	0	2	11%	0	0%		0	0%	0	0%		0	0%	1		5%	2	4%	4		10%	1	2%

Quintiles of press markets	1				2				3				4				5
	Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital		Printed		Digital
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Proposal delivery
Yes	0	0%	2	11%	2	15%	4	15%	1	6%	5	13%	3	13%	10	23%	3	8%	4	8%
No	5	100%	14	74%	6	46%	5	19%	7	44%	16	40%	11	46%	7	16%	21	54%	13	25%
Does not apply	0	0%	3	16%	5	38%	18	67%	8	15%	19	48%	10	42%	27	61%	15	38%	35	67%
Civility
Yes	0	0%	4	21%	1	8%	0	0%	2	13%	0	0%	0	0%	1	2%	4	10%	1	2%
No	5	100%	15	79%	12	92%	27	100%	14	88%	40	100%	24	100%	44	98%	35	90%	52	98%
Dialogism
Yes	1	20%	6	32%	0	0%	0	0%	3	19%	3	8%	1	4%	3	7%	0	0%	3	6%
No	4	80%	13	68%	13	100%	27	100%	13	81%	37	93%	23	96%	42	93%	39	100%	50	94%
Reason-giving
Yes	1	20%	13	68%	5	38%	13	48%	5	31%	23	58%	5	21%	18	40%	12	31%	20	38%
No	3	60%	6	32%	6	46%	12	44%	10	63%	16	40%	15	63%	24	53%	24	62%	28	53%
No source or position	1	20%	0	0%	2	15%	2	7%	1	6%	1	3%	4	17%	3	7%	3	8%	5	9%
Frames
Issue	1	20%	4	21%	6	46%	12	44%	3	19%	20	50%	3	13%	23	51%	9	23%	20	38%
Strategic	2	40%	5	26%	3	23%	8	30%	9	56%	15	38%	11	46%	15	33%	11	28%	22	42%
Does not apply	2	40%	10	53%	4	31%	7	26%	4	25%	5	13%	10	42%	7	16%	19	49%	11	21%
Valence
Positive	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	2	7%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	1	2%
Not positive	3	60%	12	63%	10	77%	21	78%	11	69%	37	93%	12	50%	42	93%	25	64%	50	94%
Does not apply	2	40%	7	37%	3	23%	4	15%	5	31%	3	8%	12	50%	3	7%	14	36%	2	4%
Negative	1	20%	3	16%	3	23%	1	4%	4	25%	7	18%	4	17%	6	13%	8	21%	9	17%
Not negative	1	20%	6	32%	7	54%	22	81%	2	13%	26	65%	9	38%	3. 4	76%	14	36%	40	75%
Does not apply	3	60%	10	53%	3	23%	4	15%	10	63%	7	18%	11	46%	5	11%	17	44%	4	8%
Topics	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Economy	0	0%	0	0%	1	8%	1	4%	0	0%	1	3%	1	4%	2	5%	0	0%	0	0%
Public security	2	40%	1	5%	2	15%	1	4%	0	0%	2	5%	3	13%	0	0%	5	13%	0	0%
Citizen participation	0	0%	3	16%	0	0%	0	0%	1	6%	0	0%	1	4%	1	2%	3	8%	0	0%
Public administration	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	4	10%	0	0%	3	7%	1	3%	0	0%
Religion	0	0%	1	5%	1	8%	1	4%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	1	3%	0	0%
Media	0	0%	0	0%	1	8%	0	0%	0	0%	1	3%	1	4%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Partisan politics	2	40%	7	37%	2	15%	0	0%	5	31%	6	15%	5	21%	2	5%	11	28%	5	10%
Corruption	1	20%	1	5%	0	0%	1	4%	1	6%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%
Gender	0	0%	2	11%	0	0%	0	0%	0	0%	3	8%	0	0%	3	7%	0	0%	3	6%
Electoral campaign and debate	0	0%	3	16%	5	38%	18	67%	8	50%	19	48%	10	42%	26	59%	16	41%	35	67%
AMLO government	0	0%	0	0%	1	8%	1	4%	1	6%	1	3%	1	4%	1	2%	0	0%	6	12%
Others (equal or less than 5%)	0	0%	1	5%	0	0%	4	15%	0	0%	3	8%	2	8%	6	14%	2	5%	3	6%

Associação Brasileira de Pesquisadores em Jornalismo (SBPJor) Secretaria da SBPJor, Faculdade de Comunicação, Universidade de Brasília(UnB)., ICC Norte, Subsolo, Sala ASS 633 - cep: 70910-900, Brasília - DF / Brasil - Brasília - DF - Brazil
E-mail: sbpjor.dir.adm@gmail.com

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[1] TRANSLATED BY: NICHOLAS JAMES BARRETT