JORNALISMO ECONÕMICO E A ABORDAGEM ELITISTA: um padrão persistente na utilização das fontes? A cobertura da crise econômica por parte da imprensa espanhola (2008–2015)

RIOS-RODRÍGUEZ, RAUL; ARRESE, ÁNGEL

RAUL RIOS-RODRÍGUEZ

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela – Galicia – Spain. E-mail: raul.rios@usc.es

RAUL RIOS-RODRÍGUEZ. in Lecturer Professor at the Department of Communication Sciences of the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). He has a degree in Journalism and Doctor (Ph.D.) from the same university, with a thesis on the journalistic coverage of the economic crisis of 2008. His research focuses on economic journalism and media economics, being especially interest in the reproduction of neoliberal ideology by the media. Collaboration in this article: conceptualization, literature review, methodology, formal analysis and investigation, discussion of research results, writing - original draft preparation, writing- review and editing of the final version of the article. E-mail: raul.rios@usc.es

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-1875

ÁNGEL ARRESE

Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona – Navarra – Spain. E-mail: aarrese@unav.es

ÁNGEL ARRESE. Associate Professor of Financial and Business Journalism at the School of Communication of the University of Navarra (Spain). His research examines the history and structure of economic and financial news journalism. Specifically, he focuses upon on the coverage of economic and business news in the Spanish and European press. Arrese has also worked on the practices and concerns of business journalism. Collaboration in this article: conceptualization, discussion of research results, writing - review and editing of the final version of the article. E-mail: aarrese@unav.es

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0586-4188

Desk Review Editor: Lia Seixas

RAUL RIOS-RODRÍGUEZ. in Lecturer Professor at the Department of Communication Sciences of the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). He has a degree in Journalism and Doctor (Ph.D.) from the same university, with a thesis on the journalistic coverage of the economic crisis of 2008. His research focuses on economic journalism and media economics, being especially interest in the reproduction of neoliberal ideology by the media. Collaboration in this article: conceptualization, literature review, methodology, formal analysis and investigation, discussion of research results, writing - original draft preparation, writing- review and editing of the final version of the article. E-mail: raul.rios@usc.es

ÁNGEL ARRESE. Associate Professor of Financial and Business Journalism at the School of Communication of the University of Navarra (Spain). His research examines the history and structure of economic and financial news journalism. Specifically, he focuses upon on the coverage of economic and business news in the Spanish and European press. Arrese has also worked on the practices and concerns of business journalism. Collaboration in this article: conceptualization, discussion of research results, writing - review and editing of the final version of the article. E-mail: aarrese@unav.es

Slowdown and first recession	“Green shoots”	Second recession	Recovery
01/01/2008 – 31/03/2010	01/04/2010 – 31/12/2010	01/01/2011 – 31/12/2013	01/01/2014 – 31/12/2015

No specific policies (PSOE^* * PSOE (Socialist Party) and PP (Popular Party) indicate the party in the government at each period. )	Expansionary policies (PSOE)	Start of austerity policies (PSOE)	Intensification of austerity policies (PP^* * PSOE (Socialist Party) and PP (Popular Party) indicate the party in the government at each period. )	Relaxation of the fiscal consolidation pace (PP)
01/01/2008 – 27/11/2008	28/11/2008 – 11/05/2010	12/05/2010 – 19/11/2011	20/11/2011 – 31/12/2014	01/01/2015 – 31/12/2015

		Journal
		El País	La Voz de Galicia	Total
News sources	PP	15.8a	17.9a	16.8
	PSOE	16.9a	16a	16.5
	Financial sector	13.8a	8.7b	11.3
	Documentary sources	10.2a	8.6a	9.4
	Trade unions	7.7a	11b	9.3
	Foreign governments	9.6a	6.2b	7.9
	Business	8.4a	7a	7.7
	Other Spanish political sources	5.8a	4a	4.9
	European institutions	6.1a	3.1b	4.6
	Other sources	3.9a	4.5a	4.2
	Media	4.8a	3.4a	4.1
	Other experts and economists	4.2a	3a	3.6
	Academics	5.2a	2b	3.6
	BNG	1.6a	4.2b	2.9
	Banco de España	2.9a	1.6a	2.3
	International institutions	2.9a	1.6a	2.2
	Citizens	1.4a	1.9a	1.6
	Social movements	1.7a	0.9a	1.3
	Foreign central banks	1.6a	0.8a	1.2
	IU	0.8a	1.2a	1.0
	Real estate sector	1.1a	0.7a	0.9
	Other foreign political sources	0.8a	0.7a	0.7
	AGE	0.2a	0.6a	0.4
	Podemos	-	-	-

		Period
		1º	2º	3º	4º
El País	PP	11a	10.7a,b	23.1b	18a,b
	PSOE	19.2a,b	24.4a	13b,c	9c
	Financial sector	14.8a	12.2a	13.8a	13.1a
	Documentary sources	11a	2b	11.1a	18a
	Trade unions	7.5a	4.1a	10.1a	6.6a
	Foreign governments	7.5a	9.1a	12.5a	9a
	Business	10.3a	4.1a	8.8a	7.4a
	Other Spanish political sources	4.7a	8.6a	6.4a	3.3a
	European institutions	4a	6.1a	8a	7.4a
	Other sources	2.6a	5.1a	5a	3.3a
	Media	3.5a	5.6a	6.1a	4.1a
	Other experts and economists	3.3a	5.1a	3.2a	9a
	Academics	4.2a	4.6a	5.6a	8.2a
	BNG	1.9a	2a	1.3a	0.8a
	Banco de España	3.3a,b	3.6a,b	1.1a	6.6b
	International institutions	2.1a	3a	3.4a	3.3a
	Citizens	0.5a	0.5a	2.7a	2.5a
	Social movements	0.5a	3a	2.4a	1.6a
	Foreign central banks	1.6a	0.5a	1.9a	2.5a
	IU	0.9a	1a	0.8a	-
	Real estate sector	1.9a	0.5a	0.3a	1.6a
	Other foreign political sources	0.5a	-	1.3a	1.6a
	AGE	-	-	0.3a	0.8a
	Podemos	-	-	-	-
La Voz de Galicia	PP	10.3a	18.2a,b	22.7b	25.6b,c
	PSOE	21.1a	21a	12.5a,b	4.3b
	Financial sector	8.4a	8.5a	7.5a	13.7a
	Documentary sources	7.9a	4.5a	6.7a	23.1b
	Trade unions	13.5a	10.2a	10a	7.7a
	Foreign governments	6.1a	6.3a	7a	3.4a
	Business	11.1a	6.3a,b	4.2b	4.3a,b
	Other Spanish political sources	2.6a	9.7b	3.2a,b	2.6a,b
	European institutions	2.6a	3.4a	2.7a	5.1a
	Other sources	6.9a	2.3a	3.2a	4.3a
	Media	2.9a	2.8a	4.7a	1.7a
	Other experts and economists	4.2a	0.6a	2.5a	4.3a
	Academics	1.6a	2.8a	1.5a	3.4a
	BNG	3.2a	6.3a	4.7a	2.6a
	Banco de España	1.6a	3.4a	0.2a	3.4a
	International institutions	2.1a	1.7a	0.7a	2.6a
	Citizens	2.4a	2.3a	1.7a	-
	Social movements	0.3a	-	1.7a	1.7a
	Foreign central banks	1.1a	0.6a	0.5a	1.7a
	IU	1.1a	0.6a	2a	-
	Real estate sector	1.1a	1.1a	-	1.7a
	Other foreign political sources	0.3a	-	1.2a	0.9a
	AGE	-	-	1.2a	0.9a
	Podemos	-	-	-	-

		Period
		1º	2º	3º	4º	5º
El País	PP	10.9a	11.3a	12.5a	29.6b	14.3a,b
	PSOE	20a	18.3a	22.2a	5.7b	16.3a,b
	Financial sector	16a	15.7a	11.1a	15.4a	6.1a
	Documentary sources	10.9a	9.3a	7.1a	14.6a	14.3a
	Trade unions	6.3a	7.3a	8a	9.7a	2a
	Foreign governments	10.3a	7a	11.7a	9.3a	10.2a
	Business	10.9a	8.3a	7.7a	8.1a	6.1a
	Other Spanish political sources	2.3a	6.7a	8.3a	3.2a	8.2a
	European institutions	2.9a	5.3a	6.8a	7.3a	10.2a
	Other sources	1.7a	3.3a	4.6a	5.3a	4.1a
	Media	4.6a	2.7a	7.1a	4.9a	2a
	Other experts and economists	2.3a	4.3a,b	4a,b	3.2a	16.3b
	Academics	2.9a	5.3a	5.4a	6.9a	2a
	BNG	2.3a	1.3a	2a	1.2a	-
	Banco de España	3.4a	3.3a	1.4a	4.9a	-
	International >institutions	2.3a	2.3a	3.7a	2.8a	2a
	Citizens	1.1a	-	1.7a	2.4a	4.1a
	Social movements	0.6a	0.3a	2.6a	3.2a	-
	Foreign central banks	1.7a	1.7a	1.7a	0.8a	4.1a
	IU	1.1a	1a	0.9a	0.4a	-
	Real estate sector	0.6a	2.3a	0.3a	0.8a	2a
	Other foreign political sources	0.6a	0.3a	0.6a	1.6a	2a
	AGE	-	-	-	0.8a	-
	Podemos	-	-	-	-	-
La Voz de Galicia	PP	9.5a	13.1a	16.4a,b	27.9b	24.4a,b
	PSOE	25.7a	18.6a	18.2a	6.8b	9.8a,b
	Financial sector	10.1a	7.7a	6.7a	10a	17.1a
	Documentary sources	5.4a	8.8a	5.8a	12.9a	12.2a
	Trade unions	13.5a	11.3a	9.7a	11.8a	4.9a
	Foreign governments	8.1a	5.5a	7.3a	5a	2.4a
	Business	10.8a	9.9a	4.8a	5.4a	2.4a
	Other Spanish political sources	2.7a,b	3.3a,b	7.3a	1.1b	7.3a,b
	European institutions	1.4a	3.6a	3a	2.9a	7.3a
	Other sources	8.1a	5.8a	2.1a	2.9a	12.2a
	Media	6.1a	1.1a	5.2a	2.5a	2.4a
	Other experts and economists	2a	4.7a	1.8a	2.1a	9.8a
	Academics	2a	1.5a	2.4a	1.8a	2.4a
	BNG	2.7a	4.4a	4.8a	4.3a	2.4a
	Banco de España	1.4a	2.6a	1.2a	1.1a	2.4a
	International institutions	1.4a	2.6a	1.2a	1.4a	-
	Citizens	2a	2.2a	2.7a	0.7a	-
	Social movements	-	0.4a	1.5a	1.1a	2.4a
	Foreign central banks	-	1.8a	0.3a	0.4a	4.9a
	IU	0.7a	1.1a	2.7a	-	-
	Real estate sector	0.7a	1.5a	0.3a	0.7a	-
	Other foreign political sources	-	0.4a	0.3a	1.8a	-
	AGE	-	-	-	2.1a	-
	Podemos	-	-	-	-	-

[1] Desk Review Editor: Lia Seixas

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JORNALISMO ECONÕMICO E A ABORDAGEM ELITISTA: um padrão persistente na utilização das fontes? A cobertura da crise econômica por parte da imprensa espanhola (2008–2015)

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